Ti/Cu接触反应液相层等温凝固过程研究

针对Ti/Cu接触反应液相层在等温凝固过程中的组织形貌、反应相及成分分布规律进行研究.以Cu/Ti/Cu嵌入式整体结构试验件为试验对象进行等温凝固试验,研究等温凝固过程中,Ti/Cu扩散偶界面微观组织形貌的演变过程、反应相出现以及成分分布规律.     

Ti/Cu接触反应界面成分分析

针对Ti/Cu接触反应界面层组织形貌以及生成成分与相进行研究.以Cu/Ti/Cu嵌入式整体结构试验件为试验对象,在连接温度为90℃,连接时间分别为3、5、7、10、12min的条件下进行瞬间液相扩散连接,研究接触熔化过程中,Ti/Cu扩散偶界面微观组织形貌的演变过程、界面成分变化以及相生成的规律.     

用Ti/Cu/Ni中间层二次部分瞬间液相连接Si3N4陶瓷的研究

采用Ti/Cu/Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次PTLP连接,研究Ti箔厚度、连接工艺参数对Si3N4/Ti/C/Ni连接强度和界面结构的影响.结果表明Ti箔厚度对连接强度的影响是通过对反应层厚度的影响体现的;在本文试验条件下,改变二次连接工艺参数对Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响,其对室温强度的影响是由于连接接头残余应力的变化所导致的;Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni二次PTLP连接界面微观结构为Si3N4/反应层/Cu-Ni固溶体层(少量的Cu-Ni-Ti)/Ni.     

钎焊温度对Ti60/AgCu/ZrO_2接头界面组织及性能的影响

采用AgCu钎料实现了Ti60合金和ZrO_2陶瓷的钎焊连接。使用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)、能谱仪(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer,EDS)和X射线衍射仪(X-Ray Diffractometer,XRD)等分析测试手段,对不同钎焊温度下获得的接头界面组织结构进行了分析。研究表明,Ti60/AgCu/ZrO_2接头典型界面组织为:Ti60合金/α-Ti+Ti_2Cu扩散层/TiCu+TiCu_2/Ag(s,s)+Cu(s,s)/Ti_3Cu_3O反应层/TiO反应层/ZrO_2陶瓷。随着钎焊温度的升高,α-Ti+Ti2Cu扩散层、TiCu+TiCu_2层、Ti3_Cu_3O层及TiO层厚度均逐渐增加,颗粒状Ti-Cu化合物不断长大,Ag(s,s)和Cu(s,s)含量逐渐减少。剪切试验表明,在钎焊温度为900℃、保温时间为10min条件下获得的接头室温抗剪强度最高为124.9 MPa,500℃和600℃抗剪强度分别为83.0 MPa和30.2 MPa。断口分析表明:接头沿ZrO_2陶瓷/钎料界面和靠近该界面的钎缝发生断裂。     

TiAl合金与40Cr钢的真空钎焊研究

采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料进行了TiAl合金与40Cr钢的真空钎焊连接,用拉伸试验对接头的连接强度进行检验,采用扫描电镜、电子探针和X-射线衍射分析等手段对接头断口的形貌、界面原子扩散、界面反应及界面产物进行了分析.研究结果表明,采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料时得到的焊缝具有很高的强度(426MPa),是因为钎料和TiAl母材中的Ag,Cu,Ti原子发生了互扩散,而且在钎料与母材的界面发生了界面反应,形成了AlCu2Ti相,实现了冶金上的结合.     

电流对SnBi共晶合金熔体／Cu反应偶界面反应的影响

研究了250℃条件下电流对SnBi共晶熔体／Cu／SnBi共晶熔体反应偶的界面反应的影响。实验结果表明未施加电流时SnBi共晶熔体／Cu反应偶界面反应产物为扇贝状的Cu6Sn5层和薄的Cu3Sn层。施加电流会促进SnBi共晶熔体／Cu反应偶界面反应层的生长。电流作用下SnBi共晶熔体／Cu／SnBi共晶熔体反应偶的阳极界面反应层厚度明显厚于阴极界面反应层厚度。     

TA1/Q235循环累积变形复合界面研究

借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等手段,对循环累积变形复合后的Ti/Q235复合试样的界面生成物和界面形貌进行分析.结果表明:两母材元素在界面反应生成TiC和Fe2Ti化合物;TA1/Q235复合前去除氧化膜后在待结合面上制造一层脆性覆膜,有利于形成冶金结合.     

C_f/SiC复合材料与Ti合金的AgCuTi-W复合钎焊

本文利用AgCuTi-W复合钎料作中间层,在适当的工艺参数下真空钎焊Cf／SiC复合材料与Ti合金,利用SEM,EDS,XRD分析接头微观组织结构,利用剪切试验检测接头力学性能。研究结果表明：钎焊时,复合钎料中的Ti借助Cu-Ti液相与Cf／SiC复合材料反应,在Cf／SiC复合材料与连接层界面形成Ti3SiC2,Ti3Si和少量TiC化合物的混合反应层。复合钎料中的Cu与Ti合金中的Ti发生互扩散,在连接层与Ti合金界面形成不同成分的Cu—Ti化合物过渡层。钎焊后,形成W颗粒强化的致密复合连接层,W颗粒主要分布在Cu-Ti相中。W的加入缓解了接头的残余热应力,Cf／SiC／AgCuTi—W／TC4接头剪切强度明显高于CF／SiC／AgCuTi／TC4接头。     

TiAl合金与42CrMo扩散钎焊的界面组织及形成机理

使用真空扩散钎焊方法对870℃下TiAl/B-Ag72Cu/42CrMo进行了连接,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针成分线分析及成分定量分析等方法研究了TiAl/B-Ag72Cu/42CrMo扩散钎焊接头组织及接头反应层的形成机理.界面分析显示,B-Ag72Cu/42CrMo的界面未形成金属间化合物,而TiAl/B-Ag72Cu的界面上有Ti(Cu,Al)2金属间化合物产生.分析了连接接头金属间化合物的形成和长大机制,钎焊接头金属间化合物的形成和长大机制,分为等温凝固和冷却凝固两个阶段.元素的扩散是控制接头形成的主要因素.连接界面金属间化合物的形成和长大主要有钎料的熔化、沿晶界优先扩散、等温凝固、柱状和蘑菇状长大及纵向长大几个过程.     

TC4/72Ag-28Cu 钎焊组织及Ti-Cu化合物

在钎焊温度1103K一定的条件下,分析了钎焊时间对TC4/72Ag-28Cu/TC4钎焊接头组织及分布形态的影响.研究表明钎焊时间较短,扩散到界面的Ti、Cu在冷却过程中通过共析转变形成了Ti2Cu化合物;钎焊时间大于某一临界值,由于母材中Ti大量向钎缝中溶解及在界面Cu相对浓度的降低,使钎缝中Cu全部固溶在Ti中,最终Ti2Cu化合物消失.在此基础上提出了临界钎焊时间的概念.     

SiO2f/SiO2复合材料自身及其与铜、不锈钢的钎焊

采用AgCuTi活性钎料,在880℃/10min规范下成功实现了SiO2f/SiO2自身、SiO2f/SiO2与Cu和SiO2f/SiO2与1Cr18Ni9Ti三种接头的连接。实验结果表明,三种接头中靠近SiO2f/SiO2母材的界面处均形成了一层薄薄的扩散反应层组织,反应层中出现了Ti和O的富集,根据两者的原子比例推断生成了TiO2相;另外,三种接头中心区都形成了由灰色相和白色相共同组成的Ag-Cu共晶组织,其中灰色相为Cu基固溶体,白色相为Ag基固溶体。接头剪切强度结果显示,SiO2f/SiO2/Cu接头剪切强度为12.4MPa,SiO2f/SiO2/1Cr18Ni9Ti接头剪切强度为18.4MPa,接头中的残余应力是决定接头强度大小的重要因素之一。     

Preparation and Microstructure of Cu/Ti_3SiC_2 Nanocomposite

Mixed micron-sized Cu/Ti3SiC2 (vol5%) powder was mechanically milled using agate balls and zirconia balls separately. Then followed an examination of it with the FEI-SEM. The experimental results show that, distributed homogenously in Cu matrix, the Ti3SiC2 particles have a size of about 30-50 nm after milled with agate balls for 8 h, while it remains approximately unchanged after milled with zirconia balls. The microstructure of the mixture at different ball-milling stages was also studied. Bulks of Cu/Ti3SiC2 nano-composite were fabricated by hot pressing nano-sized Cu/Ti3SiC2 powder at the temperature of 1 073 K under 100 MPa. Then came an investigation of the effects of the particle size and agglomerate state of Ti3SiC2 as well as the microstructure of Cu/Ti3SiC2 nano-composite. It was found that the nano-sized Ti3SiC2 particles distribute evenly in copper.     

SiC/ Cu 复合材料的性能

采用磁控溅射技术制备了SiC/Cu复合材料和SiC、Cu膜.用SEM和XRD对材料的微观结构进行观察和分析,压痕测试和拉伸实验结果表明:SiC/Cu复合材料的层状结构清晰,其韧性和拉伸强度相对于SiC材料有很大提高,但显微硬度有所降低.断口分析表明:裂纹偏转、金属塑性变形、宏观桥联等是其拉伸强度提高的主要原因.     

Influence of welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded Ti60 to GH3128 joint with a Cu interlayer

Effects of welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Cu/Ni joint welded by electron beam were investigated. High welding heat input increased the melting quantity of Ti60 titanium alloy and promoted the formation of Ti–Cu intermetallic compounds (IMC) such as Ti₂Cu and Ti₃Cu₄, increasing the brittleness of the joints. Low welding heat input was not conducive to the complete melting of the copper interlayer, and the unmelted copper reduced the performance of the joints. Under the optimal welding parameters, Ti–Ni IMCs in the weld would be replaced by (Cu, Ni) solid solutions ((Cu, Ni)_ss). However, Ti–Cu IMC layers cannot be eliminated entirely by changing the welding parameters. The maximum tensile strength of the joints was 201 MPa. The fracture of the joints occurred at the Ti–Cu IMC layer, which was a typical brittle fracture.     

Ti和Ti／Ni／Ti连接钨与铜及其合金的界面结合机制与接头强度

采用热 力学模拟试验机Gleeble1500D作加热设备,用Ti片和Ti箔 Ni片 Ti箔复合中间层扩散连接钨与铜及铜合金CuCrZr。结果表明,当用Ti片连接钨与铜,连接温度下Ti与Cu反应但未转化成液相时,则反应层由具有一定脆性的多层化合物组成,接头强度偏低;当Ti片通过共晶反应转化成液相且大部分液相被挤出连接区时,接头强度显著提高,最高达220MPa。用Ti Ni Ti复合中间层连接钨与CuCrZr时,结合界面是通过Ti分别与Ni、W及Cu相互扩散并反应生成多层化合物和固溶体而形成的;与Ti片连接钨与铜的接头形成相似,连接过程中Ti箔未转化成液相时接头强度偏低,Ti箔转化成液相时接头强度明显提高。     

Brazing diamond grits onto AA7075 aluminium alloy substrate with Ag–Cu–Ti filler alloy by laser heating

The brazing of diamond is a promising way to fabricate grinding wheels for efficient machining and precision grinding. This work investigated the feasibility of bonding diamond grits onto Aluminium Alloy 7075 (AA7075) substrate with a Ag–Cu–Ti filler alloy via laser fusion brazing. The interfacial microstructures and the strength of the brazed diamond joints were studied. The cross-section of the brazed diamond joint consists of a molten filler alloy layer, a molten pool, a heat effect zone, a columnar crystal zone and an equiaxed crystal zone. Within the interface of the filler alloy/substrate metal, microstructures observed possibly were Ag(s.s), Al(s.s), TixAl, Al2Cu and Mg intermetallic compounds. A layer of TiC with a thickness of about 30–50 nm was found at the bonding interface of the diamond/filler alloy. The averaged peak shear force of the brazed joints was found to be approximately 39.8 N. The abrasion grinding test indicated that the diamond/AA7075 brazed joint was adequate for grinding. However, the pulled-off of grit was found to be the primary failure of this type of brazed joint. This work broadened the brazing diamond technique and the range of applications of brazed diamond wheels for efficient grinding.     

Microstructural formation and mechanical performance of friction stir double-riveting welded Al-Cu joints

A novel friction stir double-riveting welding (FSDRW) technology was proposed in order to realize the high-quality joining of upper aluminum (Al) and lower copper (Cu) plates, and this technology employed a Cu column as a rivet and a specially designed welding tool with a large concave-angle shoulder. The formations, interfacial characteristics, mechanical properties and fracture features of Al/Cu FSDRW joints under different rotational velocities and dwell times were investigated. The results showed that the well-formed FSDRW joint was successfully obtained. The cylindrical Cu column was transformed into a double riveting heads structure with a Cu anchor at the top and an Al anchor at the bottom, thereby providing an excellent mechanical interlocking. The defect-free Cu/Cu interface was formed at the lap interface due to the sufficient metallurgical bonding between the Cu column and the Cu plate, thereby effectively inhibiting the propagation of crack from the intermetallic compound layer at the lap interface between the Al and Cu plates. The tensile shear load of joint was increased first and then decreased when the rotational velocity and dwell time of welding tool increased, and the maximum value was 5.52 kN. The FSDRW joint presented a mixed mode of ductile and brittle fractures.     

Si3N4陶瓷二次部分瞬间液相连接模型

在Si3N4陶瓷PTLP连接的基础上,提出了Si3N4陶瓷二次PTLP连接中间层设计的一般规律为Ti Cu X(X为Ni,Pt,Au,Pd等),X与Cu在固相和液相均是完全互溶的;分析了陶瓷二次PTLP连接过程并建立了连接模型,阐述了利用该模型选择连接参数的方法。