精密离心机半径值动态测试系统

精密离心机半径值动态测试系统采用量块法测量其静态半径值，与动态下利用线位移传感器组件测量其微位移量之和的方法相比较，其工作半径值测量的相对误差达３．３×１０￣（－６）。对静态半径测量所采用的量块法及动态下采用线位移传感器组件测量补偿量的原理、方法、数据处理及误差分析进行了详细论述。此法可推广应用到其他类似的大量程动态测试系统中。     

工字钢结晶器内腔尺寸多维坐标测量机的设计

介绍了一种测量工字钢结晶器内腔尺寸的专用测量机的结构、原理、功能及测量准确度。将硬件与软件有机地结合于一体 ,经软件处理后能自动给出测量结果。该测量机通过数控软件可自动控制测头的上下、左右移动及转动。由数据处理软件完成数据的处理、误差分离与修正等功能。采用大位移高准确度的光栅位移传感器能精确的测出测头X、Y及Z方向的位移量。     

HRBS-150标准洛氏硬度计的技术改造

针对液压驱动式HRBS-150标准洛氏硬度计结构和设计上存在的问题,提出了采用高准确度位移传感器测量、伺服电机驱动的方案,重新设计了驱动系统、控制和测量系统,并编制了测量软件。改造后的硬度计设计合理,系统稳定,测量结果重复性好,操作简单,实现了测试过程的自动化。     

DMT－1动态调制测试系统的研制

该测试系统是配合半主动寻的制导系统的测试设备。主要用于测量载波随时间变化的调频信号的调制频率、载波频率、最大频偏量和调制信号经调制器后产生的相移等参数，还可对两微波信号混频后的频率进行测量。该系统采用了脉冲计数式鉴频器方案，具有线性鉴频范围大，便于集成化等优点，并解决了小频偏测量和调制器引起调制信号相移的测量。电路设计中采用了高性能低通滤波器设计、高稳定度低织波稳压电源设计、ＰＬＤ器件和良好的屏蔽等多种措施；在数据处理中采用了多点平滑、分频段定标、计算公式细化等多种技术，使测试准确度达到或超过技术要求的指标。该系统具有电路设计合理、测试及数据处理速度快、使用操作简便、自检定标方便、测试准确度高、工作稳定可靠等特点。     

应用加权中值滤波法检测薄壁梁式挠性器件下摆量

应用加权中值滤波法对薄壁梁式挠性器件下摆量进行高准确度CCD检测。薄壁梁式挠性器件在测量过程中测量图像存在高频抖动现象,因此测量准确度不高,运用加权中值滤波后使用最小二乘法细分技术,可以在实现提高测量准确度的同时,消除高频抖动带来的误差,从而可以有效提高CCD测量薄壁梁式挠性器件下摆量的准确度。实验表明,该方法比传统测量方法准确度提高20倍以上。     

动态测角仪测量误差检测方法研究

检测高速测角仪的测量误差,其检测（方法）装置必须有高的动态响应和高的检测准确度。介绍了动态测角仪测量准确度检测系统的检测原理、测量系统的总体设计及实验结果。     

圆度仪测量系统滤波特性的检定

提出一种用定标块检定圆度仪测量系统滤波特性的新方法。该定标块的弦高计算值通过测量系统的各滤波档时必定被衰减。我们可以利用这一弦高值衰减的特点检定其滤波特性。介绍了该方法的检定原理和实验结果。该方法的优点是比用微振动器检定具有更高的效率和更高的准确度，并且可利用检定圆度仪放大倍数的定标块来检定各种圆度仪测量系统的滤波特性。     

应用“TTME”法对气缸套磨损规律进行精密测量的研究

为了精确测量气缸套磨损分布,需要使用高准确度测量系统。尽管电容测微仪具有很高的准确度,但测量系统存在有很大的机械误差。采用“两次测量误差消除”(TTME)法,应用计算机软件对测量系统的测量误差进行了修正。从而提高了测量系统的准确度,满足了测量要求。通过对8V150柴油机的气缸套进行实际测量表明,该方法比传统的测量方法准确度提高了近10倍。     

X－频段波导测量线自动测试系统

介绍一种普及型ｘ－频段波导测量线自动测试系统。该系统是用现代测试思想和方法对传统波导测量线的改造而组成的。测试系统改造成本低，测试过程实现了自动化，测试准确度高，系统稳定性好，并给出了几种驻波测试的数学模型。     

深微孔内径测量技术研究

介绍了一种基于高准确度电感传感器和红宝石测头,在测长机上实现深微孔径测量的方法,解决了内径的Φ1mm～Φ5mm、深度在40mm以下的深微孔内径的测量问题。通过对深微孔径测量装置测量不确定度的分析,在95%置信概率下,装置的测量不确定度为0.6μm,满足测量要求。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.