轮盘低周疲劳概率寿命预估模型

为了研究影响轮盘结构寿命预估精度的主要因素,提高模型预测精度,通过对三种材料应变概率寿命模型参数的异方差回归,对某航空发动机风扇盘榫槽部位疲劳寿命分布进行了数值模拟,得到了风扇盘榫槽部位的概率寿命。经与试验结果对比表明,考虑材料疲劳寿命异方差特性比按同方差处理更为合理。等效应变模型对疲劳寿命严重高估,第一主应变模型预测值与试验结果吻合较好。最大剪应变模型预测值介于以上两个模型之间,用峰值拉伸应力代替平均拉伸应力进行修正后最大剪应变模型预测值与试验值吻合良好。     

基于SWT模型的概率寿命分析体方法

为了研究大应力体积对航空发动机轮盘低周循环疲劳破坏的影响,提高轮盘概率寿命预估精度,针对应变体方法对中、长寿命轮盘预测精度不准的缺陷,提出基于SWT模型的概率寿命分析体方法。该方法以最大主应变平面为临界面的SWT模型为基础,结合考虑尺寸效应的体方法,且不需要进行平均应力修正。通过对某风扇盘进行概率寿命分析,得到的轮盘中值寿命与试验结果吻合良好,预测精度高于应变点方法、应力修正系数法得到的结果。表明基于SWT模型的概率寿命分析体方法可以用来预估航空发动机轮盘概率寿命。     

高压涡轮盘疲劳载荷分析与试验

针对航空发动机涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命受交变热应力影响的问题,对某型高压涡轮盘服役过程的温度场变化情况进行 了研究。根据某型发动机高压涡轮盘试车过程中实测的随时间变化的温度分布,采用有限元方法分析了轮盘温度变化对不同考 核部位应力水平的影响,对发动机工作状态下各考核部位的循环应力进行了计算。制定了试验方案,设计了试验装置,在旋转试 验器上进行了涡轮盘在高温状态下的低循环疲劳试验,按照安全寿命法确定了盘心和螺栓孔部位的安全寿命。结果表明：温度变 化对轮盘考核部位应力的影响明显,瞬态温度沿径向呈“V”型分布,导致螺栓孔部位应力水平比稳态温度分布下的提高了25.9%, 使其成为涡轮盘的限寿部位;轮盘失效模式为低循环疲劳破坏,裂纹起源于螺栓孔的6、12点钟方向,沿径向扩展导致轮盘失效。     

带凸肩叶片的断裂故障分析

某型发动机风扇带凸肩的转子叶片发生断裂故障。断口分析表明其为疲劳裂纹特征,其疲劳源在叶盆侧凸肩工作面下侧靠近叶片前缘位置。根据微观分析结论,建立了风扇叶片三维实体模型,利用有限元方法分析了叶片的振动模态。结果表明：叶片在工作时,由于结构的激振可能发生某些阶次的共振,其应力分布与断口分析结果较一致,初步判断叶片是由于共振而发生了疲劳断裂。     

航空发动机自由涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命试验研究

针对某型航空发动机适航取证项目要求，对该发动机自由涡轮盘开展寿命研究。综合考虑自由涡轮盘标准工作循环内 温度场和转速载荷，采用线弹性有限元应力分析法对轮盘进行应力分析，据此确定轮缘和盘心为轮盘应力水平及疲劳寿命的关键 考核部位；充分考虑试验器能力及试验过程的可监控性等因素，设计并开展了能够对该自由涡轮盘关键部位进行有效考核的试验 载荷系数为1 的试验器循环疲劳试验；根据试验结果对轮盘低循环疲劳寿命进行分析。结果表明：该自由涡轮盘的预定安全循环 寿命为6500 次。     

某型发动机第2级涡轮叶片低循环疲劳寿命分析

对改型后的某型发动机第2级涡轮叶片进行了热弹性有限元应力分析,结果表明在发动机各功率状态下,第2级涡轮叶片始终处于弹性应力范围,最大应力始终位于叶片和轮盘的交界部位;采用EGD-3应力标准中的应力疲劳分析方法,分别按假设的最好和最差的S-N曲线,估算了第2级涡轮叶片的低循环飞行小时寿命。     

粉末合金轮盘关键部位多圆弧转接降应力研究

为了验证某型航空发动机粉末合金涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命,在旋转试验器上进行了涡轮转子的低循环疲劳寿命试验。在试验过程中有轮缘凸块和配重块断裂飞出,导致试验失败,得出该低循环疲劳试验故障的主要原因是裂纹起始部位的局部应力偏高。通过建立故障部位的单圆弧、双圆弧和3圆弧局部模型进行有限元计算,研究了转接圆角处的应力与转接圆角半径的关系。研究结果表明:采用3圆弧转接方法对粉末合金涡轮盘寿命考核部位进行改进设计是最佳方案,降低了轮盘考核部位应力,提高了轮盘寿命,并通过了试验验证。     

考虑应力梯度的轮盘疲劳寿命预测

考虑应力梯度和尺寸效应对寿命的影响,通过引入应力梯度影响因子,将缺口试件与光滑试件的疲劳寿命相关联,建立了基于Walker平均应力修正的缺口试件寿命预测模型,进而结合三维弹性有限元分析对发动机涡轮盘进行了寿命预测.结果表明:所发展的寿命模型能较好地反映影响疲劳寿命的多种因素,尤其是应力集中对试件疲劳寿命的影响,综合考虑平均应力、应力梯度和尺寸效应的轮盘寿命预测结果更接近试验值,对GH901标准试件和轮盘的疲劳寿命预测结果都在2倍分散带以内.      

某型发动机二级压气机叶片断裂故障分析研究

某型发动机二级压气机叶片属于事故多发性零部件。最近又发生了叶身断裂故障,该故障是一种新型故障,与二扭共振引起的叶尖掉角故障不同:疲劳源位于叶盆中上部,靠近叶尖断裂飞出,断裂飞出部分约为叶片的1/3,故障件断口部分呈“S”型。本文从叶片断口金相、扫描电镜分析、振动特性计算分析、叶片静频和振型测量、疲劳破坏试验、第10阶相对振动应力测量和叶片疲劳寿命评估等研究工作,分析得出造成叶片疲劳破坏的故障机理是叶片第10阶振型在发动机0.8额定转速发生共振和叶盆表面损伤。      

基于积叠线的风扇叶片优化与振动特性研究

为了改善航空发动机风扇叶片静强度和振动特性,以风扇叶片静应力和应变能密度指数为优化目标,采用Kriging 代理 模型和微种群遗传算法,分析风扇叶片重心积叠线周向构型变化对叶片强度振动性能的影响。以叶片重心积叠线周向构型为设计 参数,实现风扇叶片参数化建模和有限元网格的自动划分及有限元计算。建立航空发动机风扇“参数化建模—有限元仿真—强度和 振动特性优化”的一体化平台,对某宽弦风扇叶片进行优化设计。结果表明：优化后叶片中心的高应力区向叶尖偏移,叶根前缘的高 应力区得到了改善,最大静应力减小了5.45%,应变能密度指数减小了5.94%,在相同载荷下的第1 阶振动应力裕度从66.81%提高 到了70.46%;叶片的固有频率、振型和共振裕度等没有明显变化,表明此优化算法可有效改善叶片的静强度和振动应力分布,且不 会对其他振动特性产生不利影响。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.