超燃冲压发动机燃烧室流动问题的数值验证

基于三维可压缩RANS方程,结合有限速率化学反应模型,发展了一套模拟多组元化 学 反应与湍流流动的计算程序。通过对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内的几种典型流动问题,如横 向喷流问题、后向台阶流动问题和氢／空气化学反应问题进行数值模拟,验证计算程序的可 靠性,将数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比,结果吻合较好。     

旋流器结构参数对燃烧室出口温度分布的影响

采用数值模拟方法研究旋流器的结构参数对中心分级高温升燃烧室出口温度分布性能的影响,结构参数主要是叶片安装的角度和叶片的旋向组合多种方案,再对这些组合方案进行比较,从而选出最优结构。数值计算结果表明:旋流器结构参数对燃烧室出口特性有很大的影响,设计合理的旋流器结构参数对提高燃烧室性能很重要。选取最优的角度组合,第1级为45°,第2级与主燃级为60°;第1级与第2级旋向反向,并且第2级与主燃级旋向一致。     

同轴离心式喷嘴热声不稳定性递归分析

为获得同轴离心式喷嘴燃烧动力学特性,开展了喷注单元稳定性试验研究。试验中燃料流量不变,随氧化剂流量增加,热声系统依次经历了燃烧噪声状态、阵发状态和准周期振荡状态。采用递归方法对实验结果进行分析。首先,利用交互信息法和虚假最邻近法分别求解最优延迟时间和嵌入维数,获得了典型工况下的相空间轨迹图。其次,递归图分析表明系统出现了第II类阵发现象,意味着系统发生了亚临界Hopf分叉,与实验结果一致。最后,递归量化分析表明,确定率可以将阵发状态和准周期振荡状态与燃烧噪声状态区分出来,并可以对热声振荡进行预报。     

同轴离心式喷嘴热声不稳定性递归网络分析

为获得同轴离心式喷嘴燃烧动力学特性,开展了喷注单元稳定性试验研究.试验中随着混合比的增加,系统依次经历了燃烧噪声状态、阵发状态和准周期振荡状态.采用递归网络方法对实验结果进行分析,获得了典型工况下的网络拓扑图.燃烧噪声状态体现出随机特征,阵发状态体现出中央聚集和极限环边界特征,准周期振荡状态体现出宽边界圆环特征.利用网...     

固体火箭超燃冲压发动机补燃室构型的影响分析

针对不同补燃室结构参数对固体火箭超燃冲压发动机补燃室掺混燃烧性能的影响进行研究,分析各级燃烧室的长度与扩张角度对补燃室性能的影响。采用基于密度的二阶迎风格式对补燃室掺混燃烧进行模拟,湍流模型和燃烧模型分别采用SST k-ω模型和涡团耗散模型。结果表明,提高燃烧效率与降低总压损失是相互矛盾的;燃烧效率随燃烧室长度的增加而增大,随燃烧室扩张角度的增加而减小;总压恢复系数随燃烧室长度的增加而减小,随燃烧室扩张角度的增加而增大;一级燃烧室的结构参数对燃烧效率与总压恢复系数的影响最大。当补燃室的总长与出口面积一定时,以发动机的总体性能参数作为补燃室构型的优化目标,对一、二级燃烧室长度与一、三级燃烧室扩张角度进行优化。     

某型冲压燃烧室火焰稳定器布局数值优化研究

为了研究不同火焰稳定器布局对燃烧室流场特征和燃烧性能的影响,对某型亚燃冲压发动机燃烧室的三维湍流燃烧流场进行了数值模拟。文中采用守恒标量的PDF模型处理扩散燃烧问题,喷雾采用离散相模型,在全流场中用拉格朗日方法跟踪离散液滴的运动和输运。计算结果表明,内外圈稳定器轴向间距取1倍槽宽时出口温度分布最均匀,取2倍槽宽时温升效率最高;等槽负荷原则设计具有最优的出口温度均匀性、温升效率和流阻系数。计算结果定性合理,可用于预估不同条件下的燃烧室性能,用于燃烧室优化设计,指导燃烧试验。     

Recent Advances in the Theoretical and Applied Study on Compressible Turbulent Flow over Aerospace Vehicles

This paper focused on the fundamental and applied research of turbulent flows encountered in the hypersonic flight of aerospace vehicles,which take place in the boundary layer and mixing layer.As to the plate boundary layer,LES approach has been used to simulate the flows over compression corners and incident shock waves,revealing that turbulent flows would significantly inhibit the boundary layer separation caused by shock wave-boundary layer interaction(SWBLI).The boundary layer transition over a circular cone has been analyzed through stability analysis and wind-tunnel test,by which the angle-of-attack effect in case of small angle of attack has been studied.Non-linear evolution process and secondary instability structure in the supersonic mixing layer(Mc=0.5) were initially figured out through the study of mixing layer,and knowledge of the flow control mechanism of the boundary layer and mixing enhancement mechanism of the mixing layer has been obtained through this research.Artificial boundary-layer transition technique based on subharmonic resonance has been proposed and applied to the flow control in a scramjet inlet,inhibiting the flow separation of the boundary layer while improving the inlet performance.To guarantee the mixing of kerosene and supersonic airflow in the scramjet combustor,the mixing enhancement method based on subharmonic resonance has been adopted and a concept of combustor with smooth wall and low internal drag has been proposed for ignition and stable combustion.Finally,future turbulence research and technological development of aerospace vehicles is predicted.     

双模态超音速燃烧室的实验研究

本文设计了由等截面段、扩张段和等截面段构成的超音速燃烧室，并进行了燃烧实验。用一维计算分析实验结果，表明由等截面段、扩张段和等截面段构成的超音速燃烧室，通过一定的喷油方式，能按飞行状态可分别实现超音速燃烧和亚音速燃烧，从而达到把超燃冲压发动机的工作范围下限扩大到飞行马赫数为３。     

补燃循环火箭发动机气液同轴式喷嘴声学特性研究

基于经典声学和振动理论,运用流体动力学基本方程描述燃气通道内气体的波动现象,建立了双组元同轴直流离心式气液喷嘴声学特性分析的物理、数学模型,采用四端网络方法进行了计算。对单喷嘴声学模拟试验结果进行了分析。结果表明,所建声学特性分析模型用于分析喷嘴波动过程是可行的;合适的通道长度和节流嘴直径对液氧／煤油补燃循环发动机高频燃烧不稳定性有明显的阻尼作用。     

气-气喷嘴结构分析

对以气氢/气氧为推进剂的同轴剪切、离心和同轴双剪切结构的喷嘴进行设计,分析了这三种结构型式的喷嘴结构尺寸;通过对同轴剪切式和同轴双剪切喷嘴燃烧室流场进行数值模拟,研究喷嘴流量和结构对推进剂燃烧过程的影响。研究结果认为：同轴剪切式喷嘴结构简单;离心式喷嘴的流量系数小且带有旋流室,导致喷嘴的结构尺寸大;同轴双剪切喷嘴使推进剂在燃烧室内形成两个燃烧面,能在大流量下使推进剂达到高的燃烧效率。     

侧向旋转射流进气对固冲发动机性能的影响

采用Reynolds应力方程模型及涡耗散燃烧模型,在不同旋转工况下给定相同进气流量,对侧向进气固冲发动机补燃室湍流反应流场进行了数值计算,得到了燃烧产物的平衡组分、燃烧温度和其他热力学参数,并在此基础上计算了补燃室燃烧效率、发动机推力等参数。数值模拟表明,对于侧向进气固体火箭冲压发动机,在空气射流中引入旋转流动,能有效提高补燃室内的燃烧效率,进一步提高发动机性能。燃烧效率随旋流强度呈先增大、后又减小的规律。采用最佳旋流数的旋转进气后,可使发动机推力提高约2.3%。     

Numerical investigation on cavity structure of solid-fuel scramjet combustor

The influences of miscellaneous combustor structures for solid fuel scramjet combustion on the performance are investigated, including a detailed interaction analysis between shocks/waves and combustion. Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene is chosen as the solid fuel with the non-premixed equilibrium probability density function combustion model. The results show combustion enhancement when structure of combustor is modified. The radical emphasis is to examine the sensitivity of the properties due to variations on the length-to-depth ratio of cavity, aft wall angle, and offset ratio. It is noted that there is an appropriate structure of cavity (L/D=4, θ=45°, and D_d/D_u=1.25–1.5) regarding the combustion efficiency, total pressure loss and specific impulse. The observation of function for combustor components provides instructional insight into the design considerations for a combustor of a solid-fuel scramjet.     

Ignition of fuel sprays by shock wave mathematical modeling and numerical simulation

The paper presents the results of developing of physical and mathematical model making it possible to take into account the effect of droplets non-uniformity in space and size distribution on ignition conditions for fuel sprays. The influence of condensed phase volume fraction on ignition and combustion of sprays was studied, physical and mathematical models for multi-phase flows, mixture formation and combustion of liquid fuels based on solving Navier–Stokes equations for gas phase accounting for thermal and mechanical interaction with poly-dispersed droplets array. The problems of particulate phase dynamics are regarded accounting for the interaction with gas phase atomization, evaporation and combustion.It was shown that depending on droplet size distribution and aerosol cloud density different flow scenarios were possible.Several ignition zones could be formed behind incident shock wave depending on mixture properties and initiation parameters. The possibility of numerical simulation permitting variation of definite parameters only made it possible to explain this fact.     

Numerical investigation on hydrogen combustion in a scramjet with 3D sidewall compression inlet

Numerical simulations were employed to analyze the flowfield of a scramjet with three-dimensional (3D) sidewall compression inlet, and the effect of inlet distortion on the mixing and combustion process was examined. The numerical approach solved the compressible Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations supplemented with a finite rate chemical reacting model for the combustion of hydrogen fuel and air. Turbulence closure was achieved using Menter shear-stress transport (SST) model. To verify the accuracy of the simulation, the computed wall pressure was compared with the experimental data of the direct-connect combustor test. The metrics employed in the simulations included qualitative assessments related to flow structure as well as quantitative values of fuel mixing efficiency, combustion efficiency and static pressure distribution. Intake sidewalls were found to strongly affect the inlet flow structure, which became more complex in the nonuniform flowfield. The shock train system affected the combustion region located upstream of the injection and led to pairs of asymmetric separation bubbles. Nevertheless, the shock train system dissipated due to the reactions, the combustion patterns of each fuel jets in downstream region were nearly identical, and the degree of improvement of mixing and combustion efficiency near the downstream injectors was less than that near the upstream injectors.     

SMC模式下RBCC发动机4Ma工况性能仿真

为研究SMC模式下火箭混合比对RBCC发动机性能的影响规律,完成了氢/氧火箭推力室中心布局、二元定几何结构模型发动机飞行马赫数Ma0=4、高度H=17 km弹道点流场仿真,获得了不同火箭混合比(MR=2、3、4、5、6、8)及燃烧室长度的推力、比冲性能.研究表明:在火箭燃气富燃条件下(MR<8),产生了正的火箭推力增益...     

空气节流对煤油燃料超燃燃烧室燃烧性能影响

采用非定常数值模拟方法研究了空气节流对煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧性能的影响,并研究了节流流量和节流撤去时间对节流效果的影响。在发动机入口马赫数2.0、静温656.5K、静压0.125MPa的条件下,无空气节流时发动机下壁面稳焰失败,壁面压力较低;有空气节流时发动机下壁面燃料稳定燃烧,壁面压力较高。空气节流可以有效地提高发动机的推力性能,可以改变发动机的燃烧模态。随着节流流量和节流撤去时间的增加,燃烧越来越剧烈,壁面压力逐渐升高,可能影响进气道的起动。节流可能促使流场产生振荡现象,通过改变节流流量也可以消除振荡现象。     

空气涡轮火箭发动机内外涵气流掺混研究

通过无化学反应、均匀进气条件下肼单组元空气涡轮火箭发动机混流燃烧室内流场的数值计算,得到了流向涡与正交涡系产生、衰减演变过程及其对内外涵气流掺混效率的影响规律。结果表明,大尺度阵列二次环流诱导形成的流向涡对内外涵气流掺混起主导作用,大波瓣穿透率的斜切波瓣混流器的综合性能较优。结合热试车结果,分析了包括波瓣混流器在内的两类掺混方案的强化掺混效率。分析表明,非均匀进气条件对小尺寸空气涡轮火箭发动机掺混燃烧效率影响很大。     

同轴喷嘴自发激励高频燃烧不稳定性试验研究

为增进对液氧煤油火箭发动机同轴离心喷嘴燃烧不稳定性过程的理解,在大气环境下进行了同轴离心喷嘴的自发激励燃烧不稳定性试验。试验采用单喷嘴敞口模拟燃烧室,高温的氧气和空气混合物从同轴喷嘴的直流喷嘴喷注,高温的煤油蒸气从同轴喷嘴的离心喷嘴喷注。通过逐步改变氧化剂流量使模拟燃烧室内产生自发激励高频燃烧不稳定性,使用脉动压力传感器和黑白高速相机记录稳定和不稳定燃烧工况下的脉动压力和火焰。研究发现：气气同轴离心喷嘴的自发激励高频燃烧不稳定过程呈现“滞后”现象;不稳定工况下的火焰均为脱口火焰,火焰特征长度约等于喷嘴出口到脱口火焰团上沿的距离;气气同轴离心喷嘴燃烧不稳定性的发生原因可以被认为是因混合特征时间与声学特征时间相关。     

Ignition delay time in swirling supersonic flow

Supersonic hydrogen–air cylindrical mixing layer is numerically analyzed to investigate the effect of inlet swirl on ignition delay time in scramjets. Combustion is treated using detailed chemical kinetics. One-equation turbulence model of Spalart and Allmaras is chosen to study the problem and advection upstream splitting method is used as computational scheme. The results show that swirling both fuel and oxidizer streams may drastically decrease the ignition distance in supersonic combustion, unlike using the swirl just in fuel stream which has no helpful effect.     

RBCC亚燃模态点火及火焰稳定研究(英文)

在直联式燃烧试验台上进行了基于机械壅塞的RBCC亚燃模态点火及火焰稳定研究,试验模拟飞行马赫数为2.5,采用扩张型双模态燃烧室和多级JP-10喷注方式。在主火箭工作的情况下,借助发动机出口机械壅塞的方式实现了点火和火焰稳定。同时发现火焰稳定与乙烯引导火焰无关,出口堵塞比是燃烧室压力提升的一个重要影响因素。研究工作为实现基于热力喉道的RBCC亚燃模态稳定高效燃烧提供了良好的基础。