螺旋桨瞬态流场数值模拟

建立完善的螺旋桨绕流理论异常困难,这一方面是由于螺旋桨流场整体旋转性、非定常非线性、三维效应、气流粘性、涡桨干扰等原因;另一方面是螺旋桨流场的流场结构有待于进一步认知。文章采用CFD方法对螺旋桨的瞬态流场结构进行了重点研究,详细绘制了自启动瞬间直至充分发展的螺旋桨瞬态流场结构图及所受气动力的变化图,分析了流场变化特性及其对升力的影响。     

回流燃烧室流动特性试验

为了揭示有/无燃烧状态下燃烧室热态和冷态流场的特征和流动特性,针对某型回流燃烧室单头部试验件,使用粒子图像测速仪（PIV）,测量燃烧室燃烧状态下不同截面处的热态流场,以及没有燃烧状态下不同截面处的冷态流场,探讨不同总压损失系数对回流燃烧室热态/冷态流场特征及流动特性的影响。研究表明:随着总压损失系数的增大,冷态条件下各截面流场结构基本保持不变,如射流孔穿透深度、射流角度、回流区位置及大小、流线等基本保持一致,但是各位置点速度大小逐渐增大。热态条件下各截面流场随着总压损失系数增大,流场结构也基本保持不变;相同总压损失系数时,热态流场与冷态流场存在差异,燃油喷射与气流的相对运动将会对燃烧室头部的流场结构造成影响,速度较冷态流动时略微增大。      

The effect of a magnetic field on stellar pulsations as a singular perturbation problem

The perturbation problem that describes the effect of a weak magnetic field on stellar adiabatic oscillation is considered. This perturbation problem is singular when the magnetic field does not vanish at the stellar surface, and a regular perturbation scheme fails where the magnetic pressure is comparable to the thermodynamic pressure. The application of the Method of Matched Asymptotic Expansion is used to obtain expressions for the eigenfunctions and the eigenfrequencies.     

P70霍尔推力器新型缓冲腔磁路对预电离及放电的影响

为有效利用从P70霍尔推力器放电通道进入缓冲腔的快电子能量,考虑两个磁场特征以提高缓冲腔预电离率。一是提高磁感应强度,二是缓冲腔内从气体分配器到放电通道方向的负梯度。采用FEMM有限元磁场计算软件,在不改变推力器电离和加速通道内优化磁场特征的前提下,设计的新型缓冲腔磁路满足上述磁场特征。放电实验结果表明,在新型缓冲腔磁路下放电电流低频振荡幅值更小。新型磁路有助于延长推力器寿命,有助于电离和加速通道内电离与加速区的分离。     

一种双斜切双压缩面气道性能的数值模拟

采用LU－SGS隐式推进方法及ROE的通量差分分裂格式，结合带非线性限量因子的MUSCL插值方法编写了雷诺平均的三维N－S方程的数值求解程序，并供助该流场计算程序研究了一种双斜切双压缩面进气道在未经流场控制情况下的流动结构和气动性能（M＝1.9,H=11Km）。计算结果表明：所编制的流场计算程序能够准确快速地求解三维粘性流场，并对流场间断具有较高的分辨率；所研究的进气道即使在未经流场控制的情况下也具有较高的总压恢复系数，这体现了双斜切双压缩面进气道总压恢复系数高的优点，但由于流场中存在分离流动，应采取抽吸附面层等流场控制措施。     

Inertial deposition of suspended particles in a flow around a porous cylinder

The results of studying a dispersed airflow around a single porous cylinder are presented. The flow field of carrying medium outside the cylinder is described within the framework of the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible gas; inside the porous cylinder the Darcy-Brinkman extended equations for averaged velocity are used. The numerical solution of the medium equations is achieved in the FLUENT package. In the found field of carrying medium velocities the suspended particle trajectories are calculated. Also given are the dependences of the particle inertial deposition effectiveness on the Stokes number at various values of the Darcy number.     

隔热屏位置对矢量喷管红外特征影响

建立了包括加力燃烧室隔热屏在内的轴对称矢量喷管内外流一体化流场计算模型,重点研究了某涡扇发动机隔热屏位置对矢量喷管扩张段壁温及通过矢量喷管喷口发射的红外辐射强度的影响.结果表明:基于密度求解器求解包含隔热屏在内的矢量喷管内外流一体化的跨声速流场、温度场和质量分数场是成功的;随着隔热屏覆盖喷管收敛段的长度增加,喷管扩张段壁温呈现出先下降而后上升的规律,存在一个最佳的隔热屏位置.最后利用作者提出的离散净辐射法,编制程序计算得到了隔热屏位置对通过喷管喷口发射的红外辐射强度的影响规律.      

冲压发动机燃烧室三维流场数值模拟

采用有限体积法和S IM PLE算法对带V型火焰稳定器的冲压发动机燃烧室流场进行了数值模拟。目的是通过数值模拟得到燃烧室的流场,加以研究,指导实验。计算是在笛卡尔坐标系下进行的,计算中采用标准二方程湍流模型、EDM(Eddy-D issipation-M odal)燃烧模型和P-1辐射模型。得到了燃烧室流场的特征,并讨论了多种因素变化对流场的影响。结果表明,各种因素变化对燃烧室流场有较大的影响。      

弹体穿越平面激波三维非定常流场的数值模拟

用数值方法求解三维非定常可压缩Navier-Stokes方程，计算了复杂弹体在相同马赫数、不同迎角下的流场和气动力特征，计算结果与实验结果吻合，证明本文采用的方法能够准确计算此类复杂流场；然后采用该方法模拟了弹体穿越正激波的非定常过程，得到了弹体周围流场及气动力特征随穿越过程的非定常变化，阻力特征穿越后急剧下降。     

双级旋流器燃烧室的数值模拟

针对所研究的双旋流器的结构特点,采用四面体非结构网格划分方法,生成单、双旋流器头部燃烧室的网格计算模型,对单、双旋流器燃烧室的流场、温场进行了计算,较为详细地分析了双旋流器头部燃烧室的优点.双旋流器燃烧室能改善雾化效果,提高燃烧效率.其计算结果为双旋流器头部燃烧室的设计提供了理论依据.     

三级风扇的三维流场计算

本文运用三维粘性流体计算软件Fine／NUMECA对某三级风扇多个转速下的三维流场进行了计算．并对其第一级三个典型转速进行了单独计算。分析了此风扇在不同转速下的特性变化，重点关注了设计点和近喘振边界工作点的流场特性，并分析了在设计转速时发生喘振的原因。结果表明，此风扇设计为典型的跨声速压气机设计．具有较高的效率，但仍有改进的余地。     

涡轮级轮缘封严内非定常流场的准三维LDV测量

研究涡轮级封严内流动和主流的相互作用、相互影响,进一步认识盘腔内燃气入侵等非定常现象,急需流场实验数据验证。针对轮缘封严内空间狭窄、光路安排困难等问题,本文发展了一种用于测量涡轮级轮缘封严内非定常流场的准三维LDV技术,即测量分两步,首先在机匣上安置二维测速系统用符合方式测出径向、切向速度及湍流度,再在轮毂内安置一维探头重复测量,从两次测量数据中计算出轴向速度;该技术借助锁相采样等技术能测出不同动静叶相对位置情况下封严及盘腔内的周期性非定常流场细节,本文给出了部分典型的动态流场测量结果。      

绕流圆柱的自由表面磁流体流动实验

利用PIV(Particle image velocimetry)光学测量系统,在雷诺数分别为7 767和11 60时,实验研究了磁场对绕流圆柱的自由表面流动的影响.实验研究结果表明,磁场使边界层内的无量纲平均速度分布偏离对数分布,尾迹变窄变短,分离点向后移;当雷诺数增加到11 60时,在相同磁场强度作用下,磁场的影响减弱,从而使边界层内的无量纲平均速度分布偏离对数分布的程度减小.      

多级轴流压气机静子通道三维流场测量

为了实现多级压气机静子叶片通道内部的详细流场测量,设计加工了7根不同长度的"L"型五孔探针以及1根四孔探针。在压气机的设计工作状态,通过采用坐标位移机构带动五孔探针和四孔探针的方法,完成了四级低速大尺寸轴流压气机第3级静子叶片通道内部的7个不同轴向位置的截面上以及静子叶片出口截面上的三维流场测量,获得了静子叶片通道内部的详细流场细节。测量结果显示了通道涡和角涡的生成、发展过程以及两者之间的相互影响。实践表明,采用位移机构带动"L"型五孔探针或其它探针的方法可以应用于多级压气机静子叶片通道内部流场测量。     

Planetary Dynamos from a Solar Perspective

Direct numerical simulations of the geodynamo and other planetary dynamos have been successful in reproducing the observed magnetic fields. We first give an overview on the fundamental properties of planetary magnetism. We review the concepts and main results of planetary dynamo modeling, contrasting them with the solar dynamo. In planetary dynamos the density stratification plays no major role and the magnetic Reynolds number is low enough to allow a direct simulation of the magnetic induction process using microscopic values of the magnetic diffusivity. The small-scale turbulence of the flow cannot be resolved and is suppressed by assuming a viscosity far in excess of the microscopic value. Systematic parameter studies lead to scaling laws for the magnetic field strength or the flow velocity that are independent of viscosity, indicating that the models are in the same dynamical regime as the flow in planetary cores. Helical flow in convection columns that are aligned with the rotation axis play an important role for magnetic field generation and forms the basis for a macroscopic α-effect. Depending on the importance of inertial forces relative to rotational forces, either dynamos with a dominant axial dipole or with a small-scale multipolar magnetic field are found. Earth is predicted to lie close to the transition point between both classes, which may explain why the dipole undergoes reversals. Some models fit the properties of the geomagnetic field in terms of spatial power spectra, magnetic field morphology and details of the reversal behavior remarkably well. Magnetic field strength in the dipolar dynamo regime is controlled by the available power and found to be independent of rotation rate. Predictions for the dipole moment agree well with the observed field strength of Earth and Jupiter and moderately well for other planets. Dedicated dynamo models for Mercury, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, which assume stably stratified layers above or below the dynamo region, can explain some of the unusual field properties of these planets.     

Determination of a soundproofing capacity of the model aircraft fuselage compartment

The results of experimental laboratory studies of an acoustic field inside the stiffened shell are presented; the shell simulates an aircraft fuselage compartment under its excitation by a diffusion sound field. The soundproofing capacity of the model compartment under diffusion excitation is experimentally evaluated.     

Design of a Correlator for Real-Time Video Comparisons

The problem of locating a reference image within a larger image using a correlation technique is discussed. Although the particular application discussed is that of locating a reference image obtained from one video sensor or a photograph, within the larger field of view obtained from a second video sensor in real time (i.e., at the TV field rate), the results are general and useful for a number of applications. The tradeoffs necessary to obtain real time correlat are discussed and their effect on correlation accuracy is given.     

双旋流器单头部模型燃烧室冷态流场试验

利用PIV(Particle image velocimetry)技术对双轴向反旋旋流器、单头部、矩形模型燃烧室内的冷态流场进行了试验研究.分析了燃烧室的纵向截面、横向截面上的流场结构以及旋流器参数对回流区尺寸的影响.研究结果表明:双旋流燃烧室的流场为不规则的结构,中心轴上下两个涡不对称,各主燃孔气流穿透深度也不相同,流场中存在流向涡;减小一级旋流器流通面积、旋流数,或增大二级旋流器的旋流数,可增大回流区的尺寸,而增大二级旋流器流通面积,回流区的尺寸会减小.      

大迎角下俯仰振荡对细长体气动特性的影响

通过对头部无扰动和有扰动的两个细长体模型进行数值计算,分析了各个流场中涡系结构和气动力变化历程,并对比两者之间的差别.发现在高频率小振幅的俯仰振荡作用下,头部无扰动和有扰动的细长体的流场随时间的发展慢慢由非对称转变为对称.相对于头部有扰动的细长体,在第一个振荡周期内非定常俯仰运动对头部无扰动的细长体作用更明显.     

Optimum design of a three-axis magnetic field simulator

This paper deals with the design of a three-axis magnetic field simulator for space applications. The simulator main goal is to reproduce, in an assigned volume about its geometrical center, a magnetic field vector with assigned uniformity and time behavior. To this end, different geometrical configurations, in terms of coil shape, dimension, number and distance, are analyzed. Results show that an optimum configuration, in terms of test volume dimensions and maximum power consumption, can be found