Noise Performance of a Gated Phase-Locked Loop

The objectives of this paper are two. The first is to show that a gated phase-locked loop (GPLL) is a tracking device whose operation approximates that of a maximum likelihood estimator of the phase of a pulsed sinusoid imbedded in noise. The second is to determine the behavior of theb loop in the presence of noise. It is found that the loop performance is equivalent to that of a continuous phase-locked loop driven by the same noise, plus a continuous sinusoid which has the same power as the pulsed sinusoid at the input of the GPLL.     

建筑施工噪声对环境影响调查分析

通过对建筑施工噪声源的调查和分析，并对施工过程中各种施工机械的使用所产生噪声的规律进行归纳，同时结合各功能区内的敏感人群在不同位置、不同时段受施工噪声的影响情况，对施工噪声发生规律、受纳入群、影响范围进行系统分析，从而对施工噪声污染源进一步全面了解，提出了适应现阶段技术水平和实际情况的防治对策，以便能更主动的、有效的对建筑施工实施环境管理。     

客机发动机转子噪声主动控制研究

基于飞机结构的振动信号和舱内噪声信号,采用FXLMS(Filtered-x Least Mean Square)算法设计主动降噪系统对发动机转子引起的飞机客舱内噪声进行区域化降噪控制.首先对主动降噪技术的基本原理以及采用的算法进行了阐述和推导;然后对客舱中布置的麦克风及振动传感器采集到的舱内噪声和结构振动信号进行分析,...     

确定相干机器多噪声源位置的方法研究

提出利用均匀线阵接收的数据构造一种矩阵进行奇异值（SVD）分解,以实现对相干噪声源的方位估计。利用这种方法,通过改变阵列中心位置便可确定机器多噪声源位置。计算机模拟和声学实验证实了这种方法的可行性。     

微机械梳状驱动音叉陀螺的误差源研究

定性地讨论了微机械梳状驱动音叉陀螺特有的一些误差源,主要有微机械结构的 Ｂｒｏｗ ｎｉａｎ 噪声、电路噪声、机械耦合误差及电子机械耦合误差等。对上述误差源的认识是微结构制造和电路设计的基础。     

Hard-Limiter Output Autocorrelation Function: Gaussian & Sinusoidal Input

An expression is derived for the autocorrelation function of the output of a hard limiter whose input is stationary Gaussian noise with zero mean plus independent random-phase sinusoidal signal. The output spectrum may then be evaluated. This spectrum is extremely useful in understanding the properties of a filter-limit-filter-detect signal processor whose signal input is an actual sinusoid, or when a sinusoid is used as a test signal.     

基于压缩感知的信源个数与信号参数估计算法

信源个数与信号参数估计是盲信号处理的关键环节,对后续信号的侦察处理意义重大。针对当前盲信号信源个数与信源参数估计研究割裂的问题,提出了一种联合估计算法。通过分析信号的稀疏系数在不同测量矩阵相同稀疏字典下位置相同的特点,提高了信源个数和信号参数的估计精度,实现算法的自适应控制;通过数理分析确定了多级搜索策略的最优级次,大大降低了稀疏字典的原子数目。仿真结果表明：算法在一定信噪比下能够实现信源个数和信号参数的有效估计;信源个数和信号参数的估计精度随着压缩比的降低而逐渐提高,随着信噪比的提高而逐步增强;噪声对信源个数和信号参数估计精度的影响很大,尤其是低信噪比下;第2个信源载波频率和调频斜率的估计误差明显高于第1个信源参数的估计误差。     

增益幅度不同时信号二维方向角和多普勒频率的盲估计

 在各阵元增益幅度不一致的条件下,提出了一种起伏目标的二维方向角和多普勒频率盲估计的新方法。此方法在各阵元增益幅度不一致的条件下,仍可获得很好的估计性能,并能应用于各个信号的频率相同的场合。且具有对噪声不敏感,不需进行谱峰搜索,适用范围广等特点。仿真结果表明了此算法的有效性。     

大型客机前起落架气动噪声源三维阵列识别技术研究

起落架噪声作为现代大型飞机机体噪声在起降阶段的主要贡献成分,其噪声机理较为复杂,涉及到钝体湍流涡脱落噪声、腔体部件空腔噪声以及起落架舱腔体与支柱柱体之间的非线性耦合噪声。由于起落架中存在复杂的三维流场以及声波的反射和绕射会产生噪声,而二维麦克风阵列在垂向的分辨率较差,无法获得声源完整且准确的三维空间分布信息,因此采用三维麦克风阵列技术对起落架噪声进行研究。使用3D Beamforming算法(波束成形算法)和3D CLEAN-SC算法(空间相干的洁净算法)结合同步测量和非同步测量的方式实现了对模拟信号和实际测量数据所得频谱中特定的离散声进行声源识别定位,并在北航D5低速风洞进行开口段气动噪声实验,以1/2缩比的LAGOON起落架为研究对象,在过顶和流向方向布置两组平面阵列,构成三维阵列进行同步和非同步的噪声测量,确定了起落架中主要噪声源的位置,对认知噪声机理提供了新的借鉴和思考。     

民用飞机增升装置气动噪声学风洞试验初步研究

采用模拟退火法阵列优化设计技术设计了对数螺旋麦克风阵列,开发了基于“波束成型理论冶的阵列试验数据处理软件。将风洞麦克风相阵列噪声识别技术用于SCCH模型增升装置气动噪声研究,开展了增升装置气动噪声源的远场定位探测和强度测量,并用数据处理软件对风洞试验数据进行处理。试验结果表明,随着观察频率的变化缝翼噪声声源的位置与强度会发生变化,襟翼侧缘噪声是一个宽频噪声,不同频率下其强度分布存在差异。同时也发现缝翼安装支架对缝翼和襟翼气动噪声声源有较大影响。文中也给出了多种工况下缝翼和襟翼噪声源分布。     

Eigenanalysis for interference cancellation with minimum redundancy array structure

In a previous work, the principles of the eigenanalysis method for interference cancellation was studied for uniform regular array (URA) structure, wherein the array elements are equally spaced. The main objective of this paper is to extend the results of that work to adaptive arrays with different geometry termed "minimum redundancy array" (MRA). An efficient method is presented to solve the minimum variance optimization problem and explicit analytical solutions are derived for the optimal weight vector and output noise variance of the eigencanceler. Performance analysis of the general N-element array was first derived and used to extract the performance of MRA. URA is also considered as a special case. The closed-form equation depicts the minimum variance noise residue for the single interference case, while an interactive procedure is suggested for the two interferences case. If there are more than two interferences, we propose to use direct numerical calculation.     

Error Analysis for Relay Type Satellite-Aided Search and Rescue Systems

An analysis is made of the errors in the determination of the position of an emergency transmitter in a satellite-aided search and rescue system. The satellite is assumed to be at a height of 820 km in a near-circular near polar orbit. Short data spans of four minutes or less are used. The error sources considered are measurement noise, transmitter frequency drift, ionospheric effects, and error in the assumed height of the transmitter. The errors are calculated for several different transmitter positions, data rates, and data spans. The only transmitter frequency used was 406 MHz, but the result can be scaled to different frequencies.     

基于模态发生器的进气道风扇噪声及声衬降噪实验

为研究发动机进气道风扇噪声特性及声衬降噪效果,使用模态发生器提供声源,采用固定麦克风阵列和旋转扫描耙装置测量进气道内噪声信号,进而利用周向和径向模态分解方法得到声模态幅值,对影响模态分解结果的关键因素进行了研究.对周向模态在时域内进行分解,得到幅值和相位的时变特性.最后完成了2套声衬实验件降噪效果测试.结果表明:模态发...     

基于旋转轴向阵列的风扇宽频噪声实验

航空发动机降噪研究迫切需要一种叶轮机械管道内宽频噪声测量方法来指导降噪设计。本文通过对阵列测量的声压信号进行互相关分析,得到管道内顺流和逆流传播的模态声功率结果。安装在风扇实验台进口段的传声器阵列由2排周向间隔180°的轴向阵列组成,每排阵列有14个等间距的传声器。阵列安装在可周向旋转的测量段上,实验中测量段每隔6°旋转一次,共获得840个测点位置的声场信号。结果表明入射波与反射波最大可相差10dB。模态分解结果表明,转静干涉模态是转子通过频率及其谐频处的主导模态。利用不同参考信号计算出的声场结果相同,说明该实验测试方法对参考信号位置没有特殊要求,进一步说明该方法有很好的适用性。     

Postfiltering in Digital Beamformers

Assuming a sinusoidal signal superimposed on a narrow-band Gaussian noise as the input to a receiving array, the output power and signal-to-noise ratio of a digital beamformer with postfiltering were formulated so that subsequent calculations could be made without an analysis in the frequency domain. The formulation utilized the quantizer functions previously given by the author and certain spectral power distribution factors originally attributed to Davenport but more rigorously derived and discussed in the present work. A numerical study based on this formulation for a DIMUS array in a correlated noise field reveals that except for certain rare circumstances, postfiltering generally improves the output SNR or array gain. It is demonstrated that the amount of postfiltering gain not only varies with array input SNR but also depends strongly upon the spacing-to-wavelength ratio, and its meaningful interpretation can only be made in conjunction with both the clipping and noise correlation losses. In particular, balancing postfiltering gain against the two losses suggests that receiving arrays with element spacings smaller than one-half of the operating wavelength may be used to the advantage of system design under certain conditions.     

基于CEEMDAN降噪与双谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承早期故障信号中的噪声成分会影响到故障特征的提取。为了提高含噪故障信号中滚动轴承早期故障特征提 取的准确性，将基于自适应噪声的完备经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）用于滚动轴承振动信号的降噪中，并对降噪后的轴承故障信号 进行双谱分析。结果表明：CEEMDAN可有效去除轴承振动信号中的低频噪声干扰，经CEEMDAN降噪后的不同轴承故障信号的 双谱全局图存在明显差异，根据这些差异可在宏观上对不同轴承故障加以区分；通过经CEEMDAN降噪后的不同轴承故障信号的 双谱细节图可以正确提取不同轴承故障的特征频率，从而实现对各轴承故障的有效诊断。CEEMDAN降噪结合双谱分析可为滚 动轴承故障诊断提供一种新的有效方法。     

空间三轴激光陀螺高精度抖动剥除算法研究CSCD

激光陀螺的输出信号中包涵外界输入角速度、机械抖动角速度两部分信息,机械抖动角速度是一个叠加了一定噪声的标准正弦振动。针对空间三轴机抖激光陀螺仪,提出了一种高精度的新型正弦抖动信号滤除算法,通过自适应陷波器和有限冲击响应数字滤波器的组合,能极大地衰减激光陀螺仪零偏输出波形中的正弦分量,实现外界输入信号的高精度准确提取。实验结果表明,该抖动剥除算法效果显著,在保证快速响应外界输入的条件下能够实现高精度地提取角速度信号,可有效降低惯性系统的成本和复杂度,进而提高产品质量可靠性,具有很强的工程实用价值。     

线性极化敏感阵列的极化平滑算法及相干源参数估计

 研究了基于极化敏感阵列的相干信号参数估计问题。首先,提出一种利用均匀线性极化敏感阵列的新型极化平滑算法(ULAPSA),其能够处理更多相干信号的参数估计,且具有更小的计算量。然后,基于ULAPSA给出了波达方向（DOA）和极化参数估计的两种方法：第1种方法利用角度搜索得到信号的DOA估计,适应任何多分量的电磁矢量传感器阵列;第2种方法结合传播算子算法,无需奇异值分解和角度搜索,能够同时估计信号的DOA和极化参数。该方法适应完备的电磁矢量传感器、三偶极子或三磁环构成的矢量传感器。最后,通过仿真实验比较和分析了所提算法的性能。     

Directivity-Bandwidth Limitations on Retrodirective Data Links

In a retrodirective array, frequencies differing from the pilot signal retrodirect at different angles from that of the pilot. For the retrodirected beamwidth to cover the reception point over the desired bandwidth, the product of directivity and fractional bandwidth squared cannot exceed a maximum value. This value is dependent only upon the angular retrodirection range, with smaller angular ranges allowing a higher product. For example, a ±30 degree angular range and 5 percent bandwidth allows 36-dB directivity.     

Average Monopulse Angle Tracking Response to Two Unresolved Sources

Theoretical equations for the average monopulse ratio response of a monopulse seeker, when tracking in angle two unresolved sources, have been applied to the case where the two sources may be either both passive, both active, or one passive and the other active. The theoretical results for four particular cases of two-source targets are derived to illustrate the effect on the average angular response of the shape of the sum pattern and of the statistical properties and magnitude and separation of the two sources. The theoretical results are verified with the results of digital computer simulation.