Professional environment for knowledge workers: engineers'responsibilities

It is argued that knowledge workers, and engineers in particular, constitute one of society's more indispensable human resources in this technological era. The environment in which engineers work is examined, both on the job and in society as a whole, with particular regard to the relatively poor status that engineering has. It is suggested that this will improve only when engineers become involved in an effort to make desirable changes     

Professional environment for knowledge workers: employers'responsibilities

Knowledge workers, including engineers and computer professionals, are recognized as being among the most valuable assets of high-technology employers. The employers' responsibilities in establishing and maintaining a mutually rewarding relationship are discussed. The value of adequate facilities, tools, and support personnel for ensuring competitive productivity by knowledge workers is considered. The employers' responsibility for assisting knowledge workers in avoiding technical obsolescence through programs to maintain technical competence is examined. The total compensation package is discussed along with alternate career paths to be made available. The responsibility of the employer to maintain high moral and ethical standards is stressed     

ISE: intelligent synthesis environment for future aerospace systems

The Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE) being developed by NASA, UVA, and JPL for significantly enhancing the rapid creation of innovative affordable products and missions is described. ISE uses a synergistic combination of leading-edge technologies, including high-performance computing, high-capacity communications and networking, virtual product development, knowledge-based engineering, computational intelligence, human-computer interaction, and product information management. The environment will link scientists, design teams, manufacturers, suppliers, and consultants who participate in the mission synthesis, as well as in the creation and operation of the aerospace system. It will radically advance the process by which complex science missions are synthesized, and high-tech engineering systems are designed, manufactured, and operated. The evolution of engineering design is described along with the shortcomings of current product development techniques. The need for ISE to create high-science payoff missions and aerospace systems at affordable costs is discussed. The five major components critical to ISE and some of their sub-elements are described: namely, human-ISE interaction; infrastructure for distributed collaboration; rapid synthesis and simulation tools; intelligent life-cycle system integration; and cultural change in the creative process. Related government and industry programs are outlined and future impact of ISE on complex missions and aerospace systems is discussed.     

Night vision devices for ground environment

The PM N-V/RSTA is procuring the Driver's Vision Enhancer (DVE) thermal imaging system for use in combat and tactical wheeled vehicles. The DVE uses uncooled forward looking infrared technology compared to the I² technology currently in the field. During the development of the DVE several issues were raised regarding how specific aspects of system design were related to driver performance. As a result, DCS Corporation developed a data collection effort to provide the DVE project leader with needed performance data that could act as a foundation for making program decisions     

Foreword: Advances in space environment research

Space Science Reviews -     

校园网环境下高校MIS建设中的若干非技术因素

高校管理信息系统 (MIS)是一个基于Intranet的人 -机系统 ,其中非技术因素对MIS的影响至关重要。目前 ,对高校MIS的认识大多为重技术 ,轻管理 ;重开发 ,轻维护 ;重计算机 ,轻人员 ,针对上述原因 ,开展对高校MIS建设中的若干非技术因素进行探讨 ,提出了在高校MIS建设中的管理重组问题和人的问题等     

Gas-rich meteorites: Probes for particle environment and dynamical processes in the inner solar system

The discovery in the early sixties of precompaction solar wind irradiation records in the gas-rich meteorites opened up the possibility of studying the solar activity at different epochs in the distant past. Subsequent studies in several meteorites have led to the discovery of the precompaction records of irradiation of constituent grains by solar wind, solar flare and galactic cosmic ray particles. There are also microcraters resulting from their collisions with interplanetary dust grains. Analyses of these records and their observed similarity with those found in the lunar samples led to the hypothesis that the precompaction records in individual components of these meteorites were imprinted while they were residing in the near surface region of their parent bodies, most probably the asteroids. Although the asteroids are the most plausible candidates for the parent bodies of gas-rich meteorites, there exist certain dynamical arguments which tend to favor a cometary origin in certain cases. Also, recent studies indicate that in the case of gas-rich carbonaceous chondrites solar flare irradiation of grains may have occurred prior to formation of the parent bodies.In this review we summarize the significant advances that have taken place in the multi-disciplinary studies (petrography, chemistry, and radiation effects) of the gas-rich meteorites and critically evaluate the present state of our knowledge regarding the origin and evolution of the gas-rich meteorites. The information on the spatial and temporal variations in the interplanetary radiation and particle fluxes, obtained from the analysis of precompaction irradiation records in these meteorites is presented and further studies in certain specific topics are suggested for resolving some of the unsolved problems.     

Systematic methods for knowledge acquisition and expert systemdevelopment [for combat aircraft]

Nine cooperating rule-based systems, collectively called AUTOCREW which were designed to automate functions and decisions associated with a combat aircraft's subsystems, are discussed. The organization of tasks within each system is described; performance metrics were developed to evaluate the workload of each rule base and to assess the cooperation between the rule bases. Simulation and comparative workload results for two mission scenarios are given. The scenarios are inbound surface-to-air-missile attack on the aircraft and pilot incapacitation. The methodology used to develop the AUTOCREW knowledge bases is summarized. Issues involved in designing the navigation sensor selection expert in AUTOCREW's NAVIGATOR knowledge base are discussed in detail. The performance of seven navigation systems aiding a medium-accuracy inertial navigation system (INS) was investigated using Kalman filter covariance analyses. A navigation sensor management (NSM) expert system was formulated from covariance simulation data using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and the ID3 algorithm     

Knowledge-based system for multi-target tracking in a littoral environment

The paper addresses how to efficiently exploit the knowledge-base (KB), e.g. environmental maps and characteristics of the targets, in order to gain improved performance in the tracking of multiple targets via measurements provided by a ship-borne radar operating in a littoral environment. In this scenario, the nonhomogeneity of the surveillance region makes the conventional tracking systems (not using the KB) very sensitive to false alarms and/or missed detections. It is demonstrated that an effective use of the KB can be exploited at various levels of the tracking algorithms so as to significantly reduce the number of false alarms, missed detections, and false tracks and improve true target track life. The KB is exploited at two different levels. First, some key parameters of the tracking system are made dependent upon the track location, e.g., sea, land, coast, meteo zones (i.e., zones affected by meteorological phenomena) etc. Second, modifications are introduced to cope with a priori identified regions nit hi high clutter density (e.g. littoral areas, roads, meteo zones etc.). To evaluate the behavior of the proposed knowledge-based tracking systems, extensive results are presented using both simulated and real radar data     

A technique for enhanced slant range resolution for SAR systems inknowledge-based environment

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an airborne (or spaceborne) radar mapping technique for generating high resolution maps of surface target areas including terrain. High resolution is achieved by coherently combining the returns from a number of radar transmissions. The resolution of the images is determined by the parameters of the emissions, with more data giving greater resolution. A requirement of the Microwave Radar Division's SAR radar is to provide classification of targets. This paper presents a technique for enhancing slant range resolution in SAR images by dithering the carrier centre frequency of the transmitted signal. The procedure controls the radar waveforms so they will optimally perform the classification function, rather than provide an image of best quality. It is shown that a Knowledge-Based engineering approach to determining the waveform of the radar gives considerably improved performance as a classifier of targets (of large radar cross-section), even though the corresponding image is degraded     

一种P2P环境下的信任值计算算法

P2P环境下的信任反映的是一个节点对另一个节点信誉以及能力的综合评价。现有的信任模型多采用算术平均的方法来综合计算信誉,易受到不公正评价行为的攻击。为此提出了一种基于信誉的信任值计算算法。该算法考虑了信誉的时间衰减特点,使用内容兴趣相似度衡量节点推荐的信誉,并将信誉与其它相关因素综合得出信任值。仿真实验及分析表明,采用本算法的信任管理模型能抵御恶意评价的攻击,相比已有的信任模型能更为准确地计算信誉值。     

统计学习与知识发现

知识发现是将知识从隐性转化为显性的一个过程,它是知识管理的重要组成部分.为此阐述了利用统计学习的知识发现方法,以及统计学习中主要使用的分类学习,并强调了使用数据驱动指导知识构建的合理性和优越性,最后结合实例分析了几个主要的统计学习方法及其应用.     

烧蚀环境下的圆柱绕流计算模型

基于多学科理论建立了高温高压气流环境下圆柱烧蚀、剥蚀的数理模型。利用离散涡方法计算流场与圆柱表面压力分布;采用三方程烧蚀模型计算热化学控制机制下的烧蚀速率,并将其与扩散控制机制下的结果相比较以确定烧蚀量;引入颗粒轨道模型求解剥蚀颗粒的运动。基于该模型对高温高压燃烧室内圆柱形烧蚀试件的绕流场、烧蚀量以及剥蚀颗粒的运动轨迹进行了编程计算分析。研究表明:低雷诺数条件下烧蚀环境对绕流流场的影响不大,而较高雷诺数条件下烧蚀绕流流场与无烧蚀绕流流场的涡街分布存在显著差别;在低雷诺数条件下流场对烧蚀速率的影响甚微,较高雷诺数条件下烧蚀速率略大于无流场烧蚀情况;涡量的存在决定着剥蚀颗粒的运动轨迹与分布,进而影响尾流热场与烧蚀速率。该模型可为热防护材料的烧蚀实验提供参考,并为烧蚀、剥蚀过程的非线性分析提供数据支持。     

基于多场耦合的飞行器热环境数值分析方法研究

新一代高超声速飞行器的发展给防热设计问题带来严峻挑战。根据飞行器热环境多场耦合特性,提出了一种基于多场耦合的热环境数值分析策略,并在此基础上发展了基于Navier-Stokes方程的流场CFD分析程序,通过有效的界面数据传递算法,实现了与结构有限元热分析软件的耦合,形成了基于流场与结构耦合传热的飞行器热环境多场耦合数值分析方法。以典型圆管前缘为计算模型进行了程序验证,并对稳态和非稳态飞行环境下的流场与结构耦合传热特征和规律进行了数值分析研究。结果分析表明,该方法能够有效地刻画流场与结构之间的耦合传热特征和规律,预测和分析飞行器热环境的空间和时间分布特性,从而可为防热设计的选材和优化提供可靠的参考依据和分析手段。     

Wind detection in a microcosm: Ship/aircraft environment sensors

One of the most demanding aspects of a Navy helicopter pilot's job is landing his aircraft on the flight deck of a pitching, rolling, heaving and yawing ship. The complex airwake velocity field associated with the ship and aircraft interface directly affects the pilot's ability to control the aircraft during takeoff, approach, hover, landing, and deck operations. Dynamic Interface (DI) testing is performed to define safe aircraft operational envelopes; however, not all conditions can be realized within the limited test period and asset/condition availability. In addition, exact wind conditions that affect the aircraft cannot be measured with existing wind sensors. These sensors measure wind in the ship's mast area which does not represent the wind flow field encountered by the aircraft. A means of non-intrusively measuring the appropriate wind data is required. This paper presents an overview of the unique aspects of the ship/aircraft interface, the overall naval DI environment and the sensor requirements for measuring this complex environment     

我国民航管制员职业化培养存在的问题与对策浅析

在民航大发展的背景下,我国民航管制员的数量少、分布不均、结构不合理、需求增多等问题逐渐显现,现有的管制员培养方式已经很难适应民航的快速发展。通过调查分析民航管制员选拔与培养中存在招生体制不健全、选拔形式单一、缺乏针对性培养等问题,提出统一化选拔标准以及双向选择的培养模式等建议和对策。     

Using LabVIEW to provide rapid prototyping environment for theteaching of avionics systems

This paper describes a simulation environment which has been used to teach the fundamental principles of Avionics Systems to students of Systems Engineering at Loughborough University of Technology. A versatile model of a Radar System is detailed as an example and its attributes from a teaching perspective are highlighted. The generic nature of the environment is also described, as is its position within the systems life cycle     

加强师资队伍建设是高职高专院校发展的关键

在分析综合我省高职高专师资队伍建设目标、现状的基础上 ,指出了存在的问题 ,并有针对性地谈了解决途径和方法