Performance limits of sensor-scheduling strategies in electronic support

The case is considered in which a frequency-agile receiver (FAR) for electronic support (ES) attempts to intercept radar emissions over a wide search bandwidth. It was recently shown [1,2] that a random strategy exists in which the expected intercept time can be made arbitrarily close to linear as a function of the scan period of the radar. Can a deterministic strategy be devised in which a similar linear relationship exists for the maximum intercept time? By applying the celebrated arithmetic results of van der Waerden [3] and Szemeredi [4], we show that no such strategy is possible.     

Analysis of shells of revolution under symmetrical loading using the quadrature method

The application of the quadrature method [1] to analyzing the shells of revolution under symmetrical loading relative to the zero meridian is considered. The method can be treated as a generalization of the method presented in [2] to solve the Volterra integral equation of the second kind.     

发动机支点柔性圆周炭石墨密封材料PV值试验

根据高空长航时航空发动机支点柔性圆周炭石墨密封材料的实际服役工况,从高摩擦线速度（60～130 m/s）、轻载（30～400 kPa）和温度（25～600 ℃）的角度出发,自主设计动态试验测试台,评测国内部分现役机型用炭石墨密封材料的PV值,并通过装机论证PV值试验的可行性。试验结果表明:采用80 m/s恒速,逐级增加载荷测得XX1#-1、XX2#-1、XX3#-1、XX4#-1和XX5#-1的许用[PV]值分别为4.8、5.9、6.9、9.1、12.3 MPa·m/s。采用300 kPa定载,逐级增加线速度测得XX2#-2、XX3#-2、XX4#-2和XX5#-2的许用[PV]值分别为6.0、8.0、10.0、12.0 MPa·m/s。经某研究所装机论证发现当试验样的许用[PV]值小于发动机的许用[PV]值时,易出现异常磨损,并伴随燃气泄漏;当试验样的许用[PV]值大于发动机的许用[PV]值时,能为发动机支点炭石墨密封材料选型提供材料特性数据,为发动机炭石墨密封材料的研究提供鉴别方法。此外,该试验方法将大大节约发动机用石墨封严材料选型的时间成本、人力成本和上机论证经费的投入成本。      

Sampling Bandpass Signals

In a recent paper [1], Brown examined the sampling of a real finiteenergy bandpass signal having an (angular) bandwidth ? (in radians per second) at the theoretically minimum (average) rate of ?/? samples per second. Following Grace and Pitt's [2] quadrature sampling, a particular case of Kohlenberg's second-order sampling [3, 4], Brown has proved the feasibility of a separate interpolation of the in-phase and quadrature components of the signal when ?o = k?/2 (Brown's condition), where ?o is the center (angular) frequency of the signal and k is an arbitrary positive integer. Here the problem is reconsidered from a general point of view, introducing, under Brown's condition, an interpolation formula which includes that of Grace and Pitt and which extends a theorem of Populis [5-7]. We indicate the necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain a separate interpolation, offering closed formulas to obtain the interpolation functions. We also discuss the minimum oversampling rate needed whenBrown's condition is not verified.     

基于刚度降模型的复合材料层合板疲劳寿命估算

基于有限元方法,把层合板的疲劳失效看作是单元刚度退化、应力重新分布和单元损伤不断累积的动态过程,提出了一种复合材料层合板疲劳寿命估算方法。利用MSC．Patran／Nastran建立了层合板有限元模型,进行了[0/90]4S和[-60／0／60]3S两种铺层方式的数值分析,静强度和疲劳寿命预测值与文献中的试验结果吻合较好。     

Sensitivity Analysis of Finite-Lag Receivers

This paper presents the sensitivity analysis of a class of receivers called finite-lag receivers, introduced by the authors in [1] through [3]. Since these receivers are based on the use of fixed-lag smoothing techniques, algorithms for the calculation of large-scale and small-scale sensitivities of fixed-lag smoothing are derived using a state augmentation approach. Steady-state analysis of these algorithms shows that an explicit relation can be obtained between sensitivity coefficients of fixed-lag smoothing and filtering. The specific case of sensitivity to variations in the measurement (channel) noise is considered as an example. These results are applied to study the sensitivity performance of the finite-lag receivers for analog communication. It is shown, for example, that finite-lag receivers for AM signals, besides being superior in performance [1]-[3], [11], in terms of output SNR or error variance, are also much less sensitive to the additive noise power level, compared to zero-lag receivers.     

复合材料层板等强最优设计方法

 本文对复合材料无矩对称层板的最优设计,提出了一种概念直观、方法简便、收敛迅速、效果较好的等强最优设计方法。给出了几个算例的结果,并与文献[1、2]的方法作了对比,结果表明,本文的方法具有显著的优越性。     

受三点,四点弯曲半圆形单边裂纹SIF的研究

本文提出用以确定就力强度因子的一个新的由光弹性与权函数两种方法相结合的混合法，用此方法经济有效地求解了含单边裂纹半圆形板受三点及四点弯曲时的应力强度因子，并与和了比较，二者符合良好。同时还分别给出了应力强度因子随载荷位置和裂纹长度变化的情况。本方法为断裂力学的研究和工程应用提供了一个有效的手段。     

A problem of control optimization of the laminar boundary layer on a circular cylinder

A problem of minimizing friction resistance in the supersonic flow around a straight circular cylinder at the expense of gas injection into the boundary layer is considered. The problem is stated for the approximating system of equations of the laminar boundary layer [1] and the variational problem is solved by the successive approximation method of the Picard type. The analytical formula for determining the optimal injection law is derived and the results of the computational experiment are presented.     

函数的Fourier级数展开

探讨了把定义在区域[-l，l]上的任意可积函数展成Fourier级数的各种形式并示以典型的算例。结果表明函数各种以无穷Fourier级数表达的展式是等价的。然而，以有限和形式表达的各种展式的精度有差别。因此，当把一个函数展成Fourier级数时，既要考虑可能的展开形式，又要考虑展开式的精度，力求二者之间的最佳选择。     

固体火箭发动机喷管喉衬应力场的有限元法计算

本文对固体火箭发动机复合结构喷管石墨喉衬在燃气压力和变温载荷作用下的二维应力场,采用有限元法进行了分析、计算。提供了该方法的力学模型与基本方法和算例。计算中考虑了材料的方向性。为了节约计算机内存,整体结构刚度矩阵[K]采用了变带宽压缩存贮法。为了验证理论计算结果的准确性,还与实验结果进行了对比,两者基本符合。     

含孔层合板考虑边界效应的拉伸强度分析

1.引言 早在1974年和1975年Whitney与Nuismer就提出了预测含孔层合板拉伸强度的点应力准则和平均应力准则,他们假定的某一特征长度是与材料性能有关系。1977年Karlak只就准各向同性碳/环氧层合板的两种铺层顺序在特征长度中引进了考虑铺层顺序影响的     

A Note on Satellite Dynamics

It is demonstrated here that inertial differentiation of angular momentum-is independent of the choice of the moving reference coordinate system. The results agree with Greensite [1] and contradict Sen's results [2] by indicating a basic error in his derivation. However, Sen's step [2] is correct.     

Comments on "on Probability of Error in Decision Feedback Equalizer"

The above-mentioned paper [1] derives bounds on the error probability of a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) which are claimed to be significantly tighter than the earlier upper bound of [2]. Unfortunately, [1] makes an unsupportable assumption which reddars the conclusions incorrect. We show that valid bounds can be obtained by the methods of [1], but that for the numerical example of [2] , the resulting upper bound is never tighter than, and sometimes significantly weaker than, that derived in [2]. Similarly, a lower bound derived by the method of [1] is shown for the same numerical example to be very close to the error-free past lower bound previously known.     

In-Flight Alignment and Calibration of Inertial Measurement Units?Part II: Experimental Results

This is the second part of a two-part paper which summarizes work pursued by the author in 1967 [2]. The paper describes the application of minimum-variance estimation techniques for in-flight alignment and calibration of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) relative to another IMU and/or some other reference. The first paper [1] formulates the problem, and this paper reports numerical results and analyses. The approach taken is to cast the problem into the framework of Kalman-Bucy estimation theory, where velocity and position differences between the two IMU's are used as observations and the IMU parameters of interest become part of the state vector. Instrument quantization and computer roundoff errors are considered as measurement noise, and environmental induced random accelerations are considered as state noise. In this paper, numerical results for three important IMU error parameter configurations are presented and discussed. The main results of the paper determine the effects of state and observation noise levels and the nominal trajectory on the identifications of the errors for these configurations. A discussion of the minimum number of trajectory maneuvers and of the optimal trajectory maneuvering is given.     

Fluctuating Target Detection in Clutter Using Sidelobe Blanking Logic

In an earlier paper, Maisel [6] considered two-channel detection systems using a sidelobe blanking logic when a nonfluctuating target was present. This paper is an extension of the earlier work to include fluctuating targets. The Swerling I, II, III, and IV models are considered when single-pulse detection is of interest. An adaptive threshold procedure is also briefly discussed whereby the probability of false alarm at any given resolution cell is maintained constant, even though the input clutter level may vary from cell to cell or from beam position to beam position. Useful data are presented for detection probabilities in the range 0.5 to 0.9, for false alarm probabilities in the range 104 to 10-8, and for a false detection probability of 0.1 for a sidelobe target yielding an apparent signal to total noise power density ratio of 13.0 dB in the main beam receiver.     

A. M. Hubert and C. Jaschek (eds.), B[e] Stars

The B[e] stars are early type stars with hydrogen emission lines, forbidden [FeII] and [OI] emission lines, and with an IR excess due to circumstellar dust. These properties may occur in stars of quite different evolutionary stages. In fact, the group of B[e] stars is very inhomogeneous, and contains pre-main sequence stars, supergiants with disks, compact planetary nebulae, symbiotic stars, and a group of stars with unclear evolutionary phase. The book gives the proceedings of a workshop in Paris in 1997 in which the properties and evolutionary phases of the B[e] stars are discussed. It contains chapters on: (1) the definition of B[e] stars, (2) distances, kinematics and the distribution in our Galaxy, (3) spectroscopy, (4) infrared properties, (5) photometry, polarimetry and variability, (6) models for winds and disks, (7) evolutionary stages, (8) revised classification of B[e] stars. The book ends with an object list of all B[e] stars. The book is very useful for students and researchers of hot star winds and gives nice overviews of the observations and theories and remaining puzzles of these strange objects with winds and outflowing dust-forming disks. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comments on "Computationally Efficient Bank of Rectangular Digital Filters"

In [1] a scheme for forming a rectangular FIR filter bank is described using only a few percent of the number of multiplications required by straightforward procedures. The sidelobe level suffers degradation. Attention is drawn to a different scheme published in [2] and [3] which needs even fewer multiplications without degradationvof the sidelobe level.     

In-Flight Alignment and Calibration of Inertial Measurement Units?Part I: General Formulation

This is the first part of a two-part paper which summarizes work pursued by the author in 1966 [1]. The paper describes the application of minimum-variance estimation techniques for in-flight alignment and calibration of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) relative to another IMU and/or some other reference. The first part formulates the problem, and the second part [2] reports numerical results and analyses. The approach taken is to cast the problem into the framework of Kalman-Bucy estimation theory, where velocity and position differences between the two IMU's are used as observations and the IMU parameters of interest become part of the state vector. Instrument quantization and computer roundoff errors are considered as measurement noise, and environmental induced random accelerations are considered as state noise. Typical applications of the technique presented might include the alignment and calibration of IMU's on aircraft carriers, the initialization of rockets or rocket airplanes which are launched from the wing of a mother ship, the alignment and calibration of IMU's which are only used in the latter phases of rocket flight, and for the initialization/updating of SST guidance systems.     

多向铺层碳/环氧复合材料特性及声发射分析

 本文对六种多向铺层的碳纤维增强环氧复合材料的拉伸破坏性能进行了研究,并采用声发射技术监测其损伤扩展过程,分析了它们的破坏机理。 新型的高性能碳纤维增强环氧复合材料应用于宇航、机械及体育器具等,由于工作条件及受力情况是复杂的,采用多向铺层才能满足受拉、压、弯、剪、扭等不同载荷的分别组合,具体铺层设计要针对主要承力情况来确定。多向铺层复合材料的损伤破坏比单向铺层的情况复杂,更需要采用试验的手段来研究它们的力学性能和破坏机理。在非破坏性测试中声发射技术的特点在于能够配合加载装置在进行试验过程中检测并记录复合材料的破坏过程,而且不移动探头的位置即可监测材料的较大区域,因此应用愈来愈多。声发射技术是利用材料或构件受力变形或损伤过程中应变释放产生弹性波这一原理来检测材料的缺陷、退化和破坏,评定材料的性能。声发射技术可以检测复合材料的剪切破坏及拉伸屈服破坏、分层及纤维断裂、粘接强度等。 本工作对六种多向铺层碳/环氧复合材料（包括0/90、±45°、30/60和三种碳布）进行拉伸试验,确定了它们的强度、模量、最大应变率及泊松比,给出六种不同铺层的应力应变关系以及声发射信号量的关系。采用声发射技术配合显微镜观测手段分析不同铺层的碳/环氧材料的声发射表征