白谱法在电离层扰动研究中的应用

将电离层扰动从其背景中分离出来一直是电离层扰动研究的核心与难点.文章综述白谱法在电离层扰动研究方面取得的进展,主要有:1)白谱法比常规电离层扰动提取方法能更好地描述磁暴期间电离层的扰动,利用白谱法构建的电离层天气单站指数Js、全球指数Jp和区域指数Jr与Dst指数之间存在极好的关联性,可以直接利用Dst来对Jp进行预报...     

BD2系统广域差分格网电离层模型研究与应用

电离层延迟误差是影响BD2卫星导航系统定位测速精度的关键因素,如何减少电离层误差是当前卫星导航定位领域研究的热点问题.常见的电离层模型包括广域差分格网模型和Klobuchar模型,已有研究主要关注Klobuchar模型,对BD2广域差分格网模型的研究较少.本文分析比较了广域差分格网电离层模型和Klobuchar模型对电离层延迟误差的影响,并进行了真实环境下的评测.实验结果表明,使用广域差分格网电离层模型修正电离层延迟可以减小电离误差,从而提高单频接收机导航定位精度.     

一种基于人工扰动电离层的通信对抗技术研究

研究了扰动后的电离层对不同波段的电磁波传播的影响,并探讨了该项技术在通信对抗上的具体应用。结果表明:受扰电离层可以引导VLF波进行"哨声模式"传播,进而实现对潜通信;可以使得HF波传播轨迹发生偏转、逃逸、聚焦和散焦,进而实现短波干扰;可以降低卫星通信频率,进而利用新波段实现卫星保密通信,同时还能产生透镜效应,对实现卫星通信的VHF电波产生额外增益,增强通信效果。     

“风云三号”D星电离层光度计

“风云三号”D星电离层光度计（IPM）是我国首次利用天基方式对电离层进行全天候定量化光学遥感观测的载荷。该载荷通过观测电离层夜/日间OI 135.6 nm气辉辐射强度、日间N₂LBH带气辉辐射强度,可以反演获取夜间电子总含量（TEC）、F2层峰值电子密度（NmF2）及日间O/N₂比等关键电离层环境信息。该载荷具备夜间高灵敏度观测的突出优势,非常适合电离层精细结构和微小变化观测,配置了夜间和日间两种工作模式,可以实现对电离层关键环境信息的全天候监测。文章主要对该电离层光度计的观测目标、观测原理、系统组成和在轨观测结果进行介绍。     

电离层异常环境对高功率微波传输的影响分析

电离层异常环境中的电离层不均匀体会导致高功率微波传播发生电离层闪烁效应。电离层闪烁会影响10MHz～10GHz频段范围的无线电信号,影响区域集中在以磁赤道为中心的±20°以内的低纬地区和高纬极区。发生时间主要集中在春分和秋分前后夜间,随着太阳活动有11年周期变化特性。基于自主研发的全球电离层闪烁发生概率预测模型深入分析了地球同步轨道卫星的2.45GHz和5.8GHz信号的电离层闪烁效应随经纬度、季节、地方时、太阳活动水平等变化特性,研究发现采用2.45GHz信号时不能忽视电离层闪烁衰落影响,研究结论为未来空间太阳能电站系统建设的频率选择、地面站选址、传播环境保障分系统建设等提供了数据支撑。     

萤火一号火星探测器科学应用数据处理技术

对萤火一号(YH-1)火星探测器科学应用数据处理技术进行了研究.给出了用磁场数据确定磁堆积区边界(MPB)特性的最小方差分析(MVA)、离子数据各质量通道权重修正和利用星星掩星数据确定火星电离层电子密度等数据处理技术,有助于进一步了解火星空间环境的本质.     

基于IRI模型的卫星环境仿真方法研究

针对卫星所运行电离层等离子体环境的分析要求,搭建了一个以MATLAB软件为核心,以国际参考电离层(IRI)模型的MEX封装、卫星工具包(STK)为计算仿真模块的多源交互环境。以一颗500km高的太阳同步轨道卫星为例,结合卫星的实际任务运行,对卫星运行的等离子体中的电子密度、电子温度、离子温度等重要参数进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,此方法可以基于IRI模型较为精确、高效地分析卫星的等离子体环境参数。该方法还能推广到地磁场、大气层、磁层、地球辐射带、太阳风等其他卫星运行环境的分析,为卫星的总体任务分析提供直接的支持。     

电磁波在电离层中的传输建模分析

电磁波从宇宙空间对地传输过程中,不可避免需要穿过地球电离层,并受到电离层折射、反射、穿透等影响。为研究电离层中电磁波的传播路径,利用IRI2016电离层模型和NRLMSISE-00模型的数据,基于射线追踪算法,综合利用龙格-库塔法,并采用变步长实现了电磁波在电离层多层空间复杂等离子体中的传输计算。同时,还研究了不同频率和纬度的电磁波在电离层的传播途径。研究表明较高频率的电磁波受到电离层的干扰较少,在100MHz时,电磁传播的偏移角度仅为0.795度;电离层的非均匀层状结构决定了电磁波在其中的传输存在多模现象,并受到了光照的影响,在日间和中纬均受电离层的强烈干扰,偏移角度均大于2.2度,较夜间和低、高纬地区的传输偏移更大。     

空间环境对无线电波传播的影响综述

文章研究了空间环境对无线电通信的影响,主要体现在多种因素制约下的等离子体环境对电波传播的影响。首先介绍了几种典型的电离层模型,接着详细讲述了工程实用电离层模型;随后给出了电磁波在等离子体环境中的传播路径和等离子体介质在磁场环境下对电磁波影响的定量分析,并建议将空间等离子体环境（包括星际等离子体环境和电离层等离子体环境等）作为一个整体进行研究,来考虑地磁场对等离子体电磁特性的影响;最后基于目前理论的不足与实际需求的矛盾,探讨未来的研究方向。     

基于改进PSO-WNN的高频地波雷达 电离层杂波抑制方法

高频地波雷达的海上目标探测能力与电离层杂波的抑制效果息息相关,而电离层杂波的复杂性与变化多样性又为抑制带来了难题。为实现电离层杂波的抑制,分析了电离层杂波的混沌特性,在此基础上提出一种基于改进粒子群算法优化小波神经网络的抑制方法,解决了粒子群算法易早熟和易陷入局部最优的缺点;提出一种自适应概率变异的策略,丰富了种群多样性,使得整个迭代过程中粒子群能够跳出当前最优,寻得全局最优。实测实验表明,基于改进粒子群算法优化的小波神经网络（PSO-WNN）能够基本预测电离层杂波的数值,进行电离层杂波的抑制,有效改善了信噪比,对电离层杂波的抑制研究具有重要意义。     

Spatial–Temporal Characteristics of Large Scale Disturbances of Electron Density Observed in the Ionospheric F-Region before Strong Earthquakes

The spatial dimensions and temporal dynamics of large scale disturbances of electron density in the ionospheric F-region during the preparatory phase of destructive earthquakes are estimated. The most appropriate data (as far as the moments of satellite passages are concerned) were selected out of more than 300 investigated cases. In order to demonstrate effects at different latitudes, the cases of high-latitude (Alaska), mid-latitude (Central Italy), and low-latitude (New Zealand) earthquakes were considered. Using the data of external vertical sounding of the ionosphere performed by the Alouette-1 and Interkosmos-19 satellites together with the data of vertical sounding of the ionosphere by ground-based instruments, we get for the first time with reasonable accuracy the spatial characteristics of precursors in the ionosphere. It is shown that seismic ionospheric disturbances are strongly time-dependent before the beginning of the main shock. Seismic ionospheric disturbances are generated weakly several days before the first shock, but at that moment the disturbed region is located not above the epicenter, but rather a little displaced from it. As the moment of the earthquake approaches, the disturbance covers more and more space; moreover, its value also increases. Several hours after the shock the disturbance migrates in the reverse order. Under some conditions, the disturbances may appear not only above epicenter regions. They can be transferred along the magnetic field lines into conjugate regions in the opposite hemisphere.     

Nonlinear Disturbances in the Ionospheric E Region under the Action of Internal Gravity Waves

We consider the influence of harmonics generated by an internal gravity wave (IGW) on the formation of nonlinear disturbances in the ionospheric E region. It is shown that the response of the lower ionosphere to the IGW propagation should be less efficient than the action of the IGW on the ionospheric F region. Nevertheless, if there are some thin layers (e.g., sporadic E layers) in the lower ionosphere, the response can be amplified; its amplitude is determined by the sharpness of the density gradient as compared with the characteristic scale of the atmosphere.     

Low Altitude Cusp–Cleft Region Signatures of Strong Geomagnetic Disturbances

The polar cusp being a region of the free access of the solar wind into the inner magnetosphere is also the site of turbulent plasma flow. The cusp area at low altitudes acts like a focus of a variety type of instability and disturbances from different regions of the Earth. Daily f ₀ F2 frequencies are discussed regarding the cusp position. The high time resolution wave measurements together with electron and ion energetic spectra measurements registered on the board the Freja satellite and Magion-3 and the electron density at the peak of f ₀ F2 layers collected from ground-based ionosonde measurements were used to study the response of ionospheric plasma within the cusp–cleft region to the strong geomagnetic storm. In this paper we present the response of the ionospheric plasma to the disturbed conditions seen in the topside wave measurements and in the ionospheric characteristics maps obtained from the ground-based VI network. The need of the cusp feature model for radio communication purposes is advocated.     

Illumination of the Earth’s ionosphere by the vacuum ultraviolet radiation reflected by the moon

The spectral curve of the flux density of the radiation, which is reflected by the full moon towards the Earth’s ionosphere within a wavelength range of 200–1700 Å, has been presented. This curve is obtained by the approximation of space experiment data available in the scientific literature on the lunar spectral albedo and solar spectrum. Estimates of maximum values of spectral densities of fluxes reflected by the full moon in the neighborhood of wavelengths of ionization of basic ionospheric particles (neutral atoms of H I, He I, N I, O I, and Ar I and ions of He II, N II, O II, Ar II, N III, O III, and Ar III, as well as molecules of H₂, N₂, and O₂) are given.     

Autogeneration of an Instability of a Plasma Composition Equilibrium in the Plasmaspheric Transition Region during a Postsunset High-Altitude Launch of the Vertikal'-10 Rocket

A cause of the instability of equilibrium of plasma ion composition is discussed and exemplified by the data on a burst of amplitudes of small-scale plasma irregularities in the plasmaspheric transition region during an evening launch of the Vertikal'-10 rocket. This burst is accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the average plasma density at altitudes of 700–1100 km. Specific features of the observed events are compared to postsunset incoherent scatter radar observations of the ion diffusion flux density. It is demonstrated that the instability is caused by peculiarities of the protonosphere–ionosphere interaction associated with a sharp difference between thermal conditions of the ionospheric and protonospheric air shortly after sunset. The induced nonuniformity of postsunset cooling of the protonospheric–ionospheric plasma causes density irregularities in ion diffusion fluxes and generates local bunches of heavy ions, which are usually only a minor impurity to lighter ions. As a result, conditions are created that are favorable for the nondissipative accumulation of potential energy for the mutual opposition of two or more groups of ions with different masses and for the subsequent release of this energy by a threshold excitation of impurity-driven plasma instabilities.     

Sporadic structures and small-scale irregularity in the nighttime polar ionosphere in the period of high solar activity according to the data of radio occultation measurements on satellite-to-satellite paths

Results of the analysis of 327 sessions of radio occultation on satellite-to-satellite paths are presented. The data are taken in the nighttime polar ionosphere in the regions with latitudes of 67°–88°, and in the period of high solar activity from October 26, 2003 to November 9, 2003. Typical ionospheric changes in the amplitude and phase of decimeter radio waves on paths GPS satellites-CHAMP satellite are presented. It is demonstrated that these data make it possible to determine characteristics of the sporadic E _s structures in the lower ionosphere at heights of 75–120 km. Histograms of distribution of the lower and upper boundaries, thickness, and intensity of the E _s structures are presented. Dispersion and spectra of amplitude fluctuations of decimeter radio waves caused by small-scale irregularity of the ionospheric plasma are analyzed. The relation of the polar E _s structures and intensity of small-scale plasma irregularity to various manifestations of solar activity is discussed. The efficiency of monitoring the ionospheric disturbances caused by shock waves of the solar wind by the radio occultation method on satellite-to-satellite paths is demonstrated.     

Physicochemical model of the auroral ionosphere

A physicochemical model of excited polar ionosphere has been presented. The model makes it possible to calculate vertical profiles of concentrations of the following excited and ionized constituents: O₂ ⁺, N₂ ⁺, O⁺(⁴S), O⁺(²D), O⁺(²P), O(¹D), O(¹S), N(⁴S), N(²D), N(²P), NO, NO⁺, N⁺, N₂(A³Σ_u ⁺), N₂(B³П_g), N₂(W³Δ_u), and N₂(B′³Σ_u ^-) and the electron concentration during electron precipitations. The energy spectrum of the electrons at the upper boundary of the ionosphere and concentrations of neutral constituents are the input parameters of the model. A model has been compiled based on available publications and includes 56 physicochemical reactions that influence concentrations of the aforementioned constituents in the polar ionosphere. The method of calculating vertical profiles of the excitation rates of atmospheric gases and proper allowance for the electron-vibrational kinetics in the processes of exciting the triplet states of N₂ are specific features of the presented model. The ionospheric model has been approbated using the results of the coordinated rocket–satellite experiment. The agreement between the modeling results and experimental data best for the time being is achieved.     

Disturbance in the lower ionosphere that accompanied the reentry of the Chelyabinsk cosmic body

The paper describes quasi-periodic and aperiodic variations in the phase and amplitude of radio waves of LF and VLF ranges, which accompanied the flight and explosion of the Chelyabinsk meteoroid. Quasi-periodic variations in the phase have been explained by the generation of acoustic-gravity waves in the atmosphere, which modulate the electron density in the ionosphere and the phase of radio waves. Aperiodic variations in the phase and amplitude of radio waves are associated with an increase in the electron density in the lower ionosphere (at altitudes of 65–70 km). This increase was most likely caused by the interactions of subsystems in the Earth–atmosphere–ionosphere–magnetosphere system or, more correctly, by the precipitation of high-energy electrons from the magnetosphere into the lower ionosphere, which was stimulated by the flight and explosion of a cosmic body. According to the estimates, the density of the flux of electrons with energies of 100 KeV should be on the order of 106 m^–2 s^–1.