背绕式有槽永磁同步电机的电磁场解析模型

以1台5 kW背绕式高速永磁同步电机为研究对象,建立其电磁场解析模型。将电磁场求解域划分为气隙子域、永磁体子域、槽口子域和槽子域,求解相应的拉普拉斯方程或泊松方程,解析模型计及电枢反应场、永磁场和定子开槽的影响。计算了该电机的气隙磁密、绕组磁链、绕组反电动势、齿槽转矩和电磁转矩,并将结果与二维有限元法计算结果和试验数据比较,比较结果说明了解析模型的准确性。最后以槽口开度为变量,研究其对气隙磁密分布和齿槽转矩的影响。     

轴向充磁圆筒型永磁直线同步电机气隙磁场解析计算

介绍了一种基于许-克变换法的轴向充磁结构圆筒型永磁直线同步电机(TPMLSM)气隙磁场解析计算方法。首先采用许-克变换法计算出无齿槽时电机的气隙磁场;然后利用许-克变换法求取初级铁心开槽时的气隙相对比磁导函数,分析铁心开槽对气隙磁场的影响;最后通过无齿槽时的气隙磁场与有齿槽时的气隙磁场相对比磁导函数得到有齿槽时电机的气隙磁场分布。同时给出了该种充磁结构TPMLSM气隙磁场解析计算表达式,并以1台36/12极槽配合轴向充磁TPMLSM样机进行试验。试验结果证明空载气隙磁场的有限元分析值与解析值较吻合,空载电动势(EMF)计算值、试验测试值、有限元分析值一致。     

基于等效磁路法的轴向磁场磁通切换型永磁电机静态特性分析

轴向磁场磁通切换型永磁(AFFSPM)电机是一种轴向长度短、转矩密度高的新型永磁电机。该电机磁场呈三维分布,与径向磁场电机不同,需要对该电机进行三维有限元分析,从而增加了电机分析和优化时的计算时间和成本。基于等效磁路法分析了AFFSPM电机的静态特性,建立了AFFSPM电机的非线性等效磁路模型,采用该模型计算、分析了气隙磁密、空载永磁磁链、反电动势和电感等特性,并与采用三维有限元方法的计算结果进行比较,验证了AFFSPM电机等效磁路模型的准确性,表明等效磁路模型适用于AFFSPM电机初始设计和分析。     

无槽环形绕组轴向磁通永磁电机空载反电动势解析

无槽环形绕组有两种类型,即扇形绕组和矩形绕组。针对这两种绕组空间分布对空载反电动势的影响,分别对两种绕组轴向磁通永磁电机的空载反电动势进行了解析推导。在气隙磁密解析计算时,提出通过建立虚拟等效直线电机模型用以计算气隙磁场端部效应函数。为了验证解析公式的正确性,以一台电机方案为例,利用推导的解析公式对空载反电动势进行了计算,与有限元计算结果进行了对比,结果表明解析计算结果和有限元计算结果相对误差小于2.1%,满足工程要求。因此,推导的空载反电动势解析公式可以作为电机设计人员参考使用。     

双边永磁励磁游标电机运行原理及电磁特性仿真研究

为了进一步提高电机的功率密度和转矩密度,以满足直驱系统低速、大转矩的运行工况,提出一种新型双边永磁励磁游标(DPMEV)电机。该电机定子和转子上均放置有永磁体,利用定、转子齿对气隙磁导的双向调制作用,将两组永磁体产生的永磁磁场调制成少极数、高转速的有效谐波磁场,并根据有效谐波磁场设计电枢绕组,从而使定、转子上两组永磁体同时与电枢绕组耦合。介绍了DPMEV电机的拓扑结构。基于等效磁路法,对该电机的气隙磁通密度进行了分析,表明该电机可利用气隙磁导的双向调制作用,实现电机功率密度和转矩密度的有效提高。在深入分析电机工作原理的基础上,通过有限元法对DPMEV电机进行了计算和分析,验证了该电机具有适用于直驱系统的高功率密度和高转矩密度特性。     

表贴式永磁同步电机永磁体偏心气隙磁场解析

采用分区域的方法对表贴式永磁同步电机磁极偏心的气隙磁场进行推导解析。将求解区域分为永磁体区域、气隙区域、定子槽区域和基于分离变量法利用各区域的边界条件得出相关系数,并在计及永磁体偏心的情况下求解电机气隙磁场。解析模型能够计算电机空载和负载气隙磁场的分布。将解析模型计算结果与有限元分析结果进行对比,发现所建立的解析模型具有较高的准确度。     

基于改进磁密计算的开关磁阻电机径向力解析建模

现有的麦克斯韦应力法计算开关磁阻电机(SRM)径向力的过程中,气隙磁通密度的求取过于简化。由于麦克斯韦应力法的积分路径较简单,气隙磁通密度的准确度直接影响了径向力求取的精度。综合等效磁路法和麦克斯韦应力法,精确计算了SRM气隙磁通密度,给出了单相激励下定子径向电磁力的表达式。在角度位置控制 (APC) 方式下,推导了转子运转过程中定子径向电磁力的解析表达式。在有限元软件上进行了仿真,对比分析了解析计算得到的径向力在时域和频域的分布,解析结果和有限元仿真结果相比表明,即使在2倍额定电流下误差也能维持在10%以内。     

混合励磁轴向磁场磁通切换型永磁电机特性分析与试验研究

提出了一种适用于电动汽车驱动系统的E型铁心混合励磁轴向磁场磁通切换型永磁(HEAFFSPM)电机。以一台三相6/10极电机为例,基于三维有限元方法全面研究该电机静态特性,包括气隙磁密、空载永磁磁链、空载反电动势、电磁转矩、转矩-电流特性、绕组电感和磁场调节能力等;研究转子齿扇形角度和转子斜极对电机反电动势和齿槽转矩的影响,分析表明转子齿扇形和转子斜极可以改善反电动势和齿槽转矩波形。制造了一台2 kW样机并对其进行测试,验证了有限元分析结果的准确性,结果表明HEAFFSPM电机的磁链和反电动势均为正弦分布,带载能力和磁场调节能力均较强。     

高精度加速度计力矩器磁路的设计与仿真分析

力矩器磁路性能决定了加速度计标度因数的性能,为此利用有限元方法对力矩器磁路的磁通密度进行分析,在此基础上提出了两种结构优化设计方案,并对其进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明,改变导磁帽的形状可以提高气隙磁场的磁通密度的稳定性和均匀性,但导磁帽易出现饱和现象;通过降低磁钢的高度,同时增加导磁帽的高度,既能大幅度的提高磁场的稳定性和均匀性,导磁帽也不会出现饱和现象,但气隙磁场的磁通密度均值会降低37.25%,非线性误差为1.83%,优化后气隙磁场存在着磁通密度稳定（径向均值为0.42868T）和均匀的区域。     

变磁阻可控磁通永磁游标电机电磁性能分析

为了兼顾永磁电机低速、大转矩特性和恒功率区的运行范围,提出一种变磁阻可控磁通永磁游标(RVFCPMV)电机。以1台三相22/2对极RVFCPMV电机为例,介绍了RVFCPMV电机的拓扑结构。基于气隙磁通密度的调制,揭示了该电机具有低速、大转矩特性的实质,突破在电枢绕组中通入直轴去磁电流分量的传统弱磁方式,提出一种利用铁磁材料非线性导磁特性,通过调节励磁电流进而改变磁路磁阻方式实现永磁电机弱磁升速的方法。通过有限元方法对RVFCPMV电机进行了计算和分析,验证了该电机基速以下的低速、大转矩输出特性和基速以上的弱磁调速能力。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.