Cross-cultural issues in space operations: A survey study among ground personnel of the European Space Agency

Today's space operations involve co-working of people with different ethnical, professional and organisational backgrounds. The aim of this study was to examine the implications of cultural diversity for efficient collaboration within the European Space Agency (ESA), and between ESA employees and representatives from other agencies. ESA employees from European countries (N=576) answered to the CULT Ground Survey. The results showed that differences in relation to leadership and decision making were the most important issues thought to interfere with efficient co-working within ESA, and between ESA employees and colleagues from other agencies. Employees who collaborated with more than three nationalities within ESA indicated most challenges in co-working due to differences in compliance, behavioural norms and competitiveness. Challenges in co-working differed between agencies, and these differences were consistent with value differences in the national populations. The results may have applied value for training of European employees working in international space program teams.     

空间高速数据传输技术新进展

文章介绍了空间高速数据传输技术的发展动向,重点分析了遥感卫星、中继卫星、通信卫星和深空探测的高速数据传输技术动向。最后分析了空间激光高速数据传输技术的研究进展,并从未来技术发展和需求的角度提出了一些建议。     

A systematic review of the Space technology transfer literature: Research synthesis and emerging gaps

In order to justify high expenditure during this period of financial crisis, Space Agencies have attempted to increase the returns on their investments in Space missions by encouraging the commercial use of advanced technologies. The development of a technology transfer process from Space to Earth not only benefits the Aerospace industry but also the network of national companies. Technology transfer has been shown to stimulate innovation in business and commerce, support economic growth and provide a return on public investment in research and development (R&D). The aim of this paper is to systematically review the Space technology transfer literature and to suggest directions for future research. The range of research and studies in the literature on this topic requires a systematic review to summarize the results in an unbiased and balanced manner and to interpret these in a way that highlights the research gaps. This article presents an overview of the dominant thinking (explicit in selected articles from 1995 to present), indicating the problems of analysis, research gaps and a future research program.     

实战天基激光武器系统设计的技术需求分析

本文系根据美国天基激光武器采购能力和结构研究 (A&AS)项目综述的一篇技术报告。文中分析了空军和导弹防御组织 (BMDO)发展天基激光武器 (SBL)所采取的现行技术途径以及为使实战SBL系统投入战场使用所必需的技术需求。A&AS项目确认了需要大力改进当前技术能力的几个重要技术领域 :发展大型展开式光学系统 ,提高波阵面控制和振动控制能力 ,增加激光器功率。最后讨论了还需改进的远程目标捕获、跟踪和指向控制技术 ,空间飞行器的共性技术 ,建模和仿真 ,以及地面试验技术。     

Space technology transfer: Spin-off cases from Japan

Government organizations have to justify high expenditure during periods of financial crisis such as the one we are experiencing today. Space agencies have attempted to increase the returns on their investments in space missions by encouraging the commercial use of advanced technologies. This paper describes two technology transfer (TT) cases promoted by JAXA, in order to identify the organizational models and determinants of TT. The development of a TT process from space to Earth not only benefits the aerospace industry but also the network of national companies. The aim of the paper is to investigate who the actors are and the nature of their role, as well as the determinants of the TT process in the Japanese space sector. The case studies confirm the typical path of transfer as ‘Earth–space–Earth’.     

航天器装配工艺流程可视化系统的研究

文章分析了航天器工艺技术的重要性,提出了采用装配流程图的方式加强工艺工作对总装现场的指导。详细阐述了装配流程图的工作机理,以流程图的方式,直观地描述产品装配的过程和顺序,以及每一过程所涉及的物料、工装、技术文件等,与生产反馈数据有机结合,形成完整的总装工艺,为操作者提供更加直观、有效的指导。并给出了辅助装配工艺设计的实现方案。     

可用于航天助推发射的高温超导磁悬浮技术

为了满足低成本、高安全可靠的可重复使用航天运载器发展需要,磁悬浮助推发射技术以其高地面起飞速度,提供了一种可能的技术途径。设计和研究了一种永磁导轨与高温超导体作用形成的磁悬浮系统。通过建立磁悬浮单元准静态力测试系统,分析了块状高温超导体在永磁导轨上方不同位置作用的悬浮特性。然后建立高温超导磁悬浮缩比研究试验平台,其包括4个磁悬浮单元和7米双永磁导轨。通过测试和分析试验平台在不同场冷高度和载荷条件下的悬浮特性,得出低场冷高度有利于提高磁悬浮发射装置的横向稳定性。     

直流电弧等离子体炬的数值模拟

等离子体炬内部的物理场是影响等离子体性能及等离子体炬设计等方向的重要信息。受等离子体炬内部小空间、高能量密度及高电荷密度等因素的影响,无法通过常规手段进行测量。为了得到等离子体炬内部的温度、速度场分布情况,本文使用COMSOL建立了一台30 kW直流等离子体炬的二维轴对称模型。为了验证模型的可靠性,搭建了包括等离子电源、等离子体炬在内的实验平台,并使用热焓探针对该等离子体炬出口处的温度场进行诊断。将等离子体炬的模拟结果与实验测得的数据进行对比,发现模拟结果能够较好的吻合实际情况。改变模型阴极的电流输入,对等离子体炬内部的流场及温度场变化情况进行了系统模拟研究,得出了等离子体炬内部的发展模式,以及热量传递的薄弱点,可以为今后等离子体炬的优化方向提供参考。     

Agronomy in space – China’s crop breeding program

Using the US-coined concept of space industrialization and reflecting the ongoing creation of a space economy, this paper maintains that China’s 20-odd years of practice and achievement in crop breeding in space should be seen as an integral part of any space economy. The paper analyzes the Chinese government’s space breeding policies, its support for it via financial allocation, and the relevant programs, and highlights the key achievements so far achieved in the sector. In conclusion, it outlines the main hurdles to crop breeding in space but looks forward to a bright future for this activity.     

United Nations Human Space Technology Initiative (HSTI)

The Human Space Technology Initiative was launched in 2010 within the framework of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications implemented by the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the United Nations. It aims to involve more countries in activities related to human spaceflight and space exploration and to increase the benefits from the outcome of such activities through international cooperation, to make space exploration a truly international effort.     

Space debris and the need for space traffic control

This report summarises the presentations which took place at the ‘Space Traffic Control – Is the Space Debris Problem Solvable?’ conference hosted by the Royal Aeronautical Society on the 2nd July 2013. The conference sought to promote discussion over methods to deal with the issue of space debris in particular and speakers included representatives from the European Space Agency, the United Kingdom Space Agency, practitioners and academia. Themes which emerged during the conference included the urgency of the problem of space debris, the need for short-term and long-term solutions, the necessity for the development and implementation of space debris remediation technologies to complement existing mitigation efforts and, last but not least, the wider applications of space traffic control. Regarding the sub-title of the conference, ‘is the space debris problem solvable?’, it would appear from the presentations that while there is the potential for future management of the issue through debris remediation and harmonised mitigation efforts, no comprehensive solutions exist at the time of writing.     

当代创新的五个社会特征

本文以当代世界科技创新活动为背景，分析了当代创新的社会性、效用性、时效性、持续性和系统性。     

空间科学规划及对航天运输系统的需求

空间科学不仅能够推动我国在基础科学研究领域取得重大科学突破,还能够有效牵引、带动航天高新技术的发展。中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项是\"十二五\"时期我国空间科学领域最重要的系统性进展,开启了中国空间科学发展的新篇章。\"十三五\"时期,我国将继续研制、发射一系列新的空间科学卫星,这对航天运输系统提出了新的技术发展需求。发展空间科学必将推动我国的航天强国、世界科技强国建设进程。     

空间站空间因特网与空间通信链路设计

为改善在空间站长期值守的航天员的业务生活,提出建立空间站网吧,为航天员提供因特网服务的构想。为此分析研究空间站空间因特网服务系统及其关键技术,提出空间站空间因特网服务系统构建方案。结合这一系统构建方案,一是研究解决了支持复杂异构网络运行的空间因特网网络协议设计技术,空间站空间因特网直接采用TCP/IP协议,并通过系统设计,较好地克服了TCP/IP协议不能适应空间通信链路的难题,支持采用基于TCP/IP协议的商用货架(COTS)软、硬件产品,可明显降低空间站空间因特网服务系统建设与维护成本;二是研究解决了涉及空间站测控通信网运行安全和空间信息安全的空间通信链路设计技术,空间站在同一条空间通信链路同时传输空间因特网数据和空间站测控通信数据,空间通信链路采用CCSDS的AOS协议,并通过建立虚拟的物理信道,解决了空间因特网数据和空间站测控通信数据的安全隔离问题,能满足空间站测控通信网运行安全和空间信息安全的要求。     

空间环境对空间系统维修性设计的影响

从空间环境对在轨维修工作的影响以及空间系统故障的主要诱因2个方面,分析了空间环境对空间系统维修性设计的影响。研究表明,空间环境对在轨维修性的影响首先与维修安全有关;空间环境的恶劣条件既是航天器故障的主要诱因,又是在轨维修各种困难和限制的根源。     

Private space exploration: A new way for starting a spacefaring society?

Since the beginning space was an exclusive domain of public organizations, the role of privates is becoming more and more important, and not only in commercial activities. However, the main international treaties dealing with this subject are still based on the assumption that space activities are mostly reserved to states. In the last decade the idea that the role of privates could include the management of space infrastructures and launch vehicles gained support and now private launch services are a reality. An even wider role of privates is now advocated and private exploration and exploitation missions are discussed. This requires that space activity in general can generate an attractive return and those business models are identified.