空间技术中的控制理论与应用的现状及发展

本文结合我国空间事业发展现状,概述了现代控制理论在我国空间技术领域的应用现状,描述了现代控制理论对空间控制技术的应用前景,最后指出如何结合我国空间事业的发展开展现代控制理论的应用研究。     

Agronomy in space – China’s crop breeding program

Using the US-coined concept of space industrialization and reflecting the ongoing creation of a space economy, this paper maintains that China’s 20-odd years of practice and achievement in crop breeding in space should be seen as an integral part of any space economy. The paper analyzes the Chinese government’s space breeding policies, its support for it via financial allocation, and the relevant programs, and highlights the key achievements so far achieved in the sector. In conclusion, it outlines the main hurdles to crop breeding in space but looks forward to a bright future for this activity.     

Space debris and the need for space traffic control

This report summarises the presentations which took place at the ‘Space Traffic Control – Is the Space Debris Problem Solvable?’ conference hosted by the Royal Aeronautical Society on the 2nd July 2013. The conference sought to promote discussion over methods to deal with the issue of space debris in particular and speakers included representatives from the European Space Agency, the United Kingdom Space Agency, practitioners and academia. Themes which emerged during the conference included the urgency of the problem of space debris, the need for short-term and long-term solutions, the necessity for the development and implementation of space debris remediation technologies to complement existing mitigation efforts and, last but not least, the wider applications of space traffic control. Regarding the sub-title of the conference, ‘is the space debris problem solvable?’, it would appear from the presentations that while there is the potential for future management of the issue through debris remediation and harmonised mitigation efforts, no comprehensive solutions exist at the time of writing.     

“新帝国论”与小布什外交

当前，“新帝国论”(或“新帝国主义论”)甚嚣尘上。“新帝国”究竟所指为何?它是怎样出笼的?本质是什么?小布什的新帝国主义外交给世界带来了哪些影响?     

The ISMA proposal — time for a reappraisal?

The proposal for an International Satellite Monitoring Agency (ISMA) was made by France in 1978. This article looks at the arguments raised against developing an ISMA and reassesses the proposal in the light of current and anticipated developments in the field of verification, and new national space programmes.     

Arms control and disarmament in space: the rough road to Vienna 1984 : Part II

This article continues a detailed examination of the international legal and diplomatic questions relating to arms control and disarmament, focusing on space-based activities. These are importantly concerned with the development of anti-satellite (ASAT) systems and ballistic missile defence (BMD). This part of the article considers the US Presidential-Congressional dialogue - particularly the ASAT testing issue - and Presidential initiatives vis-à-vis the USSR. An epilogue to the original paper considers the diplomatic moves and policy shifts which contributed to the January 1985 US-Soviet meeting and the agreement to begin bilateral negotiations to consider space and nuclear arms.     

Arms control and disarmament in space: the rough road to Vienna 1984: Part I

This article examines the international legal and diplomatic questions relating to arms control and disarmament, focusing on space-based activities. These relate importantly to the development of anti-satellite satellites (ASATs) and ballistic missile defence systems (BMDs). Part I of the article examines the goal of ‘peaceful uses’ of outer space as elaborated in national policies and in international fora, the debate that has has taken place at the international level over the meaning and definition of peaceful purposes, legal manoeuvres, particularly in the UN, and US responses, and recent Soviet initiatives relating to space militarization. Part II will appear in the next issue, and will consider the US Presidential-Congressional dialogue on these questions and recent Presidential initiatives.     

中国航天进入无人航天与载人航天相结合的新时期--"十五"计划期间中国航天发射情况述评

回顾了"十五"计划期间中国的航天发射情况,比较了各五年计划期间中国的航天发射情况,讨论了"十五"计划期间中国航天发射的特点.     

美国导弹防御系统发展及对国际军控影响研究

大力推进导弹防御系统(MD)的研制和部署是美谋求绝对优势的重要举措。系统分析了美国导弹防御系统(BMDS)发展的基本态势和未来走向,以及其对国际军备控制的影响。     

航天领域研究网络控制系统的必要性分析

给出控制系统的最新发展一网络控制系统的基本概念和典型结构,分析了网络控制系统相对集散控制系统的诸多优点;探讨了航天器底层控制系统采用集散控制系统的现状,并根据现代航天器智能性和自主性的发展要求,指出网络控制系统是未来航天器底层控制系统的发展方向;分析了CAN总线在航天领域的应用,明确了网络控制系统已成功应用到航天领域这一事实;最后通过对网络控制系统及其在航天应用研究现状的分析,得出航天领域迫切需要对网络控制系统的共性问题和航天应用的专有问题进行系统研究的结论.     

空间站舱内微量有害气体状态评价和流转分析

文章聚焦于中国空间站长期在轨运行中微量有害气体的整体状态和控制情况,阐述了微量有害气体随舱内物质循环向冷凝水回收净化以及CO₂去除和还原等环节流转的规律。通过在轨状态分析、地面比对评估试验结果和流转特性分析,说明中国空间站各净化系统对舱内微量污染物成分进行了有效控制,舱内空气中微量有害气体浓度保持在较低水平。研究旨在为后续微量有害气体净化环节的运行和监测提供指导。     

空间太阳望远镜的热设计和热光学分析

将卫星热控制技术与光学波像差理论相结合,以空间太阳望远镜（SST）为例,对空间光学系统的热设计和热光学分析进行了研究,以光学指标作为热设计的最终评价标准,为高分辨率空间光学系统的热设计找到了一套行之有效的方法。     

自由浮动空间机械臂的最优控制

自由浮动空间机械臂所满足的动量矩守恒方程是一个非完整约束条件。首先把铰关节角速度作为输入,建立起系统的状态方程。然后把输入表示成待定系数的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ 基组合,从而将最优控制转化为对代数问题的求解。最后用非线性最小二乘法迭代求出同时使载体和铰关节达到预定位形,而且使输入能量最小的最优控制。仿真算例说明,本文的方法是有效的。     

航天器智能控制的研究和设计

本文介绍智能控制的产生和发展,探讨智能控制的基本概念,详细说明智能控制三个层次的具体含义及其与传统控制理论的主要区别。针对未来航天器控制中的特点,展望智能控制在航天器控制中的应用前景,深入分析了在未来航天器控制中应用智能控制的必要性和可行性。文章最后介绍了航天器变结构变系数智能控制的特点及总体结构,给出了一个主从型智能控制系统的实例。     

United Nations Human Space Technology Initiative (HSTI)

The Human Space Technology Initiative was launched in 2010 within the framework of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications implemented by the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the United Nations. It aims to involve more countries in activities related to human spaceflight and space exploration and to increase the benefits from the outcome of such activities through international cooperation, to make space exploration a truly international effort.     

空间站智能自主控制

首先分析了空间站及其运动控制系统的任务及特点,指出开展空间站智能自主控制研究是系统任务复杂性及不确定性的必然要求,已经迫在眉睫。然后介绍了一种新的智能控制方法——即基于全系数特征模型描述的智能控制方法,这是实现空间站智能自主控制的重要理论基础。最后提出空间站智能自主控制系统的结构组成。     

对欧空局轨道碎片模型的评价

文章评价了颗粒大于1cm的碎片模型,它包含大于10cm的一组粒子和介于1～10cm之间的粒子,它们是由空间暴露模拟得到的。接着讨论了尺寸范围介于0.1～10mm之间的小粒子束流。假定这些粒子主要是由小粒子与卫星碰撞产生的。这种碰撞主要发生在450～500kin的高度范围内(空间站高度),碰撞与否还取决于轨道高度和离心率。     

低地球轨道航天器的轨道碎片环境

文章介绍了一种适用于低地球轨道航天器的轨道碎片环境模型。对建立这个模型的数据源及设计标准进行了详细的叙述。并评价这个数据模型对未来空间环境的预测和测量中的不确定性。     

对美国宇航公司使用的轨道碎片模型的评价

文章介绍了碰撞程序和碎片程序,并进行了评价。前一个程序说明了碎片撞击的破裂特性;后一个程序给出了当一个空间物体进入碎片云时的撞击概率。