Magnetic energy storage devices for small scale applications

The author considers basic principles of magnetic energy storage, structure requirements and limitations, configurations of inductors, attributes of high-T_c superconducting materials including thermal instabilities, a relative comparison with the state-of-the-art high energy density power sources, and refrigeration requirements. A review of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology reveals that the advent of high-temperature ceramic superconducting materials and advances in high strength materials and refrigeration technology are likely to facilitate fabrication of smaller SMES units. The design parameters of a micro superconducting magnetic energy unit for Air Force application are presented and discussed     

小尺度孔的流量系数试验

对小尺度孔的流量系数进行了试验研究,并讨论了其流量系数在不同几何和流动参数下的变化规律.小孔直径为0.5,1.0,2.0 mm和3.0 mm;孔间距为5,10和20;长径比为1,2和4;倾斜角为30°,60°和90°;雷诺数Re低于6 000.通过试验可得孔的倾斜角度是影响流量系数的决定性因素之一,孔径对流量系数有显著影响,长径比和孔间距对流量系数均有不同程度的影响.该结果对小尺度孔在叶片气膜或冲击冷却的设计和研究中有重要意义.     

Magnetospheric processes and related geophysical phenomena

In this paper we consider those processes mainly related to the behaviour of the low-energetic magnetospheric plasma, which nevertheless contains the main mass and the predominant part of the thermal energy. Our attention has been concentrated on those processes which, from our point of view, determine geomagnetic phenomena on the surface of the earth. Because of the scope of the project, we had to exclude the processes of acceleration of high-energetic particles in the tail of the magnetosphere, their diffusion deep within, and the formation of the radiation belts. These problems are of independent interest and may be considered separately.When describing various phenomena we tried to stress the principal side of a question without regard to the details of one theory or other, though we did not keep to this principle throughout. Together with the results which are dealt with in the literature, we took the risk of including those considerations which are not as yet published. It mainly concerns Sections 2.3, 2.4, 3.4, 3.6, 3.7, and 4. where, together with other problems, three new hypotheses of the main phase of a storm and of Sq-variations are discussed. We prefer the mechanism connected with the current induction in the ionosphere (Section 4.4). For this purpose some aspects of magnetohydrodynamics were examined (Section 4.3).     

燃烧室中平均流速对速度耦合与压力耦合的影响

对热力发动机中存在的线性振荡燃烧的研究，通常假设速度耦合与压力耦合的作用独立无关且作用结果可以线性相加。本文通过对压耦合与速度耦合现象的分析，说明了使这一假设不合理的平均流速界限，并给予了实验证明。     

GPS／INS组合导航系统松、紧耦合性能比较

对GPS/INS组合导航系统的紧耦合算法进行了理论推导。详细分析了当INS元器件性能变差时,GPS/INS组合导航系统在不同耦合模式下的定位精度变化规律,得出采用紧耦合模式的组合导航系统比一般的松耦合方式能获得更好的定位精度;并通过仿真验证了该结论的正确。     

Modulation of Ring-Laser Mode Coupling

This paper develops an analytical, algebraic formalism that predicts effects induced in ring lasers by phase modulation, corresponding both to mode-decoupling mechanisms deliberately incorporated in the ring laser and to naturally occurring periodic or random angular or linear accelerations. The analysis is based on an approach that seems potentially convenient in the analysis of other systems that are physically stable but mathematically nonlinear.     

Particle acceleration in solar flares and some related phenomena

Observational features concerning solar energetic particles are compactly reviewed with some emphasis on the spectra and time histories. Velocity dependent characteristics in the energy spectra are pointed out, and compared to the results of the interplanetary shocks. A shock drift acceleration is introduced in order to interpret the observational features, especially a very fast acceleration to MeV energies within an order of second. There is a strong evidence of the shock drift acceleration in the interplanetary shocks. When some conditions are satisfied in the corona, only one or several encounters of particles with a near perpendicular shock accelerates protons to gamma-ray emitting energies (> 10 MeV). Pre-acceleration is inevitable for any kind of acceleration mechanisms in solar flares. To fulfill the requirements from the abundance ratios between various species of accelerated ions, pre-acceleration to the same velocities before the injection into a main acceleration process turns out to be absolutely necessary.     

Sprite-Producing Lightning-Ionosphere Coupling and Associated Low-Frequency Phenomena

Theoretical and experimental evidence is collected for additional ionization regions in the mesosphere above lightning discharges and their connection with transient luminous events (TLE). New insights are reported into the different appearances in the Very Low Frequency (VLF) link traces as affected by the mesospheric ionization regions. Based on these findings, physical processes going on in the ionization regions and their coupling to the primary lightning discharge process are conceptualized. Thereafter, some diagnostic potential is outlined. Finally, the ionization regions are considered as a transmitter of secondary low-frequency waves. The distinction is made between the primary electromagnetic waves emitted by the lightning and the secondary waves. As a consequence the Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) and Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) transient signatures observed on the ground are understood as a composite of both wave types. In addition a novel method is introduced to extract the charge moment change of a sprite producing lightning discharge.     

人机耦合振荡的研究现状与展望

文章综述了人机耦合振荡(APC)的分析预测方法、预测准则和相关飞行模拟技术方面的研究成果．以及APC抑制和在线探测技术的进展，分析给出了各种预测准则针对不同类型APC的有效性．提出了未来APC的研究重点。     

弹性飞行器动态耦合和控制综合研究

研究弹性飞行器的动态耦合问题，首先导出了非定常气动力作用下的弹性飞行器的纵向运动方程。就简化的非定常气动力数学模型提出了分析气动弹性飞行器稳定性的影响方法，而后对弹性飞行器的动态耦合特性提出了定性的分析方法。并从有效抑制飞行器的弹性振动角度，研究了主动反馈控制、操纵面及陀螺位置的合适选择的协同设计问题。     

直升机飞行过渡速度现象研究

针对直升机飞行中通过过渡速度时产生的振动、抬头、偏转和倾斜等一系列现象,从旋翼动力学的角度进行了深入的研究,并且给出了系统的解释.首先,分析了旋翼尾涡对直升机状态的影响;然后,研究了桨涡干涉效应,发现桨涡干涉效应导致旋翼前行桨叶平均拉力增加、后行桨叶平均拉力减小,这是引起直升机抬头、倾斜和振动的根本原因;最后,研究了起飞和着陆中通过过渡速度时操纵对策的差异及其原因.     

In-Situ CHAMP Observation of Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling

The coupling between the ionised plasma and the neutral thermospheric particles plays an important role for the dynamics of the upper atmosphere. Significant progress in understanding the related processes has been achieved thanks to the availability of continuous accurate measurements of thermospheric parameters like mass density and wind by high resolution accelerometers on board the satellites CHAMP and GRACE. Here we present some examples of ionosphere-thermosphere coupling where CHAMP observations contributed considerably to their interpretation. We start with the derived properties of the thermosphere at altitudes around 400 km. A new aspect is the significant control of the geomagnetic field geometry on thermospheric features. Phenomena discussed in some depths are the equatorial mass density anomaly, the cusp-related mass density enhancement and the thermospheric response to magnetospheric substorms. Here we consider both the effect on the density and on the wind. A?long predicted process is the wind-driven ionospheric F region dynamo. The high-resolution magnetic field measurements of CHAMP enabled for the first time a systematic study of that phenomenon considering longitudinal, local time, seasonal and solar flux dependences. Some open issues that require further investigations are mentioned at the end.     

弹簧销联轴器的失效分析及改进设计

本文针对弹簧销联轴器在实际应用过程中出现的失效情况进行了分析,并对其进行了改进设计,该改进能简化结构、降低成本。经静态试验证明,改进措施切实可行。     

Dynamic phenomena in the visible layers of sunspots

The empirical properties of the various dynamic phenomena are reviewed and interrelated with emphasis on recent observational results. The topics covered are:

1. Introduction
2. Aperiodic Phenomena
3. Externally Driven Phenomena
4. Umbral Flares
5. Inverse Evershed Flow
6. Internally Driven Phenomena
7. Penumbra
8. Penumbral Grains
9. Evershed Flow
10. Umbra
11. Umbral Dots
12. Inhomogeneity of the Umbral Magnetic Field
13. Umbral Turbulence
14. Oscillations and Waves
15. Chromosphere
16. Umbra: Oscillations and Flashes
17. Penumbra: Running Waves and Dark Puffs
18. Photosphere
19. Overview

It is proposed from the observations that umbral dots and penumbral grains are essentially the same phenomenon, and that the observational goal of highest priority with respect to both the origin of the periodic phenomena and the problem of the missing heat flux is to better determine the nature of these elementary bright features.     

柔性飞艇气动与变形耦合的数值模拟

软式飞艇在低充气内压和来流共同作用下,其整体结构刚度较小,应视为柔性体。飞艇所产生的柔性变形和流场之间的耦合已经成为大家越来越关注的问题。提出了一种解决充气飞艇囊体结构变形与流场变化之间耦合问题的方法,其中流场计算采用SIMPLE算法,固体变形计算采用静力非线性算法。结果表明：在零攻角条件下,飞艇的柔性变形对流场特性的影响不明显,由于气动载荷的作用,导致囊体内外压差产生变化,从而导致应力分布的变化,使得艇首系留部位加强和腰部撕裂强度之类的问题更加突出。     

机载天线间耦合度分析计算

在电磁兼容领域的研究中,时于两副天线所组成的系统的电磁兼容性,用耦合度来描述它们之间的相互作用是非常准确有效的方法.该耦合度由系统中发射天线增益、接收天线增益、天线极化匹配系数、屏蔽系数、发射与接收天线间最短距离等因素决定.仿真计算给出了飞机上不同部位两天线间的耦合系数.     

Laboratory experiments directed toward the investigation of magnetospheric phenomena

The penetration of fast electrons ( 5 keV) into an artificial magnetosphere and their precipitation on the terrella surface is investigated. These fast electrons act as radioactive tracers allowing the experimental determination of the global picture of plasma flow around the magnetosphere and its intrusion into the latter. Two different zones of precipitation are observed, distinctly separated on the day-side and merging into each other on the night-side. The high latitude penetration region on the day-side is not localized around the neutral points, but is stretched in longitude forming polar cusps toward dusk and dawn. The lower latitude precipitation zone, embracing the whole terrella is due to the particle precipitation from a radiation belt formed in this experiment. The source of these belt particles seems to be located in the plasmasheet on the night side. Besides the polar cusps, a plasma intrusion from the sides of the magnetosphere in the equatorial region is observed. This equatorial gap, originating on the day-side, is gradually transformed into the plasmasheet in the magnetospheric tail. On the basis of these experimental data a model of the magnetosphere is discussed.     

软件数据耦合影响分析方法

以软件中数据为核心,通过分析一个具有高度数据耦合、实时并发进程特点的武器装备飞行控制软件实例,提出一种实时软件数据耦合影响分析方法.该方法通过静态分析实时软件中全部共享数据的并发使用情况,可有效发现实时软件中因数据耦合和并发执行引起的共享数据冲突,消除软件的质量隐患.