脉冲射流控制现象的自激-外激耦合模型

为了阐释脉冲射流控制中出现的频率依赖性、位置依赖性、条件同步性及强度依赖性这4种现象,在弱非线性稳定性理论的基础上,建立了一种简化的自激-外激耦合模型,用于近似描述脉冲射流流动控制现象.该模型由偏微分方程组构成,特定情形下可简化为常微分方程进行求解,通过将求解结果与脉冲射流控制的数值模拟及实验数据进行对比,研究发现:该...     

Magnetic energy storage devices for small scale applications

The author considers basic principles of magnetic energy storage, structure requirements and limitations, configurations of inductors, attributes of high-T_c superconducting materials including thermal instabilities, a relative comparison with the state-of-the-art high energy density power sources, and refrigeration requirements. A review of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology reveals that the advent of high-temperature ceramic superconducting materials and advances in high strength materials and refrigeration technology are likely to facilitate fabrication of smaller SMES units. The design parameters of a micro superconducting magnetic energy unit for Air Force application are presented and discussed     

小尺度孔的流量系数试验

对小尺度孔的流量系数进行了试验研究,并讨论了其流量系数在不同几何和流动参数下的变化规律.小孔直径为0.5,1.0,2.0 mm和3.0 mm;孔间距为5,10和20;长径比为1,2和4;倾斜角为30°,60°和90°;雷诺数Re低于6 000.通过试验可得孔的倾斜角度是影响流量系数的决定性因素之一,孔径对流量系数有显著影响,长径比和孔间距对流量系数均有不同程度的影响.该结果对小尺度孔在叶片气膜或冲击冷却的设计和研究中有重要意义.     

小展弦比带掠风扇转子叶片的耦合颤振

从结构力学出发,对某发动机整体叶盘进行了盘片耦合振动特性分析,通过分析小展弦比带掠风扇转子叶片的共振转速、耦合颤振和失速颤振,发现了该小展弦比带掠风扇转子叶片存在2阶与3阶动频与静频振型发生变化的特殊现象,揭示了该小展弦比带掠风扇转子叶片为另一种耦合颤振的问题.通过对该小展弦比带掠风扇转子叶片的结构调整,找出了叶片前掠是该叶片发生此类特殊现象的重要影响因素,适当压缩该叶片的前掠后,从设计上避免了发生颤振的可能,提出叶片各阶频率的分离度需满足10％的设计要求.      

轻小型太阳能/氢能无人机发展综述

轻小型无人机（UAV）在军民领域都有着广泛的用途,电动无人机由于其振动低、无污染、无排放等优势,已经成为无人机领域的发展热点。为了提高轻小型电动无人机的航时,清洁、高能量密度的太阳能和氢能成为非常可行的技术途径之一。本文总结了轻小型太阳能、氢能无人机的发展历程;梳理了相关的关键技术,并对太阳能、氢能无人机的总体设计方法和能源动力系统的发展进行了较为深入的探讨;最后,展望了该类无人机的发展趋势,并对所面临的挑战进行了预测。     

微小型螺旋桨滑流内舵面操纵特性实验研究

微小型垂直起降飞行器悬停时往往采用螺旋桨滑流内舵面偏转进行姿态控制,但容易出现操纵力矩不足的问题。本文针对这一问题对微小型静推力状态螺旋桨与带舵面机翼的组合体进行了系统性的实验。通过对实验数据分析,本文指出通过优选螺旋桨几何参数可以改善操纵特性,并得出带舵面机翼不同构型对操纵特性影响的一系列结论,为如何改善此类飞行器悬停时的操纵特性提供了设计参考。     

Simulation of plasma behavior for medium propellant mass and pulsed energy of small scale pulsed inductive thruster

The pulsed inductive thruster is characterized of no electrode corruption and wide propellant choice. To give insight into the propulsion mechanism of small scale thruster at different propellant mass(m) and energy(E) levels, the transient Magneto Hydro Dynamics(MHD) method,completed by high temperature thermodynamic and transport, and plasma electrical models, is developed to study argon plasma response under the excitation of current of high rise rate. By calculating the two-dimensional expans...     

Magnetic storms and associated phenomena

This review will not merely be a précis of the literature in this field though a partial survey is attempted. A critical stand will be taken and a point of view put forward. Experiments to test this point of view and others will be suggested. Several new ideas are introduced.Two broad conditions of the magnetosphere are discussed, the quiet and the disturbed. During the quiet condition, the polar cap F region either glows red or is filled with a family of red auroral arcs parallel roughly to L-contours. Auroras near the auroral zone have an increasing amount of green (5577) coloration. The ionospheric F region exists even in winter over the polar caps despite the absence of solar ionizing radiation or obvious corpuscular bombardment. The red polar glow and the maintenance of the quiet polar winter F region are suggested to be accounted for by the cooling of plasma in the geomagnetic tail. These phenomena consume less than 0.01 of the energy and flux of the solar wind impinging on the magnetosphere. The relevance of dynamo theory to this quiet condition is discussed.During the disturbed condition, many phenomena such as polar magnetic substorms, auroral substorms, the sudden appearance of islands of energetic particles in the magnetosphere, and the rapid acceleration of auroral particles appear to call for the operation of an instability deep in the magnetosphere.The energetics of various facets of geomagnetic disturbance are discussed, and joule dissipation of ionospheric current is found to be a major sink of energy during storms. This causes significant heating of the ionosphere particularly at the site of auroral electrojets. Corpuscular bombardment may consume as much energy, but its heating effect is likely to be less.The stable auroral red arc (SAR-arc) observed equatorwards of normal active aurora during magnetic storms is a major sink of energy of a magnetospheric ring current. It is contended that the ring current generally consists of particles of energy of less than a few keV. It is suggested that the ring current is caused by the irreversible pumping and energisation of plasma from the outer to the inner magnetosphere. This pumping is achieved by the random electrostatic fields associated with the noisy component of geomagnetic disturbance. The SAR-arc must be a major feature of ring current theory.The consumption of energy in polar magnetic and auroral substorms, during a complete storm, is tentatively concluded to be far greater than that of the ring current. The ring current is considered to be a byproduct of magnetic disturbance on higher L-shells.The main phase of a storm should be considered, in storm analysis, as a separate entity from the initial phase, for physically they bear a tenuous and unpredictable relationship to one another. A new system of analysis is proposed in which the onset of geomagnetic noise rather than sudden commencement is taken as the origin of time, both for magnetic and ionospheric storms. This will enable analysis of storms with both gradual and sudden commencements to be made on a common basis.No reliable evidence is found to support the contention that magnetic storms are caused dominantly by neutral H-atoms ejected from the sun. In fact much evidence can be amassed to deny this hypothesis.     

Magnetospheric processes and related geophysical phenomena

In this paper we consider those processes mainly related to the behaviour of the low-energetic magnetospheric plasma, which nevertheless contains the main mass and the predominant part of the thermal energy. Our attention has been concentrated on those processes which, from our point of view, determine geomagnetic phenomena on the surface of the earth. Because of the scope of the project, we had to exclude the processes of acceleration of high-energetic particles in the tail of the magnetosphere, their diffusion deep within, and the formation of the radiation belts. These problems are of independent interest and may be considered separately.When describing various phenomena we tried to stress the principal side of a question without regard to the details of one theory or other, though we did not keep to this principle throughout. Together with the results which are dealt with in the literature, we took the risk of including those considerations which are not as yet published. It mainly concerns Sections 2.3, 2.4, 3.4, 3.6, 3.7, and 4. where, together with other problems, three new hypotheses of the main phase of a storm and of Sq-variations are discussed. We prefer the mechanism connected with the current induction in the ionosphere (Section 4.4). For this purpose some aspects of magnetohydrodynamics were examined (Section 4.3).     

燃烧室中平均流速对速度耦合与压力耦合的影响

对热力发动机中存在的线性振荡燃烧的研究，通常假设速度耦合与压力耦合的作用独立无关且作用结果可以线性相加。本文通过对压耦合与速度耦合现象的分析，说明了使这一假设不合理的平均流速界限，并给予了实验证明。     

GPS／INS组合导航系统松、紧耦合性能比较

对GPS/INS组合导航系统的紧耦合算法进行了理论推导。详细分析了当INS元器件性能变差时,GPS/INS组合导航系统在不同耦合模式下的定位精度变化规律,得出采用紧耦合模式的组合导航系统比一般的松耦合方式能获得更好的定位精度;并通过仿真验证了该结论的正确。     

Wave motions in the atmosphere and related ionospheric phenomena

We review important studies in the field of stratosphere-ionosphere coupling, including recent studies of wave motions of planetary waves, atmospheric tides and internal gravity waves in the atmosphere. The interrelation between stratospheric sudden warmings and winter anomaly of radio absorption, a dynamical model of stratospheric sudden warmings and some production mechanisms of intensified electron density in the D region are discussed. Other topics presented are atmospheric tides in the lower thermosphere including dynamo action, and internal gravity waves, by which we intend to explain travelling ionospheric disturbances in the F ₂ region and sporadic E layer at midlatitude (wave-enhanced sporadic E). Thermospheric winds are also reviewed and wind effects on the F ₂ layer are discussed. For each atmospheric event systematic observations of suitable physical quantities with proper time and spatial intervals are desirable.     

Particle acceleration in solar flares and some related phenomena

Observational features concerning solar energetic particles are compactly reviewed with some emphasis on the spectra and time histories. Velocity dependent characteristics in the energy spectra are pointed out, and compared to the results of the interplanetary shocks. A shock drift acceleration is introduced in order to interpret the observational features, especially a very fast acceleration to MeV energies within an order of second. There is a strong evidence of the shock drift acceleration in the interplanetary shocks. When some conditions are satisfied in the corona, only one or several encounters of particles with a near perpendicular shock accelerates protons to gamma-ray emitting energies (> 10 MeV). Pre-acceleration is inevitable for any kind of acceleration mechanisms in solar flares. To fulfill the requirements from the abundance ratios between various species of accelerated ions, pre-acceleration to the same velocities before the injection into a main acceleration process turns out to be absolutely necessary.     

Shock train and pseudo-shock phenomena in internal gas flows

The interaction between a normal shock wave and a boundary layer along a wall surface in internal compressible flows causes a very complicated flow. When the shock is strong enough to separate the boundary layer, the shock is bifurcated and one or more shocks appear downstream of the bifurcated shock. A series of shocks thus formed, called “shock train”, is followed by an adverse pressure gradient region, if the duct is long enough. Thus the effect of the interaction extends over a great distance. The flow is decelerated from supersonic to subsonic through the whole interaction region. In this sense, the interaction region including the shock train in it is referred to as “pseudo-shock” in the present paper, as Crocco called it. The shock train and pseudo-shock strongly affect the performance and efficiency of various flow devices. In the present review some fundamental characteristics of the shock train and pseudo-shock are first described. Some simple predictions are made to simulate these very complicated phenomena. Pseudo-shocks appearing in various flow devices are explained. Control methods of the pseudo-shocks are also described. Finally, the current understanding of self-excited oscillation of pseudo-shock is reviewed.     

圆弧端齿联轴器定位机理研究

为了获得圆弧端齿联轴器定位精度设计和评估方法,对圆弧端齿联轴器定位机理进行了理论研究。阐述了圆弧端齿联轴器采用的弹性平均定位法及其定位原理,分析了常见的弹性平均结构设计误区,指出了影响弹性平均定位效果的关键因素。通过对圆弧端齿齿面受力分析,揭示了齿面结构参数对定心效果的影响机理,提出了齿面结构参数满足定心要求的必要条件,并根据圆弧端齿联轴器结构特点,构建了定位结构超静定系统力学模型。利用超静定系统平衡方程,结合变形协调条件,推导了圆弧端齿联轴器轴向偏差和同心偏差计算方法,并给出了定位偏差计算算例。结果表明,装配力和弹性补偿是弹性平均定位的关键要素,定位结构应保证接触面在装配力的作用下可以产生有效弹性补偿;联轴器轴向偏差和同心偏差受单齿刚度影响,随着刚度弱化的相邻齿数增加,轴向偏差变化率有逐渐增大趋势。     

Modulation of Ring-Laser Mode Coupling

This paper develops an analytical, algebraic formalism that predicts effects induced in ring lasers by phase modulation, corresponding both to mode-decoupling mechanisms deliberately incorporated in the ring laser and to naturally occurring periodic or random angular or linear accelerations. The analysis is based on an approach that seems potentially convenient in the analysis of other systems that are physically stable but mathematically nonlinear.     

基于有限元法的转子细观结构对宏观刚度的影响

基于有限元法,通过研究转子内部细观结构非线性环节对宏观系统动力学参数影响的规律,构建了降维映射函数的研究思路.针对某型航空发动机轮盘拉杆螺栓接触结构,通过适当简化转子模型,利用ANSYS软件分析轮盘不同偏心状况下,拉杆螺栓不同预紧状态对宏观刚度的影响,探究其刚度非线性特性.结果表明:螺栓均匀预紧,预紧力变化,转子系统非线性特征的变化趋势与偏心夹角有关;半数螺栓松动,偏心夹角越大、松动预紧力越小,非线性特征越明显.      

直升机飞行过渡速度现象研究

针对直升机飞行中通过过渡速度时产生的振动、抬头、偏转和倾斜等一系列现象,从旋翼动力学的角度进行了深入的研究,并且给出了系统的解释.首先,分析了旋翼尾涡对直升机状态的影响;然后,研究了桨涡干涉效应,发现桨涡干涉效应导致旋翼前行桨叶平均拉力增加、后行桨叶平均拉力减小,这是引起直升机抬头、倾斜和振动的根本原因;最后,研究了起飞和着陆中通过过渡速度时操纵对策的差异及其原因.