数字多频陷波滤波器的改进设计方法

数字多频陷波滤波器主要用于消除数字信号中包含的多个频率分量.针对经典设计方法存在的局限性,提出了数字多频陷波滤波器的改进设计方法,即充分利用陷波滤波器的幅度响应和全通滤波器的相位响应的映射关系,将陷波滤波器设计问题转化为全通滤波器的设计问题.详细论述了改进设计方法的基本原理和实现过程,仿真验证结果表明所提出的设计方法有很好的稳定性和有效性.      

针对机动目标的改进UFIR跟踪算法

在机动目标跟踪中,卡尔曼滤波器(KF)及其改进算法的性能依赖于过程噪声统计特性的准确性,若模型过程噪声与实际存在偏差,通常会出现估计误差增大甚至发散的现象.无偏有限冲击响应滤波器(UFIR)在滤波过程中无需过程噪声统计特性的先验知识,将其应用于机动目标跟踪中,针对现有UFIR滤波器中广义噪声功率增益(GNPG)不随量测新息变化的问题,设计了一种根据相邻时刻量测新息比值动态调整GNPG的改进UFIR滤波器,改善了UFIR滤波器的机动检测能力.仿真结果表明,当假定过程噪声准确时,现有和改进UFIR滤波器与KF的跟踪性能相似;但当假定过程噪声不准确时,改进UFIR滤波器具有最佳的滤波效果.     

电子回旋共振推力器放电室内磁场与微波电磁场分析

电子回旋共振推力器具有寿命长、比冲高、结构简单等特点,适宜用作深空探测器主推进装置。放电室是电子回旋共振推力器的关键部件,其作用是产生电子回旋共振等离子体。放电室内的磁场和微波电磁场分布对于推力器的可靠启动、稳定工作有着重要的影响。为此针对10cm推力器,采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了三种磁路模型,计算了放电室内的磁场分布,得出三种方案中电子回旋共振面的位置,分析放电室材料不同时磁场分布的变化;最后采用ANSYS有限元分析软件计算了放电室内的电磁场分布。结果表明,在电子回旋共振面上微波能量满足放电所需能量。计算结果可以为电子回旋共振推力器放电室的设计提供帮助。     

木星环绕探测任务中的内带电风险评估

木星拥有类似地球辐射带的辐射带结构,其辐射带质子通量是地球的10倍,高能电子通量比地球高2~3个数量级,且最高能量可达1 Ge V。因此木星探测任务的抗辐射设计是任务成功的关键。选择3种不同倾角大椭圆探测轨道,仿真分析了2种介质在变化能谱下的内带电过程。仿真结果表明,对于环氧树脂(Fr4),由于电阻相对较小,电子通量较大的近木点的充电电荷,会在远离辐射带时泄放,其最大充电电场取决于近木点的电子通量;对于聚酰亚胺(Kapton),由于电阻相对较大,充电电荷不能及时泄放,不同轨道间电荷逐渐累计,最大电场不断增加。另外,环木轨道倾角越大,越有利于降低充电电场。和地球GEO轨道相比,不同电阻介质在环木轨道的充电差异相对地球GEO轨道较小。     

Occurrence features of simultaneous H+- and He+-band EMIC emissions in the outer radiation belt

As an important loss mechanism of radiation belt electrons, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves show up as three distinct frequency bands below the hydrogen (H⁺), helium (He⁺), and oxygen (O⁺) ion gyrofrequencies. Compared to O⁺-band EMIC waves, H⁺- and He⁺-band emissions generally occur more frequently and result in more efficient scattering removal of <～5?MeV relativistic electrons. Therefore, knowledge about the occurrence of these two bands is important for understanding the evolution of the relativistic electron population. To evaluate the occurrence pattern and wave properties of H⁺- and He⁺-band EMIC waves when they occur concurrently, we investigate 64 events of multi-band EMIC emissions identified from high quality Van Allen Probes wave data. Our quantitative results demonstrate a strong occurrence dependence of the multi-band EMIC emissions on magnetic local time (MLT) and L-shell to mainly concentrate on the dayside region of L?=?～4–6. We also find that the average magnetic field amplitude of H⁺-band waves is larger than that of He⁺-band waves only when L?<?4.5 and AE¹?<?300?nT, and He⁺-band emissions are more intense under all other conditions. In contrast to 5 events that have average H⁺-band amplitude over 2 nT, 19 events exhibit >2 nT He⁺-band amplitude, indicating that the He⁺-band waves can be more easily amplified than the H⁺-band waves under the same circumstances. For simultaneous occurrences of the two EMIC wave bands, their frequencies vary with L-shell and geomagnetic activity: the peak wave frequency of H⁺-band emissions varies between 0.25 and 0.8 f_cp with the average between 0.25 and 0.6 f_cp, while that of He⁺-band emissions varies between 0.03 and 0.23 f_cp with the average between 0.05 and 0.15 f_cp. These newly observed occurrence features of simultaneous H⁺- and He⁺-band EMIC emissions provide improved information to quantify the overall contribution of multi-band EMIC waves to the loss processes of radiation belt electrons.     

Reanalysis of radiation belt electron phase space density using various boundary conditions and loss models

Data assimilation is becoming an increasingly important tool for understanding the near Earth hazardous radiation environments. Reanalysis of the radiation belts can be used to identify the electron acceleration mechanism and distinguish local acceleration from radial diffusion. However, for any practical applications we need to determine how reliable is reanalysis, and how significant is the dependence of the results on the assumptions of the code and choice of boundary conditions. We present the sensitivity of reanalysis of the radiation belt electron phase space density (PSD) to the assumed location of the outer boundary, using the VERB code and a Kalman filter. We analyze the sensitivity of reanalysis to changes in the electron-loss throughout the domain, and the sensitivity to the assumed boundary condition and its effect on the innovation vector. All the simulations presented in this study for all assumed loss models and boundary conditions, show that peaks in the phase space density of relativistic electrons build up between 4.5 and 6 R_E during relativistic electron flux enhancements in the outer radiation belt. This clearly shows that peaks build up in the heart of the electron radiation belt independent of the assumptions in the model, and that local acceleration is operating there. The work here is also an important step toward performing reanalysis using observations from current and future missions.     

大气层内拦截弹脉冲姿控发动机快响应控制

气动控制在低动压时其效率会有相当下降,为了使导弹在低动压时仍然具有一定的快速响应性,在导弹上安装脉冲姿控发动机参与姿态控制是一条可行的途径.对此方法的应用作了初步研究.分析了脉冲发动机作用对导弹动力学的影响,在一系列的简化后设计了俯仰平面内的控制策略,其设计思想是用气动舵平衡气动力矩使总的气动力矩为零,使导弹姿态主要由脉冲姿控发动机来控制,并用俯仰角的变化代替攻角的变化设计脉冲姿控发动机控制策略.给出了对阶跃加速度指令的响应仿真结果,表明在具有足够动压时气动控制仍可同脉冲姿控发动机控制媲美,而在低动压时脉冲姿控发动机相对气动控制具有较大优势.      

二次包封CMOS器件电子辐照实验研究

对CMOS器件54HCT00进行了复合材料的二次包封,研制了试验电路板,在器件加电工作下进行电子辐照试验的动态测试.结果表明,二次封装的器件抗总剂量的能力提高了1-2个数量级,得到了预期的数据和结果.这些工作为商用器件的空间开拓使用提供了很好的途径.     

基于四元数理论的彩色图像脉冲噪声开关滤波

根据四元数单位变换理论定义了一种新的描述彩色图像像素点间差异的距离,该距离可以同时描述两个彩色像素点在强度和色度上的差异.利用该距离和图像边缘的结构性与方向性,构造了一种基于四元数的开关型彩色图像脉冲噪声滤波器.该滤波器对像素点进行4个方向上的噪声检测并仅对检测为噪声的像素点进行滤波.实验表明:该滤波器能够在去除彩色图像中的相关和非相关噪声的同时保护图像细节,同时具有比传统方法更快的执行速度.     

地磁场的长期变化对辐射带质子通量计算的影响

用不同年代的国际地磁参考场(IGR)模式及最新的辐射带粒子通量模式,计算了低高度上空间某点的辐射带质子通量随时间的变化,讨论了地磁场的长期变化对L-B坐标及辐射带带电粒子通量计算的影响,对正确使用地磁场模式计算磁壳参量L及辐射带粒子通量模式给予了说明和建议.     

基于ABAQUS的三轴转台随机响应分析

运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对某三轴转台模型进行模态分析,得出该转台的谐振频率及振型。通过对三轴转台进行了结构上的改进,提升了转台的谐振频率值。最后进行随机响应分析,输出转台上某结点的加速度曲线。这些相关数据和曲线为三轴转台的振动试验提供了理论支持。     

空间电子辐射环境探测载荷测试定标试验平台研制

介绍了中国科学院国家空间科学中心新建成的空间电子辐射环境探测载荷测试定标试验平台.该平台由中、高能极弱流电子加速器以及内置多维真空转台的真空靶室试验终端组成,用于对星载空间电子辐射探测器进行地面加速器测试定标.重点描述了为得到中能极弱流均匀平行束,采用电子轨迹程序Egun对中能极弱流电子加速器进行的物理设计和模拟计算,给出球形结构电子枪在栅网孔不加栅网、加理想栅网和直径1mm孔栅网以及在不同加速管出口能量情况下,初聚系统和加速管以及经过二次扩束时输运段中电子轨迹的模拟结果.最终得出能够实现电子枪初始束流减弱8个数量级,获得满足测试定标试验需求的极弱流均匀平行电子束（在试验终端直径50mm靶上束流面密度为10⁵~10⁹cm^-2·s^-1）的结论.     

中地球轨道高能电子辐射环境特性分析

采用中国中地球轨道卫星在太阳活动下降相到上升相的高能电子探测数据, 首次分析研究了该轨道高能电子环境的空间分布、通量强度、时序变化以及对地磁暴活动响应的特性. 结果表明, 中地球轨道高能电子的空间分布 范围稳定, 电子通量强度随能量升高而下降; 中地球轨道高能电子环境是 一个在不同时间尺度上剧烈变化的动态系统, 该系统可能间歇性地出现27天重 现性变化, 该系统变化受地磁暴事件调制, 但其对磁暴的响应呈现出非线性特征.     

Spacecraft formation and orbit control using differential attitude-dependent solar radiation pressure

This paper introduces a linear model for spacecraft formation dynamics subject to attitude-dependent solar radiation pressure (SRP) disturbance, with the SRP model accounting for both absorption and specular/diffuse reflection. Spacecraft attitude is represented in modified Rodriguez parameters (MRPs), which also parameterize the orientation of individual facets for a spacecraft with fixed geometry. Compared to earlier work, this model incorporates analytic approximation of the SRP-perturbed chief orbit behavior in a manner enabling its use in applications with infrequent guidance updates. Control examples are shown for single-plate representations of hypothetical spacecraft with generally realistic optical parameters. The results demonstrate the validity of the model and the feasibility of SRP-based formation and rendezvous control in orbits around small bodies and in high orbits around the Earth such as the GEO belt.     

基于ABAQUS的三轴转台随机响应分析

运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对某三轴转台模型进行模态分析,得出该转台的谐振频率及振型。通过对三轴转台进行了结构上的改进,提升了转台的谐振频率值。最后进行随机响应分析,输出转台上某结点的加速度曲线。这些相关数据和曲线为三轴转台的振动试验提供了理论支持。     

Estimation of flexible space tether state based on end measurement by finite element Kalman filter state estimator

This paper proposes a novel finite element Kalman filter to estimate the unmeasurable state of space tether systems based on the measured state at its ends only. The finite element method calculates the unmeasurable internal state as the virtual measurement based on the dynamic model of the system by imposing the input of measured state at the boundary to the model using the Lagrange multiplier method in the spatial space. Combining the real and virtual measurement into a hybrid measurement model of the system, the full state is reconstructed and propagated in the temporal space by the extended Kalman filter. Two state-space system models, the dynamics-based and kinematics-based state models, in the Kalman filter are explored. The observability and stability of the newly proposed finite element Kalman filter are examined and proved. The advantages of the proposed state estimator are (i) the singularity in the virtual measurement of state caused by the number of internal state greater than the number of state measured at the boundary is eliminated in the statistic meaning by the Kalman filter, and (ii) the effects of noises of the observation data and the uncertainties of model discretization are considered and minimized. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed state estimator is demonstrated by the numerical analysis of a space tether system orbiting around the Earth. The results show the proposed state estimator with only measured state at the ends of the tether successfully provides an accurate time history estimation of geometric configuration and motion of the entire tether. Moreover, the results also show the difference caused by the dynamics-based and kinematics-based system models in the state estimator is negligible. The kinematics-based system model should be used in the state estimator due to its significantly low computational load. Finally, the proposed method can be easily applied for the state estimation process for other space tethered spacecraft systems.     

空间粒子辐射对卫星中集成芯片的影响

本文分析了在“风云一号(B)”气象卫星环境中各种粒子辐射在集成芯片临界体积中产生的能量沉积, 即LET(线性能量传输);得到了银河宇宙线1≤Z≤28、银河宇宙线异常成分(C、N、O、Ne、Ar、Fe)、内辐射带质子等产生的LET, 计算了其分别产生的单粒于事件(SEU)翻转率。     

采用FRM的窄过渡带奇型排列结构改进方法

为了解决数字信道化中窄过渡带滤波器组计算复杂度较高的问题,提出了一种采用频率响应屏蔽（FRM）的窄过渡带奇型排列非最大抽取滤波器组高效结构。在设计该结构的原型滤波器时,首先通过对原型滤波器进行插值得到FRM上支路的滤波器,然后将信号延时与插值后的滤波器相减得到位于下支路的互补滤波器,再利用屏蔽滤波器对插值产生的多余镜像进行屏蔽,最终得到所设计的FRM滤波器。对该改进结构进行了MATLAB仿真,仿真结果验证了该改进结构的正确性。与多相滤波器组结构相比,采用该结构可节省约80%的乘法器资源。由于该改进结构中将抽取提前,降低了系统采样率的限制条件,可以直接应用于高速采样系统中。     

基于电子密度同化的热层大气密度预报方法

采用热层电离层耦合模式TIEGCM和集合卡尔曼滤波同化方法,利用同化COSMIC电离层掩星电子密度数据优化热层电离层参量,并将模式预报的大气密度与CHAMP卫星大气密度数据进行对比,分别开展模拟和实测数据的同化预报实验.在模拟数据同化实验中,状态向量包含温度、风场和离子成分的实验结果表明,仅优化温度即可达到最优的热层大气密度预报效果.在实测数据同化实验中,将温度作为状态向量参数,优化结果表明,循环同化过程中模式预报的大气密度相对偏差的均方根误差在48h内从38%减小到27%,同化稳定时间至少需要30h.预报过程中大气密度预报效果的改善持续时间为34h.这表明电子密度同化能够改善热层大气密度的预报精度,设计的实验方案合理可行,可获得较长的预报时效.