Evaluation of GPS Ionospheric Time-Delay Model

For single-frequency global positioning system (GPS) users,uncompensated ionospheric GPS-signal time delay is the largestsource of range-measurement error, contributing as much as 100 m.To improve performance for these users, a numeric model of theionospheric range error was incorporated into the GPS system. Thispaper presents an assessment of that model in which actualionospheric time-delay values as measured by GPS dual-frequencyreceivers were compared with model values computed at the sametime points. Comparison was made over a broad range of conditionswith dependency of model accuracy on several of the modelparameters. It appears that the model leads to an overall reductionin rms range measurement error of 60 percent.     

高动态GPS卫星信号模拟器电离层延迟误差模拟方法研究

电离层延迟误差是GPS测量中非常重要的一项误差源,也是高动态GPS卫星信号模拟器要解决的一项关键技术。电离层延迟误差与目标的空间位置有关,在分析地面用户和空问用户不同电离层延迟误差修正方法的基础上,研究了卫星信号模拟器电离层延迟误差产生的途径,并给出了相应的数学模型,解决了不同应用环境下导航电8个电离层修正参数的计算问题,通过仿真计算,验证了本所提出的电离层延迟计算模型的正确性。     

三频GPS改正电离层折射误差高阶项的方法

在研究电离层折射对GPS测量的影响及电离层折射误差模型的基础上,采用电离层折射误差双频改正方法,针对GPS现代化和Galileo计划中增加的第三个民用导航频率,提出了运用三频观测值将电离层折射误差改正至二阶项的方法;并系统地推导了三频载波相位观测值无电离层折射组合方程,从而进一步提高了GPS的定位精度。     

Daytime Ionosphere Retrieval Algorithm for the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON)

The NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer Extreme Ultraviolet spectrograph, ICON EUV, will measure altitude profiles of the daytime extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) OII emission near 83.4 and 61.7 nm that are used to determine density profiles and state parameters of the ionosphere. This paper describes the algorithm concept and approach to inverting these measured OII emission profiles to derive the associated \(\mathrm{O}^{+}\) density profile from 150–450 km as a proxy for the electron content in the F-region of the ionosphere. The algorithm incorporates a bias evaluation and feedback step, developed at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory using data from the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager (SSULI) and the Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS) missions, that is able to effectively mitigate the effects of systematic instrument calibration errors and inaccuracies in the original photon source within the forward model. Results are presented from end-to-end simulations that convolved simulated airglow profiles with the expected instrument measurement response to produce profiles that were inverted with the algorithm to return data products for comparison to truth. Simulations of measurements over a representative ICON orbit show the algorithm is able to reproduce hmF2 values to better than 5 km accuracy, and NmF2 to better than 12% accuracy over a 12-second integration, and demonstrate that the ICON EUV instrument and daytime ionosphere algorithm can meet the ICON science objectives which require 20 km vertical resolution in hmF2 and 18% precision in NmF2.     

一种快速检测GPS卫星完好性风险的方法

提出了一种观测量组合算法对完好性风险进行了监测;并针对多接收机单统计量的线性组合进行了讨论;最后利用实际数据对该统计方法进行验证。研究结果表明:在发生失效的情况下,观测量组合算法能够更快地监测故障的发生,提高了对故障的检测速度,同时可检测出小偏差故障,降低系统的漏检率。     

Electronically Variable Time-Delay Network for Broad-Band Phased-Array Steering

This paper describes an electronically variable time-elay network that has been developed specffically for time-delay steering of a phased-array antenna. The network consists of microwave dispersive delay lines and two broad-band mixers; its delay is a function of the mixers' local oscillator frequency. The particularly advantageous feature of this network is that its phase is invariant with delay. It can, therefore, be used on a subarray basis, and at IF, without affecting the phase progression across the array. Alternative techniques, such as electron-beam delay lines and digitally switched line lengths, require external phase correction. A breadboard model of the network has been built and tested. Low-loss folded-tape meader lines provide the dispersive delay. The center frequency of the model is 3 GHz; it handles an instantaneous bandwidth of 300 MHz. Delay variation of 25 ns is provided. The spurious responses of the network are 30 dB down.     

GPS测试数据处理中的滤波模型及算法

弹射试验测试的系统状态及量测过程都会受到随机噪声的影响,使用卡尔曼滤波可以有效消除这些随机噪声带来的误差.但卡尔曼滤波效果依赖于系统的运动模型,适宜的系统模型可以取得良好的滤波效果.本文针对高动态测试系统的特点.建立了加速度当前统计模型的卡尔曼自适应滤波算法.并给出了仿真结果及试验结果.结果表明,该滤波算法可以有效提高系统测试精度.     

基于单天线GPS的伪姿态测量算法研究

介绍了根据单天线GPS速度测量值测定载体伪姿态的基本算法原理,建立了卡尔曼滤波方程,改进了伪航向角的计算和卡尔曼滤波模型,并进行了算法仿真。结果表明,在载体进行中高速飞行时,单天线测姿算法具有较高的精度,基本满足常规姿态测量要求。     

Flight Test Evaluation of a New GPS Attitude Determination Algorithm

A new Global Positioning System (GPS) Attitude Determination Algorithm (GADA) is proposed, featuring the capability to keep its accuracy, even when the line-of-sight angle (LOS) of a given satellite vehicle (SV) is below the GPS horizontal antenna plane (HAP). The GADA model has been developed and evaluated through simulations and flight test campaigns, which comprised static and dynamic flight profiles, to best characterize the algorithm performance. As attitude reference a complete flight tests instrumentation (FTI) system was integrated into the testbed for the flight test campaign. The attitude measurements given by GADA and REQUEST algorithms are compared with those given by FTI (i.e., reference system). The results show that GADA accuracy is significantly better than that of REQUEST, for all flight conditions.     

Daytime O/N<Subscript>2</Subscript> Retrieval Algorithm for the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON)

The NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer Far-Ultraviolet spectrometer, ICON FUV, will measure altitude profiles of the daytime far-ultraviolet (FUV) OI 135.6 nm and N₂ Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) band emissions that are used to determine thermospheric density profiles and state parameters related to thermospheric composition; specifically the thermospheric column O/N₂ ratio (symbolized as \(\Sigma\)O/N₂). This paper describes the algorithm concept that has been adapted and updated from one previously applied with success to limb data from the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) on the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission. We also describe the requirements that are imposed on the ICON FUV to measure \(\Sigma\)O/N₂ over any 500-km sample in daytime with a precision of better than 8.7%. We present results from orbit-simulation testing that demonstrates that the ICON FUV and our thermospheric composition retrieval algorithm can meet these requirements and provide the measurements necessary to address ICON science objectives.     

基于功率倒置算法的GPS抗干扰实时系统实现

实现了基于功率倒置算法的GPS抗干扰实时系统,并且提出了一种低复杂度的实现算法。运用Xilinx公司的Virtex-4以及TI公司的TMS320C6416T硬件平台．采用双FPGA＋单DSP结构来实现整个算法。实验结果表明,GPS信号经过实时抗干扰系统处理后,可以运用普通的接收机进行实时、精确的定位。该系统具有兼容性好、精度高等优点。     

Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model for the Ionospheric Connection Explorer: TIEGCM-ICON

The NASA Ionospheric Connection explorer (ICON) will study the coupling between the thermosphere and ionosphere at low- and mid-latitudes by measuring the key parameters. The ICON mission will also employ numerical modeling to support the interpretation of the observations, and examine the importance of different vertical coupling mechanisms by conducting numerical experiments. One of these models is the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model-ICON (TIEGCM-ICON) which will be driven by tidal perturbations derived from ICON observations using the Hough Mode Extension method (HME) and at high latitude by ion convection and auroral particle precipitation patterns from the Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE). The TIEGCM-ICON will simulate the thermosphere-ionosphere (TI) system during the period of the ICON mission. In this report the TIEGCM-ICON is introduced, and the focus is on examining the effect of the lower boundary on the TI-system to provide some guidance for interpreting future ICON model results.     

GPS仿真器设计

GPS是当今世界运行最为广泛的卫星定位、导航系统,研究GPS仿真器的设计,从而为飞机模拟器提供虚拟定位数据具有重要的现实意义.通过GPS卫星星座运动分析、最佳定位四颗星选择和GPS接收机设计,将由飞机仿真计算机得到的飞机位置信息转换成CPS信号输入飞控计算机,以实现GPS导航仿真实验.     

对GPS／INS制导巡航导弹GPS干扰方法的探讨

目前GPS/INS制导已成为精确制导武器的核心。本文根据GPS信号特点及GPS/INS制导机理,通过对压制干扰和欺骗干扰技术及其对GPS接收机影响的分析,着重探讨对GPS/INS制导巡航导弹GPS干扰的方法。若要提高对GPS/INS制导巡航导弹实施远距离干扰的效果,而又使干扰机功率不是很大,则需建立多层次、分布式、立体式、小功率GPS干扰体系。     

STAP for GPS receiver synchronization

A space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithm for delay tracking and acquisition of the GPS signature sequence with interference rejection capability is developed. The interference can consist of both broadband and narrowband jammers, and is mitigated in two steps. The narrowband jammers are modelled as vector autoregressive (VAR) processes and rejected by temporal whitening. The spatial ing is implicitly achieved by estimating a sample covariance matrix and feeding its inverse into the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The EKF estimates of the code delay and the fading channel are used for a t-test for acquisition detection. Computer simulations demonstrate robust performance of the algorithm in severe jamming, and also show that the algorithm outperforms the conventional delay-locked loop (DLL).     

GPS based IPS for ERP vehicles

GPS is an innovative technique for an electronic road pricing (ERP) system. By using GPS technology, ERP systems will be extremely efficient and cost-effective. This paper describes the next generation of ERP in Singapore and proposes a GPS based multisensor positioning system for ERP vehicles. Multisensor fusion algorithms are presented for the integration system. The integrated positioning system (IPS) developed in this paper makes it possible to realize GPS based ERP with a simple composition and low cost     

Ground monitoring schemes for GPS integrity channel

Issues involved in the design and implementation of the ground monitor segment Global Positioning System (GPS) are analyzed. In particular, two alternative ground monitoring schemes are presented and compared, one using classified GPS information, and the other not. For each scheme, processing functions that must be performed by the ground monitoring segment are identified, considering both the impact of selective availability on monitoring and the integrity decision concept recommended by the Global Integrity Channel (GIC) Working Group of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics Special Committee-159     

Multicomponent receiver architectures for GPS interference suppression

The global positioning system (GPS) is a one-way satellite-based navigation system employing spread-spectrum techniques that is widely used for commercial and military applications. Although the very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is handled by the large spreading gain, GPS is susceptible to high-power interference signals and various types of jammers. We propose multicomponent receiver architectures for GPS interference suppression. A conventional antenna system is first considered which utilizes a minimum-variance distortionless-response (MVDR) beam former and assumes that the GPS signal angle of arrival (AOA) and the antenna model are known at the receiver. However, this receiver is sensitive to AOA estimation errors and can have a high computational complexity. This sensitivity problem is eliminated by a multicomponent system based on a multistage matched filter (MF). Since this MF receiver also has a high computational complexity because the jammer AOAs must be estimated, we introduce a blind interference canceler based on the constant modulus (CM) array that is insensitive to AOA estimation errors and has a low computational complexity. Computer simulations are provided to illustrate the performance of the various systems for interference suppression in example signal scenarios.     

Low C/N_0 Carrier Tracking Loop Based on Optimal Estimation Algorithm in GPS Software Receivers

Suppressing jitter noises in a phase locked loop(PLL) is of great importance in order to keep precise and continuous track of global positioning system(GPS) signals characterized by low carrier-to-noise ratio(C/N0).This article proposes and analyzes an improved Kalman-filter-based PLL to process weak carrier signals in GPS software receivers.After reviewing the optimal-bandwidth-based traditional second-order PLL,a Kalman-filter-based estimation algorithm is implemented for the new PLL by decorrelating the model error noises and the measurement noises.Finally,the efficiency of this new Kalman-filter-based PLL is verified by experimental data.Compared to the traditional second-order PLL,this new PLL is in position to make correct estimation of the carrier phase differences and Doppler shifts with less overshoots and noise disturbances and keeps an effective check on the disturbances out of jitter noises in PLL.The results show that during processing normal signals,this improved PLL reduces the standard deviation from 0.010 69 cycle to 0.007 63 cycle,and for weak signal processing,the phase jitter range and the Doppler shifts can be controlled within ±17° and ±5Hz as against ±25° and ±15 Hz by the traditional PLL.