Semipassive Pitch Attitude Control of Satellites by Solar Radiation Pressure

Pitch attitude control of earth-pointing satellites by solar radiation pressure is investigated. Development of a controller that is simple to implement and yet promises asymptotic stability of the system is presented. The analysis establishes the capability of the solar controller in stabilizing even the gravitationally unstable equilibrium orientation. The semipassive nature of the system promises an increased operational lifetime for the satellite.     

大气密度模型用于近地卫星定轨预报的比较

大气阻力是低轨卫星主要的摄动力,与高层大气密度的变化密切相关。由于目前对高层大气密度变化的机制尚未完全掌握,所使用的各种大气密度模型多属于半经验公式。在这些模型中并没有一种在任何情况下都是最好的,因此,对于特定轨道选择合适的大气密度模型对提高定轨预报的精度是非常重要的。通过对资源2号卫星实测GPS数据的分析计算,比较了常用的8种大气密度模型的定轨预报精度,探讨了预报24h应采用的定轨数据长度和大气密度模型。     

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) capability forsole-means GPS navigation in the oceanic phase of flight

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM), a GPS integrity monitoring scheme that uses redundant ranging signals to detect a satellite malfunction that results in a large range error, involves two functions: detection of the presence of a malfunctioning satellite and identification of which satellite (or satellites) is malfunctioning. An analysis is presented of GPS RAIM capability for sole-means navigation in the oceanic phase of flight, where the position protection limit requirement for the integrity function is not as stringent as for nonprecision approaches, and yet both detection and identification function may be required if GPS is to be used as a sole-means system. For this purpose, a detection and identification algorithm is developed which takes advantage of the fact that for the oceanic phase of flight, a much larger position error is acceptable than for the nonprecision approach phase of flight. The performance of this algorithm and an algorithm proposed previously by others is estimated via simulation and compared. On the basis of the results, recommendations are made on how RAIM may be used if GPS is to be coupled with an inertial system to provide a sole-means capability in the oceanic phase of flight     

Particle measurements on an ESRO satellite (Neutral-1) in a highly eccentric Polar orbit

Conclusion A satellite such as Neutral-1 should be instrumented with magnetometers, plasma detectors, and detectors of energetic particles, and flown to an altitude of some 26 R _E in a high-inclination orbit. It can thus probe regions of the magnetosphere of particular importance but as yet unexplored. It also is in an orbit that offers the optimum variety of phenomena to be explored, with the additional advantage that the characteristics of each phenomenon can be compared one with the other and the interrelation of these phenomena deduced. Such a satellite offers unique opportunities to investigate a multitude of unknown phenomena, such as the origin and energization of the particles that cause auroras and constitute Van Allen radiation. It can also potentially yield data to help solve long-lived problems, viz.: do the particles that cause auroras come from the sun, and how does a ripple in the solar corona ultimately feed energy into the magnetosphere at an average rate of 10¹⁷-10¹⁸ ergs/sec? Someone should fly such a satellite at the earliest opportunity and certainly by sunspot maximum (1969) since the existing satellite and instrumental technology is adequate.     

Review of energetic (> 20 ke V) bremsstrahlung X-ray measurements from satellites

Worldwide maps of electron precipitation into the atmosphere can be obtained remotely with a unique separation of spatial and temporal variations by sensing from a satellite the bremsstrahlung X-rays produced in the atmosphere by the incident electrons. From X-ray measurements electron fluxes and energy spectra can be derived over a broad range of energies under both daytime and nighttime conditions. The technique was first demonstrated in 1972 and has now been used sucessfully in several programs. The most continuous and widespread coverage can clearly be achieved from high altitudes, but even at only a few hundred kilometers it has been possible to obtain mappings over a wide area since bremsstrahlung X-ray fluxes are often rather steady in time during the few minute duration of a low altitude satellite pass over the polar region. The satellite bremsstrahlung data already acquired have provided information on the long term morphology of the total fluxes and energy spectra of bremsstrahlung X-rays emitted from a large area and have shown that pronounced longitude structure commonly occurs in the X-ray emissions. The data have tended to be complementary in nature to that obtained by the more well established technique of measuring bremsstrahlung X-rays from balloons, whereby time variations can be studied in detail with more limited geographic coverage. From balloons it is known that the X-rays show a variety of time variations, but many of the faster microburst type phenomena have yet to be observed from satellites. The present status of satellite bremsstrahlung X-ray measurements is reviewed here, some of the key results summarized and suggestions made for future improvements in instrumentation. The review is limited to X-rays > 20 ke V and therefore to the associated precipitation of only the more energetic electrons.     

北斗高精度高可信PPP-RTK服务基本框架

北斗高精度高可信定位是实现无人系统自动驾驶的重要基础。近年来发展的实时动态精密单点定位(PPP-RTK)技术,融合了网络RTK和PPP的技术优势,逐渐成为学术和工业界关注的焦点。PPP-RTK以状态域改正信息为核心,可同时提供精准可信的时空信息服务,因而获得了自动驾驶等高生命安全领域应用的一致青睐。然而,目前国内外对PPP-RTK技术的研究主要聚焦于高精度技术,在高可信方面尚未形成可行的理论基础和服务框架。针对此,以PPP-RTK高精度定位理论体系为基础,探讨了北斗/GNSS PPP-RTK高精度高可信服务的用户需求、基本概念、理论方法与技术框架,同时给出了部分关键技术的代表性解决思路,为北斗/GNSS高精度高可信PPP-RTK技术体系和服务架构的建立奠定基础。     

恒定应力无失效加速寿命试验可靠性分析方法

针对工程中缺少有效方法处理加速寿命试验中出现的无失效数据的情况,提出一种恒定应力水平下的无失效加速寿命试验可靠性分析方法.该方法首先将各个加速应力水平下的无失效寿命试验数据转换到正常应力水平,然后通过对正常应力水平下的无失效寿命数据进行分析,实现产品的可靠性评估与寿命预测.利用该方法对某型号卫星地球敏感器扰性枢轴的无失效加速寿命试验数据进行分析处理,结果表明该方法切实可行,能够充分利用各个加速应力水平下产品的无失效试验数据,较好地解决了产品进行无失效加速寿命试验的可靠性评估和寿命预测问题.      

基于选星预处理的改进随机抽样一致性RAIM方法

多星座导航能够增加可视卫星数量,改善卫星几何构型,已成为卫星导航定位领域发展的重要方向之一。多星座导航接收机自主完好性监测（RAIM）技术对提高导航系统的完好性具有重要作用。面向多星座导航的完好性监测需求,分析了传统随机抽样一致性（RANSAC）故障检测方法的不足,提出了一种基于最小样本集选星预处理的改进RANSAC RAIM算法。该算法基于最大四面体积法和GDOP值贡献度的选星方法选取具有较好构型的卫星构成卫星子集,取代了传统RANSAC RAIM方法通过遍历构成卫星子集,可有效避免卫星子集中存在较差卫星几何构型的情况,减少子集数量,提升故障检测的准确率。静态和动态仿真实验表明,改进的RANSAC RAIM算法在检测效率和检测准确率等方面明显优于传统方法。     

Satellite communication system integrated into terrestrial ISDN

This paper presents an advanced satellite communication system named DYANET II. This system uses satellite channels as subscriber lines for ISDN customers as well as trunk circuits for overflow traffic. The system can offer the same ISDN services to satellite customers as those available to terrestrial subscribers in terms of numbering, signaling, and charging systems as well as user-network interfaces. It can also set up satellite channels on a demand assignment basis to achieve efficient satellite channel utilization, and to connect customers by single-hop satellite connections. A compact, lightweight Earth station has been developed for remote customers and temporary demands such as exhibitions.     

卫星星座结构自稳定设计研究

提出了卫星星座结构自稳定概念。在分析星座构型稳定性的基础上,将只考虑星座几何结构的星座优化设计结果与卫星轨道动力学相结合来设计星座构型初始参数以实现星座结构自稳定,推导了星座结构自稳定设计公式并设计了星座结构自稳定设计流程。对实例星座的结构自稳定设计进行了分析,结果表明,星座结构自稳定设计后其长期稳定性得到了很好的保持。     

软件无线电在卫星测控模拟器中的应用

卫星测控模拟器在航天领域有着重要的应用,以往的卫星测控模拟器多为一星专用.为顺应降低卫星操作费用的发展趋势,通用卫星测控模拟器应运而生.本文介绍了软件无线电的基本思想,及其在通用卫星模拟器设计中的应用与优势.     

数字卫星电视信号模型及性能分析

在基于数字卫星电视信号的无源探测系统中,分析其波形特点,探讨其用于雷达照射源信号的性能,对于整个系统研究来说,具有重要的意义。文中以“鑫诺一号”卫星为例,给出了基于“鑫诺一号”卫星参数为数字卫星电视信号的模型,并对该模型进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,数字卫星直播电视信号作为无源探测雷达的照射源信号具有较强的适应性,是一种优良的照射源信号。     

面向导航增强的低轨卫星钟差确定及预报方法研究

低轨导航增强是未来导航发展的重要趋势,而高精度低轨卫星钟差是实现低轨导航增强的必要条件。基于Sentinel-6A卫星,对低轨卫星钟差特性进行了分析,给出了钟差确定方法及影响因素,介绍了顾及钟差特性的低轨卫星钟差预报方法。实验表明,低轨卫星钟差含有多个周期项,给低轨卫星建模和预报带来了困难。与使用运动学定轨模型相比,基于简化动力学的定轨模型可显著提升低轨卫星钟差精度;当基于运动学模型确定低轨卫星钟差时,相较于使用GPS单系统数据,多GNSS观测数据可提升低轨卫星钟差精度。研究表明,基于GPS和Galileo观测的Sentinel-6A卫星钟差精度相较于GPS单系统钟差精度改善了36%,同时,所使用的GNSS产品精度与低轨卫星钟差精度密切相关。利用顾及卫星钟差特性的低轨卫星钟差预报方法,当预报时长小于1 min,低轨卫星钟差预报精度（预报与解算值之差的RMSE）在0.1 ns之内,当预报时长小于5 min,预报精度在0.3 ns之内,随着预报时长的增长,预报精度显著下降。     

三轴稳定式卫星的热特性研究

热特性研究是卫星热控制系统、红外辐射特性研究、红外隐身设计的基础和重要组成部分。建立卫星运行轨道计算模型,获得不同时刻卫星三维坐标及轨道高度。根据太阳、卫星、地球三者位置关系,建立三轴稳定式卫星空间热流计算模型。综合考虑空间热流、向外辐射、内部热载荷等因素,对卫星进行传热分析计算,获得各时刻卫星各面温度分布。分析了太阳吸收系数和卫星内部热载荷对表面温度分布的影响。研究结果表明:卫星在地球阴影区各面温度明显降低;除了散热面,太阳吸收系数对卫星表面温度影响显著;可以根据散热面大致地判断卫星运行状况。     

通信卫星模拟器通用基础平台设计研究

卫星模拟器主要是对地面测控系统遥测接收和遥控指令发送的工作状态进行检查和验证,验证地面测控系统设备正确性,提高地面测控系统对卫星故障的应急处理能力等。本文从软件系统架构高度对不同卫星各分系统模型共有属性进行抽象提炼和设计研究,提高软件架构及模块的复用性、扩展性和维护性,通信卫星模拟器通用基础平台可同时验证不同卫星对地面测试系统的任务要求,使不同卫星模拟器的建设和地面系统测试支持可以纳入一个规范化、通用化的系统框架中。     

一种卫星延时遥测分类处理和下传方法

延时遥测是掌握卫星在测控站不可观测弧段工作状态的重要手段,在深入分析卫星遥测参数特征的基础上,对卫星遥测参数按类型进行分类处理,提出了对各类延时遥测参数不同的处理、存储和下传方法;实现了下行遥测码速率受限情况下优化利用卫星存储资源和下行信道资源,使地面可准确掌握卫星在不可观测弧段的工作状态,尤其为不可观测弧段异常问题的判断和定位提供有效的遥测数据支持;实现了延时遥测数据的自主存储和下传,大大减轻了地面测控站的控制工作量.该延时遥测方法已成功应用于某卫星,取得了良好的应用效果.     

Resonantly Excited Non-linear Density Waves in Disk Systems

Most of the disk systems are characterized by spiral structures. A good portion of these spiral structures can be identified as waves resonantly excited by a perturber in or pertaining to the same system. For planetary rings, this is an exterior satellite; for galactic disks, a rotating bar; for proto-stellar disks (yet to be confirmed), this would be a proto-planet. These waves, not just responsible for the present morphology of the disks, also play a dominating role on evolution of the disks. Resonance excitation is a extremely effective mechanism. A relatively weak perturbation can result in a highly non-linear responses in the disk. Therefore, non-linear theory is a necessity here. We will examine the non-linear theory of resonance excitation and discuss the applications of the theory to Saturn's rings and disk galaxies in this paper.     

Precision Synchronization of Satellites in Inclined Orbits

Synchronization between an Earth station and a satellite in geostationary orbit can be accomplished by repeatedly transmitting sync burst signals and making small timing corrections. However, when a satellite is in an inclined nonsynchronous orbit, such as a navigation satellite, the problem is more complex due to the high relative velocity of the navigation satellite relative to the ground. One possible solution to the problem is examined by employing a satellite in geostationary orbit to communicate with the navigation satellite. It is shown that the uplink delay to the navigation satellite can be deduced to an accuracy of about 1 ns by making a single round trip transmission.     

Genetic algorithm application to efficient utilization of the GSO

Utilization of the geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) has reached full capacity in orbital arcs at certain longitudes. A variety of proposals and regulations have already been established to increase the number of possible satellite positions. The optimum satellite arrangement carried out by considering the geographical distribution of service areas is an effective strategy for efficient utilization of the GSO. The genetic algorithm (GA) method is applied here to optimize the satellite arrangement. Initially, an example of the optimum arrangement of eight satellites is demonstrated by using the GA method to ensure accuracy of the newly developed program. Subsequently, a multiple beam satellite system concept is introduced to further improve the efficient utilization of the GSO. Finally, 80 satellites (40 service areas) in the ITU Region 1 example is solved using the GA method, resulting in a quasi-optimum satellite arrangement solution. By using the GA method, the quasi-optimum solution can be obtained by very short (e.g., several ten seconds) calculation times.