基于人因工程视角的民机驾驶舱告警系统研究综述

为研究现代民机驾驶舱告警系统的发展历程及应用现状,通过文献综述,以人因工程学为视角,结合事故调查分析、国内外民机驾驶舱告警系统应用进展,了解民机驾驶舱告警系统功能、告警方式和告警类别,总结国内外驾驶舱告警系统概况,分析民机驾驶舱告警系统现存问题。基于驾驶舱告警的适航管理规章要求和机组在飞行任务中的认知需求,探究驾驶舱告警系统的设计需求。结合人因工程领域的研究进展,提出驾驶舱告警系统的改进方向和发展趋势,即民机告警系统设计的及时性和可靠性还存在一定改进空间,驾驶舱告警系统整体结构的设计必须要突出重点,注重自主化及个性化设计,必要时考虑驾驶舱触觉感知的融合,旨在为后续告警系统的总体设计及优化提供参考。     

基于时间应力分析的机内测试系统综合降虚警技术

 虚警率高是困扰机内测试（BIT）系统得到广泛应用的主要原因。针对该问题,从机电系统所承受时间应力的角度构建了机内测试系统综合降低虚警技术的总体模型。首先采用双支持向量机（SVM）的方法将实时应力信息与机内测试诊断结果相互关联。在此基础上,提出了基于核主元模糊聚类的虚警识别方法将机电系统多源信息进行综合分析,并通过优化决策实现多级降低机内测试系统虚警的目的。最后,针对某型直升机航空地平仪的机内测试系统进行了试验验证与分析。     

基于信息融合技术的火灾报警方法研究

根据当今火灾探测的现状和实现火灾早期报警的需求,将多传感器数据融合技术应用在火灾报警系统中。在分析了信息融合系统的三级结构及火灾报警信息非结构特性的基础上,以感温、感烟和气体的火灾报警模拟量为输入,利用粗糙集和神经网络对多传感器信号进行融合,设计出一种快速、准确和有效的火灾探测系统,达到了提早报警和降低误报警频次的目的。     

Sensor fusion for intelligent alarm analysis

The purpose of an intelligent alarm analysis system is to provide complete and manageable information to a central alarm station operator by applying alarm processing and fusion techniques to sensor information. This paper discusses the sensor fusion approach taken to perform intelligent alarm analysis for the Advanced Exterior Sensor (AES). The AES is an intrusion detection and assessment system designed for wide-area coverage, quick deployment, low false/nuisance alarm operation, and immediate visual assessment. It combines three sensor technologies (visible, infrared, and millimeter wave radar) collocated on a compact and portable remote sensor module. The remote sensor module rotates at a rate of 1 revolution per second to detect and track motion and provide assessment in a continuous 360° field-of-regard. Sensor fusion techniques are used to correlate and integrate the track data from these three sensors into a single track for operator observation. Additional inputs to the fusion process include environmental data, knowledge of sensor performance under certain weather conditions, sensor priority, and recent operator feedback. A confidence value is assigned to the track as a result of the fusion process. This helps to reduce nuisance alarms and to increase operator confidence in the system while reducing the workload of the operator     

Matched subspace CFAR detection of hovering helicopters

A constant false alarm rate (CFAR) strategy for detecting a Gaussian distributed random signal against correlated non-Gaussian clutter is developed. The proposed algorithm is based on Scharf's matched subspace detector (MSD) and has the CFAR property with respect to the clutter amplitude probability density function (apdf), provided that the clutter distribution belongs to the compound-Gaussian family and the clutter covariance matrix is known to within a scale factor. Analytical expressions of false alarm and detection probabilities are derived. An application to the problem of detecting hovering helicopters against vegetated ground clutter is reported     

Data fusion of multiradar system by using genetic algorithm

Detection system with distributed sensors and data fusion. are increasingly being used by surveillance systems. There has been a great deal of theoretical study on decentralized detection networks composed of identical or non-identical sensors. To solve the resulting nonlinear system, exhaustive search and some crude approximations are adopted. However, those methods often cause either the system to be insensitive to some parameters or the suboptimal results. In this paper, a novel flexible genetic algorithm is investigated to obtain the optimal results on constant false alarm rate data fusion. Using this approach, all system parameters are directly coded in decimal chromosomes and they can be optimized simultaneously. The simulation results show that adopting the proposed approach, one can achieve better performances than the reported methods and results     

Threshold Control for Automatic Detection in Radar Systems

In automatic detection in radar systems an estimate of background clutter power is used to set the detection threshold. Usually detection cells surrounding the cell under test for the presence of a target are used to estimate the clutter power. In the research reported herein, the target location is taken to be uncertain and thus returns from a target could corrupt this clutter power estimate. It is shown how the threshold should be varied to compensate for the resulting degradation in detection performance. The threshold control procedure is based on a priori information about target location that could be supplied by the radar's tracking system. In addition, a simple procedure for calculating detection and false alarm probabilities for Swerling II target models is presented.     

Radioisotope detection and identification at high speeds using passive sensors

A network of radiation sensors for the protection of a military base against radiological/nuclear threats has been integrated in a testbed. Two key subsystems of this network are the array of sensitive radiation detectors and the subsystem for notifying the operators of radiation events. The alarm/alert notification subsystem automatically issues notifications to the command post in real-time. The resulting reporting to the command post appears to be adequate for non-technical operational personnel. The CONOPS for the protection system relies on the sensitive detection and identification of all radioactive sources well before the transporting vehicles reach the base gates. This is a unique feature of this protection system. Discriminating sodium-iodide detectors, in conjunction with plastic scintillators and neutron detectors comprise a high-performance detection subsystem. The use of various correlation techniques has permitted the demonstration of the detection of source strengths of tens of /spl mu/Ci moving at highway speeds and at several meters separation. A companion algorithm identifies the detected radioisotope when sufficient counts are available.     

An operational system implementation of the ESPIRIT DF algorithm

The practical implementation of the ESPRIT algorithm into direction-finding system architecture is considered. In particular, the problems of phase ambiguity resolution for extended array separations and multidimensional azimuth/elevation estimation are addressed. Generalized solutions for these problems are proposed, and a bearing quality indicator that provides a measure of credibility associated with each angle-of-arrival estimate is developed. Plots of computer simulated performance are presented in order to assess the probability of detection, of failure to alarm, and of false alarm as a function of azimuthal separation and period of signal observation     

城市定点火灾自动报警监控管理系统

介绍一种以公共电话网作为信息传输媒介，由微机监控系统和火灾自动报警终端组成的智能型火灾报警监控管理系统。其中，微机监控系统以Windows作为底层操作系统．安装友好的人机交互界面控制软件；自动报警终端以单片机AT89C52和双音多频解发码集成电路MT8888为核心，采用电话通讯方式的报警器。该系统具有测试点多、造价低、安装维修方便、便于扩展、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强等优点。     

JT15D-4发动机数控实验研究

 本文在JT15D-4发动机上进行了数控系统的实验研究,探索数字控制系统的设计及运行中的问题。为了提高数字控制系统的可靠性,系统中采用了双机通讯、状态性能监视、液压机械式备分的调节器、软件故障诊断报警等多种措施。通过数字仿真、半物理模拟及台架试车各阶段的实践,验证了系统结构、设计的正确性,为进一步开展全功能的数字控制的研究提供了实用的经验。     

航天器智能诊断系统开发研究

提出了基于故障树的故障报警方法和诊断方法,提出了面向故障树的报警知识和诊断知识表示方法及相应的报警和诊断推理策略,最后,在Windows环境下,用BorlandC++实现了一个原型系统,并通过对“实践-四号”卫星能源系统故障模拟实验台的诊断验证了系统的有效性。     

机内测试虚警分析和控制

现代飞行器广泛采用机内测试(Built-intest,BIT)技术,以便对其内部故障进行自动检测、诊断和隔离,但是常规BIT面临诊断能力不足和诊断模糊性等问题,导致BIT虚警率高,难以有效发挥其应有的作用.本文论述了BIT虚警的基本理论、虚警的危害及现状,并从BIT虚警产生的原因分析入手,提出了解决虚警问题的一些方法和措施.     

提高二总线火灾报警系统带载能力的研究

二总线火灾报警系统是由内一些生产厂家近年推出的一种高新技术产品，相对一般三总线、四总线火灾报警系统来说，它给工程设计，安装及使用带来极大方便，但也存在单回路带栽能力普遍低于三总线和四总线的缺点。本文从尽可能地减少探测器的工作电流入手，来提高二总线火灾报警系统的带载能力，达到了预期的效果。     

TCAS 系统故障隔离及容错架构设计方法研究

针对TCAS 系统运行过程典型功能危险场景和架构设计过程,本文采用系统工程过程的正向设计流 程方法,针对潜在的功能失效风险,开展TCAS 系统域的故障检测和容错设计技术研究,形成覆盖系统、软件 和硬件层级的故障检测及隔离架构设计方案,以提高装机运行过程中防撞告警的置信度,减少由于误警和虚警 对飞行安全产生的不利影响。     

一种辅助型盲降遥控设备语音报警器设计与实现

针对NM7000型盲降设备原装遥控器报警音过小,并且又是集中安装与监控,从而不利于监控室值班人员及时监听和发现故障设备这一问题,设计出一种基于单片机语音技术的辅助型报警系统。该套系统与原装遥控器完全兼容,在放大报警音同时并能准确播报出故障设备,更有利于监控室值班人及时准确掌握设备运行状态,保证导航质量。该系统已经成功在重庆江北机场运行。     

Distributed CFAR detection in homogeneous and nonhomogeneousbackgrounds

The performance of distributed constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection with data fusion both in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous Gaussian backgrounds is analyzed. The ordered statistics (OS) CFAR detectors are employed as local detectors. With a Swerling type I target model, in the homogeneous background, the global probability of detection for a given fixed global probability of false alarm is maximized by optimizing both the threshold multipliers and the order numbers of the local OS-CFAR detectors. In the nonhomogeneous background with multiple targets or clutter edges, the performance of the detection system is analyzed and its performance is compared with the performance of the distributed cell-averaging (CA) CFAR detection system     

基于滑窗检测的机载设备故障诊断仿真系统

根据机载设备故障诊断的需求,结合飞机性能监控系统的结构框架和机载设备的特点,提出基于快速存取记录器（QAR）记录的飞行数据和滑窗检测原理的机载设备故障诊断算法,并实现相应的机栽设备故障诊断仿真系统。在简述QAR数据译码与数据选择方法的基础上,论述了滑窗检测的原理并对其性能进行分析：设计实现了基于QAR的机载设备故障诊断仿真系统并给出仿真结果。结果表明,该系统可以有效诊断存在的故障,并能大大降低虚警概率,对保障飞行安全具有重要意义。     

多操纵面飞机舵面损伤的快速故障诊断

针对多操纵面飞机舵面损伤的快速故障诊断问题,提出一种直接估计舵面偏转量的自适应补偿观测器方法。首先,设计了增广观测器进行系统输入估计,并提出了自适应补偿方法解决其动态跟踪性能差的问题;其次,设计了一种新的自适应阈值以快速检测故障并降低虚警率;最后,利用舵面故障特点,采用重置初值的限定记忆最小二乘方法实现了对突变参数的实时估计,用以进行故障隔离。仿真结果表明:在不同的舵面损伤故障情况下,所提出的观测器方法能在20 ms内发出故障预警,并在0.22 s内确定故障位置,所采用的辨识方法可以在故障报警后的0.2 s内准确估计出损伤程度。     

基于管制语音指令识别的防跑道侵入安全告警策略设计

传统场面监视管理系统通常采用基于电子进程单操作和场面目标态势识别的防跑道侵入安全告警设计策略,无法判别和保证管制语音指令与电子进程单操作之间是否具备一致性,某型空管场面监视管理系统尝试在引入管制指令识别功能的基础上重新设计防跑道侵入安全告警策略,为实现更准确高效的防跑道侵入应用提供了解决方案。