苏-27飞机过失速机动及其战术价值

依据机载测试记录和飞行体会，本文从试飞员的角度着重叙述苏－２７飞机典型的过失速机动动作－“普加乔夫眼镜蛇”的动作过程，完成该机动的条件，驾驶技术要领，动作特点和影响因素以及值得注意的几个问题，并讨论了过失速机动的战术价值和实际应用。     

苏-27飞机"眼镜蛇"机动的机理和操纵

详细地介绍了苏-27飞机"眼镜蛇"机动的运动特点和完成条件,典型的"眼镜蛇"的过失速机动驾驶要领、动作特点和影响因素,可供从事过失速飞行实验,战术机动动作研究的技术人员和飞行人员参考。     

X—31A飞机的设计特点和试飞情况

综述了为验证增强战斗机机动性(EFM)计划、衡量过失速机动飞行的可行性及其在近距空战中的战术价值,X-31A飞机在气动布局、大迎角抗偏离设施、推力矢量系统以及飞控系统方面的特点;介绍了X-31A飞机的有关飞行试验情况,特别是循序渐近的四种过失速机动动作以及空战效能评估结果。结果表明,X-31A飞机气动布局合理,能完成过失速机动飞行。且过失速机动技术和推力矢量组合,可以大大地提高飞机近距空战的作战效能。     

J7L 飞机小速度机动试飞初探

在飞行试验的基础上，依据实际飞行中的机载测试记录和飞行体会，分别介绍了Ｊ７Ｌ飞机在作超临界盘旋、跃升回转、尾冲和小速度斤斗四个高难度小速度机动动作时，各自的进入条件、驾驶技术要领、动作特点和需要注意的问题。可供从事过失速飞行试验、战术机动研究的技术人员和飞行人员参考。     

基于飞行模拟的过失速机动试飞驾驶方法研究

根据飞行试验模拟验证的需要,开展了过失速机动飞行控制律的仿真建模,建立了人在回路的过失速机动飞行模拟环境。形成了一套包括进入条件、操纵方法、注意力分配原则和退出方法在内的过失速机动试飞驾驶方法,并对该方法进行了大量的人在回路的地面模拟验证。验证结果表明,按照该方法能够顺利完成过失速机动的试飞动作。     

超机动飞机边界保护控制器设计

针对超机动飞机过失速机动的飞行安全问题,提出了一种飞行边界保护控制方法。首先采用动态逆控制方法解决了超机动飞机模型中的非线性和耦合性问题,然后通过求解超机动飞机的动态配平点的可达集,来确定飞机在任意飞行状态下的安全飞行边界,最后将所获得的动态边界集成到动态逆控制器中来约束飞机的机动范围,以降低超机动飞机完成过失速机动时的失控风险。仿真结果表明,所设计的飞行边界保护控制器能够改善超机动飞机过失速机动飞行时的指令跟踪效果,更好地完成Cobra等过失速机动动作,提高了飞行的安全性。     

眼镜蛇—超大迎角机动的数值仿真分析

为了搞清完成过失速机动的飞行力学机理，对眼镜蛇机动这种典型的过失速机动动作进行了数值仿真。结果表明，如果能够有效防止横航向偏离，则ＲＳＳ飞机应该能够完成这类机动飞行。为完成此机动，要求飞机在大迎角下产生足够的低头力矩，而对于发动机推力没有过高要求。气动力迟滞、重心位置、进入速度及高度等因素对动作的具体完成情况，如αｍａｘ、θｍａｘ、减速性、航迹保持及完成时间有不同形式的影响。     

先进战斗机过失速机动模型飞行试验技术

具有过失速机动能力的战斗机在近距空战中能够取得快速占位、先敌瞄准、有效规避攻击的战术优势,是先进战斗机的标志性性能要求。模型飞行试验技术作为空气动力学研究三大手段之一,在解决飞行器技术难题、实现技术创新方面发挥了重要作用。本文介绍了中国空气动力研究与发展中心利用带动力自主控制模型飞行试验平台发展的过失速机动模型飞行试验技术,以及开展的先进战斗机构型典型过失速机动模型飞行试验,分述了在大迎角非定常气动建模、宽量程气流系参数测量、大迎角非线性控制、推力矢量控制、大迎角非定常气动参数辨识方面的研究工作与解决这些关键问题的技术途径。通过此项研究,在国内首次实现了先进战斗机构型缩比模型典型过失速机动飞行,相关研究成果可为先进战斗机实现过失速机动飞行能力提供有力的技术支撑。     

过失速机动飞行模拟与操纵效能分析

在大迎角非线性气动力模型和推力矢量发动机模型的基础上,结合非线性控制方法和与常规飞行增稳控制模态转换方法,实现飞机常规飞行包线内和过失速区域的全范围飞行模拟,同时提出了过失速机动操纵效能分析方法。通过对推力矢量飞机操纵效能的全面分析,验证了推力矢量控制有效实现和显著提高过失速区的机动能力。飞机全状态范围的过失速机动飞行模拟与操纵效能分析将为现代高机动飞机过失速机动飞行试验提供重要的技术支持和理论依据。     

推力矢量飞机试飞技术模拟研究

为研究推力矢量飞机的试飞技术,建立了推力矢量飞机的动力学模型,用动态逆方法设计了4种过失速机动控制律,并在地面飞行模拟器上参考标准评估机动动作集(STEMS)进行了飞行模拟试验研究。试验结果表明,使用的4种过失速机动控制模式没有不可接受的操纵响应,飞机采用推力矢量控制后敏捷性明显提高。在模拟导弹攻击目标时,采用过失速机动控制模式具有明显的优势。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.