一种用于CPT磁力仪的VCSEL 激光管参数自动调节方法

为了解决手动调节VCSEL激光管运行参数困难的问题,提出了一种用于CPT磁力仪的VCSEL激光管参数自动调节方法.首先,在稳定原子气室温度的基础上,通过步进增加激光管的驱动电流并探测光强,确定扫描电流的范围;其次,在初始工作温度基础上增加激光管温度步进,重复扫描三角波驱动电流,并全范围搜寻吸收峰;当首次读取到吸收峰后,利用调节电流精确锁定在当前工作温度条件下吸收峰对应的电流值,同时微调温度,调整吸收峰到最佳位置;最后,记录当前的激光管工作参数,完成整个VCSEL激光管参数自动调节过程.采用上述方法能够快速实现VCSEL激光管的测试及工作参数的设置,提高了工作效率和整机性能.     

固态原子自旋微波大功率激发天线设计

固态原子自旋磁传感器具有磁灵敏度高、体积小等优势,在精密测量领域具有很好的发展前景。面向高灵敏度固态原子自旋磁传感器对大功率高均匀微波激发天线的需求,设计了一种类环形磁耦合天线结构,通过增加不规则移相回路和环形开口结构使微波场在环形天线中心处叠加,产生大功率高均匀微波场。实验中,通过仿真得到该结构S₁₁参数为-20.8dB,微波非均匀性小于6%。同时,通过与传统环形天线对比测试,该类环形天线使固态原子自旋ODMR谱对比度提升了330%,相应的磁传感灵敏度提升了约450%,实现了对固态原子自旋磁传感结构的灵敏度提升,为高灵敏固态原子自旋传感测量技术提供了技术支撑。     

冷原子干涉仪发展现状与应用分析

基于冷原子干涉仪的量子传感器具有极高的理论精度,在自然科学的各个领域特别是重力测量和惯性传感领域有着广泛的应用。首先介绍了原子干涉仪的基本原理,在此基础上给出了基于双光子受激Raman跃迁的脉冲式Mach-Zehnder原子干涉仪的干涉相位,描述了原子干涉仪在重力仪和陀螺上的应用及其发展历程,着重分析了当前发展最成熟的原子重力仪的发展历程和趋势,指出了原子干涉仪应用的发展方向。     

光纤外差干涉位移传感器

非接触式光纤外差干涉位移传感器是将半导体激光器线性调频技术和光纤传感技术相结合制成的1种新型外差干涉仪。它的位移测量范围可达26mm，分辨率为0．02μm；对不同材料、不同粗糙度的对象面，有着几乎相同的测量灵敏度和测量精度；探头和对象面无需严格垂直。     

原子干涉陀螺仪研究现状及分析

自1991年实验演示以来,利用中性原子的物质波干涉进行惯性传感逐渐成为量子精密测量领域的研究热点。其中,光脉冲原子干涉仪在转动角速率测量方面展示了成为超高灵敏度传感器的潜力,在高精度惯性导航、基础物理学和地球物理学研究等领域具有广阔的应用前景。光脉冲原子干涉陀螺仪历经了第一代原理验证与第二代高性能实验室演示的发展,正处于从实验室向工程应用转化的重要阶段。从原子干涉陀螺仪的测量原理出发,对已有的原子干涉陀螺仪进行了分类介绍,并对近年来制约原子干涉陀螺仪动态环境应用的提高数据更新率、带宽和动态范围等问题的研究现状进行了分析和讨论。     

全红外光激发里德堡原子微波电场测量

基于高激发里德堡原子的微波电场测量技术与传统金属天线相比有诸多优越性,是未来微波电场高精度测量的重要方案之一。采用全红外光激发里德堡原子的方案不再依赖复杂而昂贵的短波长激光器,大大减小了激光器系统的体积与能耗。在三红外光级联激发里德堡铷原子的过程中,发现了中间态对应的双光梯形电磁诱导透明光学参数对三光激发里德堡态电磁诱导吸收峰信噪比具有重要影响,因此采用光失谐方法能很好地优化三光EIA光谱。利用微波场下的Autler-Townes分裂效应和标准天线方法对微波喇叭天线发射的微波电场实现精确的校准,并以此为基础通过超外差接收技术成功探测到本地场与信号场所形成的拍频信号,得到了拍频光电信号与信号场强度之间的线性关系。最终通过实验噪声基底的噪声功率谱得到三红外光里德堡铷原子微波测量的极限灵敏度为37.5(5.5) nV·■。采用三束红外光激发的方法为研制小型里德堡原子微波电场探测仪器奠定了物理基础。     

航空传感元件振镜激光钎焊界面组织及连接机理

航空传感元件作为航空电子传感系统的核心零部件,在使用过程中常常需要将其引脚与导线进行连接.为了进一步改善产品的稳定与可靠性,探索性的提出使用振镜激光钎焊技术实现铂电阻器引线银丝与多股铜线的连接.当激光器处于连续CW模式和离焦量+10 mm的情况下,通过调整工艺,激光功率与激光作用时间在一定适配范围内,能够避免接头中产生...     

一种应用于低频电磁波通信的快响应原子磁强计

相较于传统线圈,原子磁强计作为低频电磁波通信信号磁传感接收器具有体积小、灵敏度高的优势。基于射频-光双共振原理实现原子的宏观极化和相干进动,并通过探测磁矩横向分量来获得待测磁场信息,最终实现一台灵敏度500 fT/Hz^1/2@1～5 Hz,响应带宽3.5 kHz的原子磁强计。并利用该原子磁强计作为磁传感器对频率200 Hz、磁场分量幅度10 nT的电磁波开展了通过探测磁场分量接收通信信号的实验,实现码率200/s的电磁波通信信号的接收,验证了该磁强计作为接收机接收低频电磁波通信信号的能力。     

高性能飞行器大气数据传感技术研究进展

大气数据是飞行器导航和控制的重要参数，大气数据传感技术是实现飞行器飞行安全及性能发挥的重要保障。针对高性能飞行器对大气数据传感技术的发展需求进行分析，重点介绍了传统大气数据传感技术、嵌入式大气数据传感技术、光学大气数据传感技术及虚拟大气数据传感技术的发展和特点，并对推动嵌入式大气数据传感技术发展的相关技术问题进行了分析和总结，最后对大气数据传感技术的发展进行展望。     

用于SERF陀螺仪的半导体激光器自动稳频技术

半导体激光器自动稳频技术广泛应用于光纤传感、激光雷达和量子精密测量等领域,针对无自旋交换弛豫(Spin Exchange Relaxation Free, SERF)陀螺仪对激光频率长期稳定性的需求,采用了激光饱和吸收稳频技术,并提出了激光频率快速自动回锁方法,研制了用于分布式布拉格反射(Distributed Bragg Reflector, DBR)激光器频率稳定控制系统。实验结果表明：激光频率1h的漂移量为308kHz,平均采样时间128s时的Allan方差达到8.133×10^-11,激光频率失锁后可在0.5s内自动回锁,激光频率能够长期保持锁定状态,为SERF陀螺仪的长期稳定运行奠定了基础。     

Ultraviolet spectroscopy and remote sensing of the upper atmosphere

The Earth's ultraviolet airglow contains fundamental diagnostic information about the state of its upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Our understanding of the excitation and emission processes which are responsible for the airglow has undergone dramatic evolution from the earliest days of space research through the past several years during which a wealth of new information has been published from high-resolution spectroscopy and imaging experiments. This review of the field begins with an overview of the phenomenology: how the Earth looks in the ultraviolet. Next the basic processes leading to excitation of atomic and molecular energy states are discussed. These concepts are developed from first principles and applied to selected examples of day and night airglow; a detailed review of radiation transport theory is included. This is followed by a comprehensive examination of the current status of knowledge of individual emission features seen in the airglow, in which atomic physics issues as well as relevant atmospheric observations of major and minor neutral and ionic constituents are addressed. The use of airglow features as remote sensing observables is then examined for the purpose of selecting those species most useful as diagnostics of the state of the thermosphere and ionosphere. Imaging of the plasmasphere and magnetosphere is also briefly considered. A summary of upcoming UV remote sensing missions is provided.     

Ultimate IR Horizon Sensor

The accuracy of presently available IR horizon sensors is not sufficient to meet the stringent attitude sensing and control requirements for future remote sensing and meteorological satellites. The different sources of error in a horizon sensor are analyzed. The accuracy of the sensor is presently limited by the detector noise. Use of HgCdTe in place of an immersed bolometer detector, which is used in conventional horizon sensors eliminates many of the errors. Hence, it is possible to design an ultimate IR horizon sensor whose accuracy is limited only by the uncertainty of the Earth horizon. Comparison of performances of the two types of detectors for horizon sensing is given and possible configurations of sensor using this detector are discussed.     

原子磁力仪的空间应用及发展趋势

在太空探索中,磁场测量为很多重要的科学研究提供了数据支撑。空间探测器和磁测卫星均多次采用原子磁力仪作为磁场测量的主载荷,原子磁力仪在空间磁场测量中发挥着不可替代的作用。回顾了用于空间磁场测量的原子磁力仪的发展历程,总结了不同种类原子磁力仪的技术特点,分析了空间应用原子磁力仪载荷的发展趋势。     

SRS-Net: Training object detectors from scratch for remote sensing images without pretraining

Most of the current object detection algorithms use pretrained models that are trained on ImageNet and then fine-tuned in the network, which can achieve good performance in terms of general object detectors. However, in the field of remote sensing image object detection, as pretrained models are significantly different from remote sensing data, it is meaningful to explore a train-from-scratch technique for remote sensing images. This paper proposes an object detection framework trained from scratch, SRS-Net, and describes the design of a densely connected backbone network to provide integrated hidden layer supervision for the convolution module. Then, two necessary improvement principles are proposed: studying the role of normalization in the network structure, and improving data augmentation methods for remote sensing images. To evaluate the proposed framework, we performed many ablation experiments on the DIOR, DOTA, and AS datasets. The results show that whether using the improved backbone network, the normalization method or training data enhancement strategy, the performance of the object detection network trained from scratch increased. These principles compensate for the lack of pretrained models. Furthermore, we found that SRS-Net could achieve similar to or slightly better performance than baseline methods, and surpassed most advanced general detectors.     

The Challenges of Plasma Modeling: Current Status and Future Plans

Successfully modeling X-ray emission from astrophysical plasmas requires a wide range of atomic data to be rapidly accessible by modeling codes, enabling calculation of synthetic spectra for fitting with observations. Over many years the astrophysical databases have roughly kept pace with the advances in detector and spectrometer technology. We outline here the basic atomic processes contributing to the emission from different types of plasmas and briefly touch on the difference between the methods used to calculate this data. We then discuss in more detail the different issues addressed by atomic databases in regards to what data to store and how to make it accessible. Finally, the question of the effect of uncertainties in atomic data is explored, as a reminder to observers that atomic data is not known to infinite precision, and should not be treated as such.     

原子气室内自旋极化率的空间操控与测量

目前,对原子气室内自旋极化率的空间操控与测量已有不少研究,但是对这类研究缺乏系统的分析、整理和综述。通过对文献的梳理,将现有的操控与测量方法分为三类,即光操控/磁测量方法、磁操控/光测量方法和光操控/光测量方法。分别对这三类方法进行了叙述,尤其是对笔者所在小组提出和研究的光操控/光测量方法进行了详细的介绍。该方法采用时空双重调制技术和正交隔离技术,实现了13.7μm线宽的自旋极化率空间操控与测量。此结果不仅远小于之前毫米量级的空间分辨率,而且突破了无扩散干扰距离的限制。基于上述实验进展,对原子气室内自旋极化率操控与测量的空间分辨率理论极限进行了初步分析。     

Sustained data recording system based on disk array

Most sustained data recording systems in many real-time fields are based on tape equipments. We have developed an innovative sustained data recording system based on disk array which consists of Array Controller Module (ACM), String Controller Module (SCM) and Main Controller Module (MCM). This system has a better performance and higher reliability than the traditional tape recorder and can be used conveniently in many areas of data recording, storing, playback, and remote backup. This novel recording system has been used in radar data recorder for spacecraft orbit tracking and satellite remote sensing data recording successfully.     

压缩感知下梯度投影在图像去噪中的应用

图像传输和接收的过程中不可避免地受到多种因素的影响而产生噪声,这样通常使得图像模糊不清难以辨识。针对去除图像高斯白噪声对图像辨识的干扰,提出利用压缩感知最优化求解思想,运用一种快速计算方法将高维数的图像信号投影在低维空间上,从而类比于压缩感知理论进行重构处理,并实现对含噪声信号的图像进行还原。实验结果证明,梯度投影法能较好地去除图像高斯白噪声,尤其对于图像中物体边界的辨识效果明显,为图像去除噪声提供了新的思路和方法。     

硅谐振梁式压力微传感器边界结构参数优化

对一种硅谐振式压力微传感器敏感结构的边界结构参数进行了优化设计。所讨论的敏感结构以方形硅膜片作为一次敏感元件,直接感受被测压力。在膜片的上表面制作浅槽和硅梁,以硅梁作为二次敏感元件,间接感受被测压力。为减少敏感结构内外能量耦合,提高振子的Ｑ值,采用有限元仿真分析的方法,优化敏感边界结构参数。