翅片-管复合式减涡器温降及流阻特性数值模拟

为了探索翅片-管复合式减涡器盘腔内径向内流总压损失及温降特性的分布规律,对简单盘腔、管式减涡器、翅片-管复 合式减涡器3种模型在不同转速、不同工况下的流场结构、总压损失分布规律及温降系数进行了数值模拟。结果表明：翅片-管复 合式减涡器能明显减小盘腔内的旋流比,提高气流径向引气效果,从而提高引气品质,其温降效果和减阻性能均优于管式减涡器 和简单盘腔的。管式减涡器与简单盘腔相比,其温降效果提高约54.3%,减阻效果提高约64%;翅片-管复合式减涡器与管式减涡 器相比,其温降效果提高约3%,减阻效果提高约40%。翅片-管复合式减涡器的整体性能最优,具有较高的工程应用价值,其研究 结果对压气机二次空气系统设计具有一定的指导意义。     

反旋进气混合式减涡结构流动特性数值计算

提出了一种将反旋进气孔与减涡管相结合的混合式减涡器,数值研究了其减阻引气效果,分析了旋转雷诺数、无量纲入口质量流量对内部流场结构和压力损失的影响。研究发现:在混合式减涡器引气结构中,静压沿径向平缓降低,在周向分布均匀;随着无量纲入口质量流量或旋转雷诺数的增加,引气结构总压降呈现单调上升的趋势,其中在高旋转雷诺数、低无量纲质量流量工况下具有突出的减阻性能,其对应的湍流参数为0.106 4~0.324 5。相比于简单盘腔,反旋进气孔式及管式减涡器的压力损失分别降低62.5%、60.5%,混合式减涡器可降低80.4%,体现出良好的减阻引气效果。      

新型翅片式减涡器减阻特性数值研究

为了降低压气机径向引气过程中的压力损失,在设计出新型翅片单元结构的基础上,研究了新型翅片单元结构对径向引气压力损失的影响规律,对不同转速、新型翅片结构的去旋系统开展了数值研究,得到了不同工况下压气机共转盘腔径向引气的流场结构及压力损失分布曲线。研究结构表明:新型翅片单元结构能够抑制盘腔内气流旋流比,降低引气压力损失;翅片单元通道宽度和高度均存在最佳值使得减涡器减阻效果较好,在优选结构翅片单元通道宽度L=0.78,通道高度R3=0.97的条件下,其减阻效果较简单盘腔模型提高86.5%。高低翅片结构能起到较好的减阻效果,随着单侧翅片高度的升高减阻效果逐渐增强,在本文结构下增加单侧翅片高度L1=0.3时减阻效果最优,且A侧或B侧翅片增加带来的减阻效益相同。一方面,最优高低翅片结构其减阻性能相比于简单盘腔模型、典型翅片式减涡器模型以及翅片单元通道宽度L=0.78,通道高度R3=0.97的结构模型分别提高87.5%,29%,7.8%;另一方面,最优高低翅片结构能够减轻翅片单元的质量,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

空气系统引气腔流动换热特性研究

航空发动机空气系统引气腔是典型的径向进气轴向出流的旋转盘腔,研究引气腔内流动换热特性,尤其是离心力和哥氏力综合作用下的流动换热规律,对提高空气系统引气品质,优化空气系统设计有重要意义。研究发现：旋转雷诺数和流量系数是引气腔流场的主要影响因素,流体切向速度随旋转雷诺数的增加而增加,随流量系数的增加而减少,并沿半径的减小而...     

高位预旋进气转静盘腔换热实验

将某型发动机的涡轮盘腔结构简化成高位预旋进气的转静盘腔模型, 结合热色液晶先进测温显示技术, 通过实验的方法研究了转静盘间距、进气流量、旋转雷诺数以及旋流比等参数的变化对冷气降温效果和转盘换热效果的影响.实验结果表明:高位预旋进气对转盘外缘的冷却效果较好, 转盘上的温度分布呈现为同心圆形状;随着旋转雷诺数和转静盘间距的增大或者进气流量的减小, 冷气的总温降减小, 气流对转盘的换热效果变差.      

TA-6发动机的引气特性

在TA-6发动机的压气机出口处引气,得到了发动机转速不变条件件下压气机增压比、引气阀压力损失系数、引气管内气流总压和引气气流温度与引气量之间的关系。研究表明,相对引气量在9～22％范围内变化时,TA-6发动机流量几乎不变,压气机增压比变化仅5％,引气压力为1.27×10~2～2.45×10~5Pa,引气温度约473K。所得结果可为燃气涡轮装置引气设计提供参考。     

部分喷嘴关闭对预旋供气系统参数均匀性影响的计算

为了研究部分喷嘴关闭对预旋供气系统的供气流量和供气温度及其均匀性的影响,采用稳态的固定转子相位法对180°旋转盘腔进行了数值模拟,并通过改变转子相位的稳态计算来近似模拟瞬态问题的时空变化特性。结果表明:在设计点工况(系统压比为1.32,旋转马赫数为0.678)下,喷嘴流通面积关闭14.3%时,引气总流量和供气总流量分别下降10.9%和9.9%。单个供气孔流量的波动幅度由1.1%增大为5.4%。供气的相对总温降低1 K左右,波动幅度由约0.5 K增大为1.5 K。     

气力输送管中旋流场的研究

本文试验研究气力输送管路的旋流流场特征。旋流场是由导流叶片所形成。应用五孔感头测定沿程截面内气流的切向角、轴向速度、气流静压和旋流数的分布。研究表明 :由于进料螺旋输送器的作用 ,在一定的导流叶片角条件下存在着双旋流流场。在环形旋流流场条件下管路外环处形成轴向速度较大的气流层 ,而在截面中将形成径向压力梯度场。在旋流场截面中最大旋流数符合简化理论的分析关系。     

进口流量对无管式减涡器流阻特性影响研究

为分析进口流量对压气机引气系统无管式减涡器压力损失的影响及无管式减涡器减阻效果,采用数值模拟与试验研究相结合的方法对无管式减涡器开展研究,并与直喷嘴模型进行了对比。模型试验验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性,通过数值模拟,建立了无管式减涡器流阻特性"S"形曲线三分区模型,分析了无管式减涡器各截面间压力损失及其占比随无量纲质量流量变化规律。在计算流量范围内,与直喷嘴模型相比,无管式减涡器平均可降低压气机引气系统压力损失约45.9%。在第二拐点处,共转盘腔内压力损失降低了96.44%,此时无管式减涡器减阻效果最佳,较直喷嘴模型压力损失降低了73.44%。     

高位进气径向出气转静系静盘压力研究

用实验的方法获取了高位垂直进气径向出流的静盘表面压力分布和转静腔内的旋流系数.实验结果表明:在低于0.6倍半径的范围内,沿半径增大方向静压随之增大;在射流孔处压力降至最低,而后又突然升高并逐步趋于平稳;静盘表面压力随着流量的增加而增加,随着旋转雷诺数的增加而降低;在旋转雷诺数小于等于2.6×106、流量系数小于等于4.50×104的范围内两盘间可以形成稳定的旋转核心.此外,在实验范围内,流量系数和旋转雷诺数对旋流系数值的影响较小.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.