基于混合体制雷达网的弹道目标微特征及外形参数提取

针对弹道中段目标微特征难以识别与分辨的问题,提出了一种基于低分辨雷达和高分辨雷达相结合的混合体制雷达网的有翼弹道目标微特征及外形参数提取方法。依据非线性信号参量可分离模型,利用非线性最小二乘估计方法解算出有翼弹道目标群各散射中心的幅相参数,结合不同雷达提取的微特征的关联性,利用散射中心关联处理实现了各类散射中心的分离。在此基础上,利用弹道目标的微特征,结合弹道目标各散射中心的相对位置关系,重构出各目标的三维微特征及各散射中心的三维位置矢量,进而估计出目标的进动特征和结构参数。仿真结果表明:当信噪比(SNR)为5 dB时,该方法的重构精度保持在92%左右。     

X-Ray Spectroscopy of Galaxy Clusters: Beyond the CIE Modeling

X-ray spectra of galaxy clusters are dominated by the thermal emission from the hot intracluster medium. In some cases, besides the thermal component, spectral models require additional components associated, e.g., with resonant scattering and charge exchange. The latter produces mostly underluminous fine spectral features. Detection of the extra components therefore requires high spectral resolution. The upcoming X-ray missions will provide such high resolution, and will allow spectroscopic diagnostics of clusters beyond the current simple thermal modeling. A representative science case is resonant scattering, which produces spectral distortions of the emission lines from the dominant thermal component. Accounting for the resonant scattering is essential for accurate abundance and gas motion measurements of the ICM. The high resolution spectroscopy might also reveal/corroborate a number of new spectral components, including the excitation by non-thermal electrons, the deviation from ionization equilibrium, and charge exchange from surface of cold gas clouds in clusters. Apart from detecting new features, future high resolution spectroscopy will also enable a much better measurement of the thermal component. Accurate atomic database and appropriate modeling of the thermal spectrum are therefore needed for interpreting the data.     

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation technology of wide-band radar targets based on scattering center model

Hardware-in-the-loop(HWIL) simulation technology can verify and evaluate the radar by simulating the radio frequency environment in an anechoic chamber. The HWIL simulation technology of wide-band radar targets can accurately generate wide-band radar target echo which stands for the radar target scattering characteristics and pulse modulation of radar transmitting signal. This paper analyzes the wide-band radar target scattering properties first. Since the responses of target are composed of many separate scattering centers, the target scattering characteristic is restructured by scattering centers model. Based on the scattering centers model of wide-band radar target, the wide-band radar target echo modeling and the simulation method are discussed. The wide-band radar target echo is reconstructed in real-time by convoluting the transmitting signal to the target scattering parameters. Using the digital radio frequency memory(DRFM) system,the HWIL simulation of wide-band radar target echo with high accuracy can be actualized. A typical wide-band radar target simulation is taken to demonstrate the preferable simulation effect of the reconstruction method of wide-band radar target echo. Finally, the radar target time-domain echo and high-resolution range profile(HRRP) are given. The results show that the HWIL simulation gives a high-resolution range distribution of wide-band radar target scattering centers.     

A new algorithm for the formation of ISAR images

A new technique for implementing the enhanced image processing (EIP) algorithm for the formation of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images is presented. The EIP algorithm is required when, during the formation of an image, scattering centers on a target move out of range and/or Doppler resolution cells. This phenomenon is common for high resolution imagery of practical-sized targets. The method presented is based entirely on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and therefore does not require the interpolation schemes that are prevalent in the standard EIP implementation. A brief review of the theory of radar imaging is presented to establish the notation for the work. Following the presentation of the new algorithm, a simple example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new technique. In addition work is presented that demonstrates the processing required to reduce the sidelobes in imagery generated by the EIP technique     

High resolution 3D “snapshot” ISAR imaging and featureextraction

We have developed a new formulation for three dimensional (3D) radar imaging of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) data based on recent developments in high resolution spectral estimation theory. Typically for non real-time applications, image formation is a two step process consisting of motion determination and image generation. The technique presented focuses on this latter process, and assumes the motion of the target is known. The new technique offers several advantages over conventional techniques which are based on the correlation imaging function. In particular, the technique provides for a direct 3D estimate (versus back projection to a 3D target grid matrix) of the locations of the dominant scattering centers using only a minimum set of independent 2D range-Doppler ISAR “snapshots” of the target. Because of the snapshot nature of the technique, it is particularly applicable to 3D imaging of sectors of sparse-angle data, for which the sidelobes of the correlation imaging integral become high. Furthermore, the technique provides for an estimate of amplitude and phase of each scattering center as a function of aspect angle to the target, for those aspect angles which encompass the set of 2D range-Doppler snapshots. Results illustrating the technique developed are presented for both simulated and static range data     

Bayesian Approach to Extended Object and Cluster Tracking using Random Matrices

In algorithms for tracking and sensor data fusion the targets to be observed are usually considered as point source objects; i.e., compared with the sensor resolution their extension is neglected. Due to the increasing resolution capabilities of modern sensors, however, this assumption is often no longer valid as different scattering centers of an object can cause distinct detections when passing the signal processing chain. Examples of extended targets are found in short-range applications (littoral surveillance, autonomous weapons, or robotics). A collectively moving target group can also be considered as an extended target. This point of view is the more appropriate, the smaller the mutual distances between the individual targets are. Due to the resulting data association and resolution conflicts any attempt of tracking the individual objects within the group seems to be no longer reasonable. With simulated sensor data produced by a partly unresolvable aircraft formation the addressed phenomena are illustrated and an approximate Bayesian solution to the resulting tracking problem is proposed. Ellipsoidal object extensions are modeled by random matrices, which are treated as additional state variables to be estimated or tracked. We expect that the resulting tracking algorithms are also relevant for tracking large, collectively moving target swarms.     

Radar target identification of aircraft using polarization-diversefeatures

The characteristics and target identification potential of a representation of the information from two polarization-diverse measurements of the radar backscatter of an unknown target are considered. The locus of these two polarization-diverse waveforms, termed the transient polarization response (TPR), has been shown to be closely related to the geometry of the scattering centers of the target. The polarization-related components of features derived from the TPR concur well with the shape and orientation of the major scattering centers distributed in the downrange profile of the object. This illustrates the intuitively appealing result that the polarization of the backscatter, as represented by the TPR and mapped onto the modified polarization chart, is determined by target geometry. It is shown that both polarization-related and amplitude-related features derived from the TPR are useful for target identification. By using distance measures that depend on various components, the elliptical parametrization information alone is sufficient to allow satisfactory target identification at SNRs of 0 dB and above. The significance of this result is that the absolute amplitudes of the received horizontally polarized and vertically polarized channels need not be known. However, if amplitude information is known, target identification percentages improve     

基于稀疏表示的多雷达信号二维融合处理

多雷达信号融合通过对多视角和多频带雷达信号进行相干融合,可以提高图像的距离和方位向分辨率.为了克服基于谱估计的多雷达信号融合方法稳健性严重依赖于散射点个数估计精度和二维极点配对精度的问题,在深入研究逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)信号的基础上,构造了多雷达信号二维融合的线性表示模型,将融合处理转化为一个信号表示问题;充分挖掘...     

基于导波传播模型的MUSIC损伤识别算法

针对结构健康监测领域的损伤近场定位问题,提出了适用于复合材料结构损伤识别的近场二维多重信号分类（MUSIC）损伤识别算法。该损伤识别算法将导波传播模型引入近场二维MUSIC损伤识别模型,构造损伤散射信号与实验差信号的互相关矩阵,通过信号子空间与噪声子空间正交特性构造近场二维MUSIC空间谱。通过数值仿真和实验验证了所提出的损伤识别算法能够有效地识别复合材料结构损伤位置信息,具有很高的定位精度和分辨率。针对飞机垂直尾翼的加强筋结构对导波传播特性影响较大的问题,提出了分区域监测的损伤检测策略,并利用基于导波传播模型的二维MUSIC空间谱损伤识别算法成功地识别飞机垂直尾翼结构损伤,实现了复杂复合材料结构损伤识别的工程验证。     

非金属翼面结构后向RCS估算方法的探讨

 本文对一种估算非金属翼面结构RCS值的工程算法进行了探讨。将非金属翼面结构的后向RCS看成是由若干个独立的散射源所组成的,用随机相位法对一种玻璃钢复材结构的翼面结构模型的RCS值进行了计算。     

使用光纤光栅和Raman散射实现对智能结构应变和温度的同时测量

提出了一种把光纤光栅和Ｒａｍａｎ散射相结合来实现对智能结构的应变和温度分布进行同时测量的方案,用测量只与温度有关的Ｒａｍａｎ散射得出的温度来解耦光纤光栅的反射中心波长对应变和温度的双重依赖关系,并着重分析了Ｒａｍａｎ散射与光纤光栅联合使用用时在空间分辨率上的匹配问题。     

Measurement of Distributed Targets with the Random Signal Radar

A model of a distributed target as a collection of independent, Poisson distributed point scatterers or scattering centers in a range-velocity target space is introduced and is characterized by a deterministic function called the ?scatterer density function.? This function is the density of the point scatterers in the range-velocity space and can be estimated in a relatively straightforward manner by any radar having adequate resolution in both range and velocity and no ambiguities in the region occupied by the distributed target. The use of the random signal radar with a correlator receiver is considered here and the statistical properties of the correlator output, when the return signal is from a distributed target, are derived. It is shown that the spectral density is simply related to the scatterer density function. The technique is illustrated by an example in which the target is a tornado modeled as a cylinder with constant angular velocity. The example suggests that is a possible to remotely estimate the radar cross section per unit volume as a function of distance from the center of the tornado.     

High resolution exponential modeling of fully polarized radarreturns

A method for modeling full polarization radar target is considered. The approach taken is to estimate a set of target features which describes the target as a set of attributed scattering centers. Each scattering center is characterized by its range, amplitude, and a polarization ellipse. An exponential model for the fully polarized radar return is described, and an algorithm for estimating the parameters in this model is developed. The modeling procedure is applied to compact range measurements of model aircraft     

A High-Resolution Radar Detection Strategy

A comparison of single range cell detection and integrated contiguous range cell detection for a high range resolution radar is presented. A simulation was used to generate probability of detection curves for the two detection strategies using 10 target models with different target scattering characteristics. The integrated range cell detection strategy was found to be superior in all cases except when the target is composed of a single strong flare point.     

基于液晶光阀的动态红外场景仿真研究

介绍了基于液晶光阀的动态红外场景仿真系统构成,分析了液晶光阀的波长变换和空间调制机理。对反映红外场景仿真效果主要因素(光谱输出特性、时间响应特性和空间分辨力)进行了理论分析和研究。利用优化设计液晶光阀参数构建的动态红外场景仿真样机,测量其光谱输出特性、时间响应特性和空间分辨力,结果表明,仿真系统的输出光谱可覆盖中波和长波红外波段,可实现帧频70Hz,系统空间分辨力优于10 lp/mm(受红外光学系统和红外热像仪分辨力限制)。     

固液混合火箭发动机喷焰红外辐射特性分析

为了研究固液混合火箭发动机喷焰在不同飞行状态的红外辐射特性,建立了固液两相状态下喷焰的红外辐射计算模型,获得了喷焰在2~12μm波段的红外辐射.将喷焰的温度、压力、摩尔组分等作为输入条件,米氏散射(Mie)模型计算颗粒相的散射,采用有限体积法(FVM)离散辐射传递方程,利用中分辨率大气辐射传输(MODTRAN)模型计算不同观测距离的大气透过率,编程计算得到不同飞行高度,不同观测方向下喷焰的红外辐射.结果表明喷焰红外辐射亮度与温度分布类似,在2.7~3.0μm和4.2~4.5μm波段范围内的辐射较强,高温粒子在近红外比远红外对总辐射的贡献大,太空与地面观测不同飞行高度的发动机喷焰辐射率因大气衰减的不同而有所差异,可为目标跟踪与发动机设计提供参考.      

Controlled Alteration of Wideband Radar Oata

A procedure is described for obtaining weights for a transversal filter which will degrade the range resolution and alter the sidelobe levels of the sampled version of a time envelope whose spectrum is band. limited and known. The two general cases of super-and sub-Nyquist rate sampling are discussed.     

捷变频雷达自适应抗干扰控制器设计

自适应定频是针对广谱干扰频谱存在频谱凹点和凹区这一特点的重要的抗干扰措施。基于单片机的定频控制器是在原有捷变频雷达系统的基础上进行的改进设计。文章详细介绍了控制器的工作原理、硬件组成及软件设计。该控制器以单片机为核心,通过频谱分析找出干扰频谱的凹点和凹区,然后控制磁控管以该凹点和凹区的频率进行定频工作,达到抗干扰的目的。