弹道导弹发射点位置的弹道重构寻优估计

依据弹道导弹被动段的测量信息,提出了发射点位置的初始解析估计方法,并在此基础上提出了弹道重构寻优估计策略及方法,进一步提高发射点位置估计精度,完成了方法的数值仿真验证,在中远程弹道导弹预警中有一定的参考价值。     

基于预警卫星观测数据的弹道重构算法研究

地球静止轨道顶警卫星弹道重构是弹道导弹防御的一个重要环节，利用基于Stirting插值逼近的非线性KALMAN滤波方法，对凝视型弹道重构算法进行了研究。在对导弹动力学模型分析的基础上，建立了弹道状态方程组和观测方程组，并对滤波计算中的初值选取，参数变换进行了讨论。滤波计算中的初值选取所用的多项式拟合方法，可以进行扫描型弹道重构的实现，但精度不高。通过仿真计算，对算法的可行性进行了验证。     

改进的相位建模法在瞬时频率估计中的应用

瞬时频率估计是非平稳信号分析的重要内容.相位建模法估计瞬时频率的精度高、抗噪性能好,但是计算复杂,在工程上难以实时实现,限制了其进一步发展.先介绍了瞬时频率的定义和相位建模法,然后针对传统相位建模法存在的计算复杂的问题提出了改进的相位建模法,并进行了仿真分析.结果证明,在保证精度的前提下,该改进算法有效地简化了计算.     

航天器两自由度扫描镜图像运动补偿技术研究

研究航天器的两自由度扫描镜图像运动补偿问题。在姿态估计信息的基础上,给出了一种运动补偿算法。算法中不仅补偿了姿态估计信息,还同时考虑了姿态信息中的长周期系统误差。利用扫描镜在特定工作模式下相对惯性空间的准确定向能力和系统误差的长周期特性,给出了一种系统误差的估计和补偿算法,每隔一定的时间段对系统误差估计值进行更新并加以补偿,进一步提高了扫描精度。基于一颗地球静止轨道卫星的数值仿真结果验证了补偿算法的有效性。     

International cooperation in space: the AIAA–IAC workshops

Over the past decade the International Activities Committee (IAC) of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) has organized a series of six workshops on international space cooperation. The major findings and recommendations that have emerged from these workshops are summarized, clustered by topic, with a reference to the report on the particular workshop at which they were made. The authors comment on the relevance of certain of the findings in today's environment and the status of implementation of associated recommendations.     

Intellectual property rights and space activities

On 5 and 6 December 1994, a two-day workshop was organised by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Centre for Space Law (ECSL) at ESA's Headquarters in Paris on the theme ‘Intellectual property rights and space activities: a worldwide perspective’. It was attended by some 90 participants and 16 papers were presented, analysing legal and policy issues with regard to intellectual property rights (IPRs) and space activities in a world context.     

基于自适应IMM算法的蛇形机动目标加速度估计研究

针对防空导弹拦截高速蛇形机动反舰导弹的难题,基于导引头测量的视线角速度、弹目相对速度等信息,开展了蛇形机动目标加速度估计算法的研究,最终建立了基于交互多模型的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,实现了对蛇形机动目标的加速度估计。考虑传统加速度方差计算方法受限于先验值的缺陷,根据残差对加速度方差的计算方法进行了改进。数字仿真证明:提出的自适应交互多模型算法能有效提高蛇形机动目标加速度的估计精度。     

Earth Observation Data Policy and Europe (EOPOLE)

A project has recently begun to review, coordinate and help formulate European Earth observation data policy. The project held its first of several workshops at University College London, 11–13 January 1999. The purpose of the first workshop was to conduct a review of the state-of-the-art in Earth observation data policy in Europe. All the EOPOLE team members gave presentations, and an extended discussion was held with Roy Gibson, former Director General of the European Space Agency, as the invited expert. This report describes the raison d'etre of EOPOLE and presents the main conclusions of the first workshop.     

Low-temperature ionizing radiation resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans and Antarctic Dry Valley bacteria

The high flux of cosmic rays onto the unshielded surface of Mars poses a significant hazard to the survival of martian microbial life. Here, we determined the survival responses of several bacterial strains to ionizing radiation exposure while frozen at a low temperature characteristic of the martian near-subsurface. Novel psychrotolerant bacterial strains were isolated from the Antarctic Dry Valleys, an environmental analogue of the martian surface, and identified by 16S rRNA gene phylogeny as representatives of Brevundimonas, Rhodococcus, and Pseudomonas genera. These isolates, in addition to the known radioresistant extremophile Deinococcus radiodurans, were exposed to gamma rays while frozen on dry ice (-79°C). We found D. radiodurans to exhibit far greater radiation resistance when irradiated at -79°C than was observed in similar studies performed at higher temperatures. This greater radiation resistance has important implications for the estimation of potential survival times of microorganisms near the martian surface. Furthermore, the most radiation resistant of these Dry Valley isolates, Brevundimonas sp. MV.7, was found to show 99% 16S rRNA gene similarity to contaminant bacteria discovered in clean rooms at both Kennedy and Johnson Space Centers and so is of prime concern to efforts in the planetary protection of Mars from our lander probes. Results from this experimental irradiation, combined with previous radiation modeling, indicate that Brevundimonas sp. MV.7 emplaced only 30?cm deep in martian dust could survive the cosmic radiation for up to 100,000 years before suffering 10? population reduction.     

New technologies and data integration

The fourth workshop of the Earth Observation Data Policy and Europe (EOPOLE) project was held in Brussels, Belgium, 18–20 October 1999 at the offices of the European Commission DG Research, with Yves Reginster of Gere SA, Luxembourg, as guest speaker. The purpose of the workshop was to discuss the data policy issues raised by new technologies and by integrating Earth observation (EO) data with non-EO data. They included risks and reliability of output products, transfer of experience with new projects and intellectual property rights.     

基于极化时频分布的改进DOA估计算法

针对雷达回波信号波达方向估计精度差和时频分析方法运算量大的问题,以极化敏感阵列为模型,结合时频分析方法,充分利用回波信号的空域、时频域和极化域信息,对雷达回波信号进行更准确的估计,并简化其计算量。分析基于空间极化时频分布的多重信号分类(MUSIC)和旋转不变子空间(ESPRIT)算法,并结合两者的优缺点提出了一种改进算法。改进算法用极化时频ESPRIT算法对来波信号确定大致的方位角,以每个方位角为中心确定一个小角度范围,在此范围内用MUSIC算法进行谱峰搜索,得到较准确的波达方向(DOA)估计值,在确保DOA估计精度的基础上节省大部分运算时间。仿真试验验证了该改进算法的有效性。     

The analysis of measurements of quasi-stationary electrical fields in the near-surface zone of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mir</Emphasis> orbital complex

The quasi-stationary electrical fields have been measured in the near-surface zone of the Kvant module of the Mir orbital complex using vibration-type sensors of the Zond-Zaryad instrument. The analysis of measurements has shown that, depending on the spacecraft’s surface section shape (an octagon), four areas of the electrical fields configuration (and of the plasma component density) were revealed in the spacecraft vicinity: a ram with angular extension of about 120° (±60°), two side areas with angular extension of about 60° each, and a wake with angular extension of about 120° (±60°). The electrical field in the ram has a small absolute value. In the side areas, the electrical field can have either a negative or positive value, and it is smaller in magnitude than that in the ram. The electrical field in the wake has a three-petal structure (and an even more complicated structure is also possible): the negative value of the field (with angular extension of about 45°), the positive value of the field (with angular extension of about 30°), and, again, the negative value of the field (with angular extension of about 45°). Absolute value of the field in the wake is at least an order of magnitude higher than that in the ram and on the side surfaces.     

双基地MIMO雷达收发角和径向速度联合估计

在双基地MIMO雷达信号模型基础上,提出一种新的目标收发角和径向速度联合估计方法。该方法首先将三参数估计问题转化为非对称联合对角化问题,然后采用最小二乘循环算法对其求解,估计收发导向矩阵和速度矩阵,最后利用谱分析算法恢复收发角和径向速度。同时采用截断高阶奇异值分解(THOSVD)对数据进行压缩处理,减小运算量。该方法充分利用匹配滤波输出的所有信息,无需二维谱峰搜索,每次循环均可得到精确的闭式解。与基于并行因子(PARAFAC)分析的方法相比,该方法可获得更高的参数估计精度,且三参数自动配对。仿真表明了方法的有效性。     

湿陷性黄土地基中预制桩承台板设计

本文通过西北某厂房的桩基承台设计，阐述了温陷性黄土地基中预制桩承台板设计的有关问题及经济造价比较。     

Towards a cooperation between the arts,space science research and the European Space Agency – Preliminary findings of the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS)

The arts offer alternative insights into reality, which are explored by science in general, and broadened by the activities conducted by the European Space Agency [4] and other space agencies. Similar to the way the members of ESA are ambassadors for spaceflight and science, artists and cultural professionals are ambassadors for human expression, experimentation, and exploration. In June 2011, the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS) held a three-day workshop at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany. During this workshop, topics and ideas were discussed to develop initiatives between the arts, sciences and ESA. The aim was to foster and expand the human and cultural aspects of space exploration, and at the same time offer a means of communication that aims to reach audiences beyond the scope of traditional space-related channels. The consensus of the team was that establishing and sustaining a transdisciplinary professional community consisting of ESA representatives, scientists and artists would fuel knowledge transfer, and mutual inspiration. Potential ways to provide a sustainable cooperation within and between the various groups were discussed. We present the preliminary findings including a number of measures and mechanisms to initiate and conduct such an initiative. Plausible organisational measures, procedures and consequences, as well as a proposition on how to proceed are also discussed. Overall, the involvement and cooperation between the arts, space science research and ESA will enhance in the citizens of the ESA member states the sense of public ownership of ESA results, and participation in ESA?s research.     

基于线性特征的中分辨率航天遥感器MTF在轨评价及其在图像恢复中的应用

文章在简要介绍遥感器在轨MTF评测值在遥感图像处理中的意义基础上,分析了中分辨率遥感卫星成像过程MTF在轨测试的各种方法的适用性、算法和具体指标要求,提出了适合于中分辨率遥感卫星成像过程MTF的在轨评价方法,并剖析了遥感卫星成像过程中影响MTF的多种因素;最终以CBERS-02星CCD图像为对象进行了试验,并有效运用于图像恢复。     

Pricing policy and legal issues: 6th and 7th EOPOLE workshops

The following report presents the main conclusions of the sixth and seventh EOPOLE workshops, held in Hydra, Greece, 3–4 May and Leiden, the Netherlands, 3–5 July 2000, respectively. The objectives of the first workshop were to evaluate different approaches to pricing policy and to assess how new developments in Earth observation and information technology are having an impact on Earth observation data pricing policy. Those of the second were to assess the constraints that legal frameworks impose on Earth observation and to explore ways in which they can be used to its advantage.     

固体火箭发动机加延时间试验的可靠性增长Bayes分析

针对含有加延时间试验的固体火箭发动机研制过程,将Mazzuchi-Soyer可靠性增长模型用于此类研制试验的可靠性分析,扩展了模型应用范围。首先,采用威布尔分布描述发动机可靠性随试车时间变化,经过一定的数学变换后,采用Mazzuchi-Soyer可靠性增长模型融合了先验信息和各阶段试验信息,给出了研制试验结束时产品可靠性的联合后验分布;然后,利用Gibbs抽样算法解决了后验推断计算问题,最终得到了各阶段产品可靠性的Bayes点估计和区间估计;最后,给出了产品可靠性增长分析实例,表明了模型的优越性。     

Bayes修正幂验前方法在制导精度评定中的应用

如何合理有效的利用验前信息,是小子样评定中的关键问题。针对导弹制导精度评 定,引入 修正幂验前分布控制验前信息对验后估计的影响,详细推导了Bayes修正幂验前下的制导精 度评定中兴趣参数的验后密度函数。通过对参数验后估计的分析,该方法能够有效避免验前 信息“淹没”现场信息的情况,而幂参数通过验后边缘分布得到。通过对验后估计平均平方 误差（MSE）的分析,给出了验前信息利用的一些基本原则,为工程应用提供了指导。〖JP 〗     

测量不确定的充液航天器自适应鲁棒容错控制

针对三轴稳定充液航天器控制系统中同时存在外部未知干扰,参数不确定,测量不确定和执行器部分失效故障的鲁棒容错姿态机动控制问题进行研究。首先将部分充液贮箱内的晃动液体燃料等效为粘性球摆模型,采用动量矩守恒定律推导出航天器的刚-液耦合动力学方程。然后将变结构控制策略结合范数自适应估计算法设计了自适应鲁棒容错控制器,其中设计的范数自适应控制算法用于有效估计由测量不确定产生的集总扰动的未知上界;自适应估计算法则用于有效估计贮箱内的液体晃动位移变量。提出的控制策略不依赖精确的故障信息,并且在故障信息值不确定的情况下可以实现期望的姿态机动任务。基于Lyapunov稳定性分析方法证明了容错闭环系统状态变量的一致最终有界性。采用数值方法验证了所提控制方法的有效性和鲁棒性。