GH4169G整体叶盘阶梯铣削稳定性研究

为解决高强高温合金GH4169G整体叶盘叶片铣削加工不稳定问题,通过有限元分析的方法,分析了沿大径方向(叶片宽度)和轴向(叶身方向)两种逐层铣削方案对加工稳定性的影响,研究了阶梯铣削工艺和传统双面对称铣削工艺对整体叶盘叶片铣削稳定性的影响.结果表明:沿大径方向逐层加工时,其理论绝对稳定极限切削深度小于实际加工中可能的最大切削深度,主轴转速、切削深度等切削参数选择范围较小;而沿轴向逐层加工时,其理论绝对稳定极限切削深度大于实际加工中可能的最大切削深度.与传统双面对称铣削工艺相比,阶梯铣削工艺使整体叶盘叶片的刚度得到提高,相同载荷下叶片的最大变形量降低了60%,其前6阶模态频率均较高,加工过程更稳定,加工出的叶片能满足设计要求.      

基于微小型机床的微细铣削力实验研究

在自行开发的三轴联动微小型铣床上,对铝合金材料2A12进行了微细铣削力实验.采用单因素方法,研究了微细槽铣时主轴转速、轴向切削深度、每齿进给量对切削力的影响,以及微细顺铣和逆铣时径向切削深度对切削力的影响,并对切削力信号进行频谱分析.     

定长补偿电火花铣削加工中锥形电极的形成及稳定性

电火花铣削可以利用简单电极加工复杂工件,对铣削过程中电极损耗进行补偿是保证工件加工精度的重要措施。使用圆柱电极进行定长补偿铣削加工,加工过程中电极端面会形成一个圆锥形。为保证补偿精度,对电极圆锥形端面的形成及稳定性进行了研究。通过对定长补偿下工件被加工情况的研究,阐述了圆锥形电极形成的具体过程;并且论证了在加工进入稳定阶段以后,圆锥端面角度会基本保持在一个恒定值,研究了初始加工深度和补偿长度对锥形过渡阶段的影响;在电极直径、电参数一定情况下,验证了加工模型中锥形角度与目标加工深度的函数关系,实验结果与模型计算结果相差2.1%;最后给出了加工实例,并获得较好的加工效果。     

飞机蒙皮镜像铣加工稳定性分析

镜像铣技术是近年来提出的一种针对大尺寸薄壁件的加工方法,其加工环保、高效,具有逐步取代传统化铣加工的趋势。针对飞机蒙皮镜像铣加工过程中的颤振问题,首先,根据镜像铣加工特点,建立工艺系统颤振稳定性极限的预测模型;其次,通过有限元方法对蒙皮工件进行模态分析,分析蒙皮不同加工位置动力学特性变化导致的铣削稳定性变化,并通过实验测量获取工件动力学参数,对不同加工位置的稳定性做出预测;最后,开展加工实验,基于非接触测量方法,在线监测镜像铣加工区域的振动位移,通过时、频域信号对加工状态进行辨识,揭示了镜像铣加工过程的稳定性变化及失稳机制,验证了所提方法的准确性,在工程领域具有较高的实用价值。     

立铣加工颤振稳定性时域求解与分析研究(英文)

In this paper, the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness is modeled to include the dynamic modulation caused by the tool vibration while the dynamic regenerative effects are taken into account. The numerical method is used to solve the differential equations goveming the dynamics of the milling system. Several chatter detection criteria are applied synthetically to the simulated signals and the stability diagram is obtained in time-domain. The simulation results in time-domain show a good agreement with the analytical prediction, which is validated by the cutting experiments. By simulating the chatter stability lobes in the time-domain and analyzing the influences of different spindle speeds on the vibration amplitudes of the tool under a Fixed chip-load condition, conclusions could be drawn as follows： In rough milling, higher machining efficiency can be achieved by selecting a spindle speed corresponding to the axial depth of cut in accordance with the simulated chatter stability lobes, and in Fmish milling, lower surface roughness can be achieved by selecting a spindle speed well beyond the resonant frequency of machining system.     

材料切除对机匣铣削动力学与稳定性的影响

在薄壁零件加工过程中,工件材料的连续切除会造成工艺系统动力学特性的不断变化,并对工艺系统的颤振稳定性产生显著影响。以航空发动机机匣为对象,研究了其铣削过程中工件材料切除以及切削位置变化对工件动力学特性与颤振稳定性的影响规律。首先,根据机匣的几何结构与铣削工艺特点,提出了按切削行及切削段进行材料切除过程细分的方法。其次,建立了工艺系统动力学特性演化的快速计算方法和颤振稳定性极限的频域预测方法,并在单个切削行内和不同切削行间分析了材料切除过程对工艺系统的影响。结果显示,在单个切削行内工艺系统的动力学特性会小幅度减小,稳定性极限图会向左下方小幅度偏移;在不同切削行间工艺系统的动力学特性变化幅度较大,稳定性极限图呈现出交错排列现象,难以针对整个铣削过程进行切削参数优选,因此提出了基于单行刀位轨迹的切削参数优选方法,保证了整个材料切除过程的稳定切削。最后,进行了机匣铣削与模态试验,验证了所提方法的正确性与有效性。     

A novel stability prediction approach for thin-walled component milling considering material removing process

The milling stability of thin-walled components is an important issue in the aviation manufacturing industry,which greatly limits the removal rate of a workpiece.However,for a thin-walled workpiece,the dynamic characteristics vary at different positions.In addition,the removed part also has influence on determining the modal parameters of the workpiece.Thus,the milling stability is also time-variant.In this work,in order to investigate the time variation of a workpiece's dynamic characteristics,a new computational model is firstly derived by dividing the workpiece into a removed part and a remaining part with the Ritz method.Then,an updated frequency response function is obtained by Lagrange's equation and the corresponding modal parameters are extracted.Finally,multi-mode stability lobes are plotted by the different quadrature method and its accuracy is verified by experiments.The proposed method improves the computational efficiency to predict the time-varying characteristics of a thin-walled workpiece.     

融合机床精度与工艺参数的铣削误差预测模型

为弥补现有五轴联动数控铣床加工飞机结构件的加工精度评估系统的不足,提出利用机床精度检测数据和零件特征及其工艺参数来构建评估指标体系,基于BP神经网络建立了飞机结构件加工误差预测模型。通过完成训练的网络权值分布,计算出各输入指标对最后评估结果的影响,并通过实例分析检验了模型的可靠性。结果表明,经BP神经网络模型训练得到的结果和样本零件的三坐标测量机测量数据基本吻合,选取的评价指标具有有效性。该评估模型能够有效地融合机床精度检测数据和零件特征及其加工工艺参数,对飞机结构件的铣削加工误差进行预测。     

In-process adaptive milling for large-scale assembly interfaces of a vertical tail driven by real-time vibration data

Assembly interfaces, the joint surfaces between the vertical tail and rear fuselage of a large aircraft, are thin-wall components. Their machining quality are seriously restricted by the machining vibration. To address this problem, an in-process adaptive milling method is proposed for the large-scale assembly interface driven by real-time machining vibration data. Within this context, the milling operation is first divided into several process steps, and the machining vibration data in each pro...     

Time-domain modeling of a cutter exiting a workpiece in the slot milling process

In a milling operation, there must be processes of a cutter entering and exiting the work-piece boundary. The cutter exit is usually in the feed direction and the dynamic response is different from that in the normal cutting process. This paper presents a new time-domain modeling of mechanics and dynamics of the cutter exit process for the slot milling process. The cutter is assumed to exit the workpiece for the first time with one tooth right in the feed direction. The dynamic chip thickness is summed up along the feed direction and compared with the remaining workpiece length in the feed direction to judge whether the cutter is ready to exit the workpiece or not. The developed model is then used for analyzing the cutting force and machining vibration in the cutter exit process. The developed mathematical model is experimentally validated by comparing the simulated forces and vibrations against the measured data collected from real slotting milling tests. The study shows that stable cutting parameters cannot guarantee stable cutting in a cutter exit process and further study can be performed to control the vibration amplitude in this specific process.     

Stability analysis of robotic longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic milling

Currently, industrial robots are considered as an alternative towards traditional machine tools. Especially for the large-scale parts milling, robotic flexibility and low cost make it possess the irreplaceability. However, the milling chatter caused by its weak rigidity hampers robotic application and promotion severely in aviation industry. Rotary ultrasonic milling (RUM) technology with one-dimensional axial vibration has been proven and approved on avoiding robotic chatter. Based on this, the research of project team demonstrates that longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic milling (CUM-LT) involving separation characteristic has a greater advantage than RUM in terms of chatter suppression. Thereby, the CUM-LT as a new means is applied to avoid processing vibration of robotic milling system. And its influence mechanism on stability improvement of weak stiffness processing system is clarified. Meanwhile, the approaches to strengthen separation effect are provided innovatively. Moreover, a new analysis method of robotic CUM-LT (RCUM-LT) stability is proposed on the basis of ultrasonic function angles. The simulation and experimental results indicate that compared with robotic RUM (RRUM), stability regions of separated RCUM-LT (SRCUM-LT) and unseparated RCUM-LT (URCUM-LT) are improved by 124.42% and 39.20%, respectively. The addition of torsional ultrasonic energy has a wonderful effect on the milling chatter suppression of low stiffness robots.     

微细电解铣削加工模型及实验研究

 对微细电解铣削加工技术进行了深入研究。将分层加工技术应用到微细电解加工过程中,显著改善了加工稳定性;建立了微细电解铣削加工的数学模型;基于电化学刻蚀原理,在线制得直径小至10 μm的圆柱电极;分组实验并验证了加工模型中各参数如：电极直径、加工电压、电解液浓度、铣削层厚度等对微细电解铣削加工精度的影响。通过优化加工参数,成功加工出了深三角结构和四棱台微型腔,形状精度高,加工稳定性好。     

中低速数控铣削参数优化技术研究及应用

采用平均铣削力系数模型对数控加工过程中的铣削力进行仿真预测.在此基础上,综合考虑数控加工过程中机床、刀具以及工件3方面限制加工效率的因素,对主轴转速、进给速度、径向切宽以及轴向切深4个参数进行优化.利用VC与Matlab编程,开发了"中低速数控铣削过程力学仿真与参数优化系统".针对航空难加工材料GH4169,在SandviK推荐参数基础上进行仿真优化.结果表明,基于力学仿真的数控铣削参数优化技术在难加工材料加工中可提高加工效率12%～378%.     

Optimization on cooperative feed strategy for radial–axial ring rolling process of Inco718 alloy by RSM and FEM

During radial–axial ring rolling process,cooperative strategy of the radial–axial feed is critical for dimensional accuracy and thermo mechanical parameters distribution of the formed ring.In order to improve the comprehensive quality of the ring parts,response surface method(RSM) is employed for the first time to optimize the cooperative feed strategy for radial–axial ring rolling process by combining it with an improved and verified 3D coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model.The feed trajectory is put forward to describe cooperative relationship of the radial–axial feed and three variables are designed based on the feed trajectory.In order to achieve multiobjective optimization,four responses including thermo mechanical parameters distribution and rolling force are proposed.Based on the FEM results,RSM is used to establish a response model to depict the function relationship between the objective response and design variables.Through this approximate model,effects of different variables on ring rolling process are analyzed connectedly and optimal feed strategy is obtained by resorting to the optimal chart specific to a constraint condition.     

航空结构件铣削变形及其控制研究进展

随着机床加工性能和刀具切削性能的提升,航空结构件的高效高精加工成为可能.航空结构件薄壁加工特征多,在铣削过程中易发生变形,因此预测与控制航空结构件的加工变形是切削加工领域内亟待解决的难题.通过总结了航空结构件的特点及加工难点,对加工变形形成机理进行深入分析;对加工变形影响最为关键的铣削力模型进行归纳;阐述了航空结构件残...     

TC4钛合金盘铣开槽加工残余应力

整体叶盘盘铣开槽加工过程中铣削力大,铣削温度高,会在加工表面表成较深的残余应力层,对零件的疲劳寿命造成严重影响。为提高零件的疲劳寿命,本文以钛合金试块为研究对象,利用残余应力测试分析系统测量表面残余应力,利用拨层法测量次表面的残余应力,采用线性回归技术建立残余应力预测模型,并利用极差分析法分析工艺参数对残余应力的影响规律。试验结果表明:盘铣表面均为压应力,且轮毂面上的残余应力大于叶盆叶背面上的残余应力,均由挤光效应引起;回归预测模型的显著性水平为0. 01,其回归效果良好;各因素对σAx、σAy(σAx、σAy分别表示轮毂面x、y方向残余应力)的影响程度依次为主轴转速>进给速度>切削深度;对σBx(σBx表示叶盆叶背面x方向上的残余应力)的影响程度依次为主轴转速>切削深度>进给速度;残余应力纵向均为压应力,轮毂面上的分布深度为230~270μm,叶盆叶背面上的分布深度为170~175μm。     

铣削参数对7055-T6铝合金耐腐蚀性的影响

文摘研究了铣削工艺参数对切削力、表面粗糙度、轮廓与形貌、自腐蚀电位和电流密度的影响。结果表明:随着切削速度的增大,切削力与表面粗糙度呈现先增大后减小再增大的变化规律;随着轴向切深的增加,切削力与表面粗糙度都呈增大的趋势;铣削后刀面对已加工表面的挤压改善了铝合金的腐蚀性能;切削转速为4 000 r/min,轴向切深为0.25 mm时,加工表面耐腐蚀性能最优;在较大的轴向切深下,已加工表面易产生微裂纹,而导致腐蚀加剧。     

磁流变机床误差分析和加工工艺优化

首先通过实验分析不同工艺参数下对去除函数稳定性的影响,并进行了仿真分析,确定了机床的敏感方向;其次,对磁流变机床运动轴误差进行了测量,分析这些误差引起法线方向误差的大小;最后,实验验证采用较大的压深和补偿法线方向误差可以有效提高机床的加工精度.     

切削参数对SiCp/Al复合材料铣削棱边形貌的影响

针对20vol%的SiC_p/Al复合材料的棱边缺陷问题,利用单因素实验对其进行面铣,研究了切削参数对出口棱边形貌的影响。研究结果表明:出口棱边形貌受铣削速度变化的影响较大,在低速(40和80 m/min)和高速(200 m/min)时棱边形貌均较好;当进给量为0.02和0.04 mm/r时,出口棱边主要存在毛刺。随着进给量的不断增大,棱边出现了严重的缺陷和表层剥落,之后棱边又以少量的毛刺和缺陷为主。当只改变轴向切深时,出口棱边均会出现严重的缺陷,只改变轴向切深对改善棱边形貌质量效果不显著。因此,当铣削速度为低速或高速、进给量较小且轴向切深适中时,SiC_p/Al才能获得较好的出口棱边形貌。     

Vibrations characterization in milling of low stiffness parts with a rubber-based vacuum fixture

Fixtures are a critical element in machining operations as they are the interface between the part and the machine. These components are responsible for the precise part location on the machine table and for the proper dynamic stability maintenance during the manufacturing operations. Although these two features are deeply related, they are usually studied separately. On the one hand, diverse adaptable solutions have been developed for the clamping of different variable geometries. Parallelly, the stability of the part has been long studied to reduce the forced vibration and the chatter effects, especially on thin parts machining operations typically performed in the aeronautic field, such as the skin panels milling. The present work proposes a commitment between both features by the presentation of an innovative vacuum fixture based on the use of a vulcanized rubber layer. This solution presents high flexibility as it can be adapted to different geometries while providing a proper damping capacity due to the viscoelastic and elastoplastic behaviour of these compounds. Moreover, the sealing properties of these elastomers provide the perfect combination to transform a rubber layer into a flexible vacuum table. Therefore, in order to validate the suitability of this fixture, a test bench is manufactured and tested under uniaxial compression loads and under real finish milling conditions over AA2024 part samples. Finally, a roughness model is proposed and analysed in order to characterize the part vibration sources.