基于功率保持的辅助动力装置引气性能计算模型

以带负载压气机辅助动力装置(APU)为对象,分析了其结构特点与工作原理,针对目前工程上常用的APU引气性能计算模型的不足,建立了基于APU与空气涡轮匹配的总体性能数学模型和负载压气机变几何部件特性插值模型。在此基础上,研究了APU功率调节规律,获得了轴功率负载、APU涡轮前温度、排气温度与负载压气机进口导叶角度之间的匹配关系,进而实现了APU全包线内和全工况下的引气性能计算。利用GTCP131-9A试验数据对模型进行了验证,结果表明:引气流量计算误差小于3%,引气压力计算误差小于4%;功率保持下的APU涡轮前温度限制值仅与轴功率负载大小有关,与进气温度无关。研究结论对于带负载压气机APU总体性能计算和调节规律设计提供了参考。      

空气涡轮起动机与APU引气共同工作特性匹配

正空气涡轮起动机(ATS)是现代大型民航客机发动机的主要起动系统,用于飞机发动机地面油封、启封、冷运转、假起动和空中辅助起动时带转高压转子,确保按照发动机需要将发动机高压转子带转到预定转速。空气涡轮起动机输出功率受进口气流参数的影响,进口气流参数又受APU引气特性的影响,而APU引气特性受到大气温度和海拔高度的影响。ATS与APU的共同工作特性匹配对发动机的起动性能具有较大的影响,若匹配不好,会导致     

辅助动力装置导叶调节规律及对性能影响研究

以带负载压气机的辅助动力装置(APU)为研究对象,为实现进口导向叶片(IGV)在不同角度下引气流量与负载压气机出口流量的匹配设计,根据已有的IGV在30°,50°,75°和90°时对应的负载压气机特性,建立引气特性插值表,设计IGV开环控制规律,并在此基础上完成了引气量稳态变化、动态变化以及卸载过程数值仿真,分析了引气量改变对动力段压气机工作点和APU性能参数的影响。仿真结果表明,引气量在0.6~1.8kg/s范围内变化时,IGV开环控制规律能够根据引气量和环境大气调节IGV角度,确保负载压气机始终处于稳定、高效的工作状态。该控制规律在全包线范围内均适用,可以应用于APU引气匹配设计。     

飞机辅助动力装置引气特性计算方法

作为飞机环控系统与主发动机起动的气源,以目前广泛应用的带负载压气机结构APU(Auxiliary Power Unit)为研究对象,进行引气特性计算模型与计算方法研究.首先介绍了APU结构与引气工作特点,然后分析了建模时喘振控制阀SCV (Surge Control Valve)控制方法与APU共同工作机理,最后采用部件法建立了该类型APU引气计算数学模型.以某型APU为对象进行数值仿真并与实际试车数据比较,计算误差小于3％,表明所采用的建模方法是正确的,所建立的模型能够满足工程需求.     

辅助动力装置系统空中起动设计和验证

辅助动力装置(Auxiliary Power Unit,简称APU)系统空中起动设计和验证共涉及APU 本体研制、APU 系统进排气冲压恢复计算分析、APU 系统进排气和APU 本体性能匹配计算分析、APU 系统进气风门设计、进气风门气动载荷计算分析、进气风门作动机构设计、进气风门控制逻辑设计、本体起动控制逻辑设计、冲压恢复测量试飞、适航验证试验试飞等内容,这对飞机主制造商的系统集成能力和适航验证能力提出了很高要求。APU 系统空中起动设计直接影响系统起动性能和起动包线,对某型飞机的辅助动力装置系统空中起动设计和验证进行了介绍,在型号研制经验的基础上,对APU 系统空中起动设计和验证流程和方法进行总结,对后续型号研制具有较强的指导性。     

空气涡轮起动机调压装置AMESim建模与仿真

根据空气涡轮起动机ATS(air turbine starter)系统中调压装置(该装置为一个多气动部件组成的压力闭环控制系统)的结构特点及工作原理,通过理论分析建立了其数学模型,采用模块化方法设计了调压装置的AMESim仿真模型.以某型ATS为应用对象,分别在斜坡输入、随机方波输入、阶跃输入及正弦输入下进行系统输出压力仿真.结果显示在不同输入下的压力输出基本恒定,典型工作状态仿真数据与试验数据比较,误差小于3%,表明建模方法是正确的,所建模型可满足工程要求.      

APU空中起动性能及其控制规律试验研究

APU空中起动性能匹配设计是APU系统设计与集成的重要内容。本文提出了一种针对带有冲压进气门的APU系统的空中起动性能匹配试验方法,并结合其在实际工程中的应用,对APU空中起动控制规律的选择进行了验证与分析。     

级间引气条件下轴流压气机特性预测方法

为了确定级间引气对多级轴流压气机特性的影响，便于在燃气轮机整体性能分析时简化引气模型，开展级间引气条件 下轴流压气机特性预测方法研究，通过级间匹配模型求解引气位置压力、温度和引气位置上下游的特性，根据引气后的上下游重 新匹配确定受引气影响的压气机特性线。结果表明：对5级压气机在换算转速为1.0、0.7和0.5倍设计转速情况下分别进行了预 测，得到的特性线与压气机原特性线相比有明显变化。在压比-流量特性图中，引气后的等换算转速线整体位于原特性线之上，压气 机压比提高，在小流量时提高较小，在大流量时提高较大，并且提高效果随引气流量增加逐渐明显；在效率-流量特性图中，引气后的 等换算转速线与原特性线交于一点，在该点左侧效率因引气而降低并随着引气流量增大而进一步降低，在该点右侧则刚好相反。采 用此5级压气机的抽放气特性对性能预测模型进行了验证，引气位置总温的相对误差不超过1%，总压的相对误差不超过2%。     

GTCP85-129型APU起动故障分析

从APU起动特性入手,结合维护特点,分析影响APU起动因素,提出了改善APU起动性能的维护方法. 据统计,自1993年9月至2006年2月,厦航机队该型号APU共发生故障993起,其中起动故障466起,占APU故障总量的416.93%.是APU正常工作的主要障碍,也是改善APU维护水平所需解决的主要问题.     

基于内外传热耦合的热气防冰系统仿真计算

基于内外传热耦合原理,建立了热气防冰系统的AMESim仿真模型,研究热气防冰系统在不同引气状态下,管路流量、压力及蒙皮温度的变化规律.采用所建立的仿真方法,计算飞机机翼热气防冰系统的内部流动特性和内外耦合传热特性,将计算结果与热气防冰系统流量分配试验结果进行对比.结果表明:管路流量、压力和蒙皮温度的仿真计算结果与试验结果最大误差为9%,验证了该仿真模型的正确性.在此基础上,对飞机短舱热气防冰系统进行了仿真,分析了飞行包线下系统内外的换热、温度变化、加热效率等关键参数的瞬态特性.仿真结果为热气防冰系统的设计、分析与优化提供依据.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.