“嫦娥二号”卫星发射及任务实施情况

<正>2010年10月1日18时59分57秒,"长征三号丙"火箭在我国西昌卫星发射中心点火发射,把"嫦娥二号"卫星成功送入太空。这标志着探月工程二期任务迈出了成功的第一步。"嫦娥二号"卫星是我国自主研制的第二颗月球探测卫星,是探月工程二期的技术先导星。与"嫦娥一号"卫星相比,"嫦娥二号"卫星进行了多项技术改进,将验证直接地月转移发射、近月100km制动、环月轨道机动与定轨、X频段测控、高精度对月成像等多项关键技术,为实现成功落月积累经验。     

嫦娥一号卫星飞行控制模拟器的设计与研制

飞行控制模拟器,简称飞控模拟器,是飞控中心用来验证飞行程序和地面测控方案,训练操作人员的模拟仿真系统,为系统演练构造一个尽量逼真的任务环境.介绍了嫦娥一号飞控模拟器的功能、结构和使用模式.提出了带轨道根数跳时的新方法,使模拟器具备加速跳时至任意轨道段的能力,提高了任务演练的灵活性.建立了高精度轨道动力学模型,并首次在模拟器中直接嵌入了部分星载软件,大大提高了模拟器的保真度.同时专门设计了图形化的集中监控软件,方便了用户的操作和管理.该模拟器在嫦娥一号卫星任务准备中得到了充分的应用,为嫦娥一号卫星任务的圆满完成奠定了坚实的基础.根据该模拟器的开发经验,对未来模拟器的研制提出了几点建议.     

嫦娥一号卫星的制导、导航与控制

嫦娥一号卫星是中国首颗月球卫星。卫星制导、导航与控制(GNC)任务复杂多变,对系统实时性、可靠性和精度要求较高。文章介绍嫦娥一号卫星GNC系统组成、控制方法、系统特点和典型飞行结果。     

嫦娥一号卫星紫外月球敏感器

探月工程是我国航天领域的又一项重大工程项目,嫦娥一号卫星是探月工程的第一步。嫦娥一号卫星首次采用了一种全新的光学姿态敏感器——紫外月球敏感器,实现在卫星环月飞行期间的姿态测量任务。紫外月球敏感器是一种以月球为姿态参考源的大视场成像式光学姿态敏感器,本文介绍其工作原理、功能与组成以及在轨飞行试验的相关情况。     

四大相机记录探月精彩瞬间

"嫦娥二号"作为我国探月工程二期的先导星,肩负着验证部分关键技术,降低后续工程风险的重任。为此,工程研制人员除了为"嫦娥二号"卫星配置了清晰度更高,性能更好的CCD立体相机外,还特意为"嫦娥二号"打造了一套"全方位、多角度"的监视相机系统,用以密切监视卫星在奔月及环月飞行期间,星上重要设备的工作情况,并在卫星飞抵月球     

嫦娥寄语活动落幕 万条作品祈愿航天祝福祖国

<正>随着嫦娥二号任务工程目标的基本成功,由中国航天科技集团公司主办的、中国航天报社承办的"中国卫星杯"嫦娥二号卫星发射成功寄语征集活动也进入尾声。10月14日,在太空家园馆特别活动日前夕,"寄语嫦娥"寄语     

中国返回式卫星与空间科学实验

中国返回式卫星发展至今已有30 多年, 共发射了23 颗返回式卫星. 在多次返回式卫星任务中成功进行了大量的空间科学和技术实验. 本文首先概要介绍了中国返回式卫星的发展情况、技术特点、在返回式卫星上进行的空间科学实验情况; 其次, 介绍了卫星平台对有效载荷可提供的环境条件、服务支持以及载荷设备研制与卫星技术流程之间的匹配关系和接口要求; 最后, 对卫星平台的技术发展趋势与应用前景进行了展望.      

嫦娥五号探路兵发射成功

<正>10月24日2时零分,执行中国探月工程三期再入返回飞行试验任务的嫦娥五号飞行试验器在西昌卫星发射中心成功发射。完成任务后,11月1日,试验器返回舱成功返回。本次任务还搭载发射了一颗卢森堡4M小卫星,主要验证卫星长效电池工作情况。     

嫦娥一号绕月 嫦娥邮品争艳

2007年10月24日18时05分,从中国西昌卫星发射中心传来喜讯——长征三号甲运载火箭将我国自行研制的第一颗月球探测卫星——嫦娥一号送入太空.11月26日,嫦娥一号卫星发回了第一幅月面照片,这标志我国首次探月工程圆满成功.     

新任务 新考验

<正>在嫦娥三号落月成功的喜悦与长征四号乙发射失利的遗憾中,中国航天告别2013年,迎来2014年。回首2013,中国航天取得的成就有目共睹:——载人航天工程再次奏凯。2013年6月11日,航天员聂海胜、张晓光、王亚平乘神舟十号飞船升空,执行我国第二次载人交会对接任务。其间,神舟十号与天宫一号组合体联合飞行12天,完成三次交会、两次对接、一次绕飞,王亚平进行了太空授课,在轨飞行15天后,三名航天员安全返回地面。这是神舟载人飞船首次执行应用任务,是神舟飞船从研制飞行试验型过渡到实用型的飞跃,标志着我国已经拥有了一个可以实际应用的天地往返运输系统。——探月工程又迈新步。肩负我国月球探测工程"绕"、"落"、"回"三步走中的第二步任务,2013年12月,嫦娥三号月球探测器成功着陆月球并开始执行科学探测任务。嫦娥三号任务攻克的关键技术多、技术跨度大、实施风险高,创造并实现中国航天史上的多个     

Progress in China's Lunar Exploration Program

Chang'E-1 and Chang'E-2 of China's Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) have successfully achieved their mission. At the present time, only Chang'E-3 is still in operation, which was successfully launched on December 2, 2013. Chang'E-3 probe is the third robotic lunar mission of CLEP, which consists of a lander and a rover, with eight payloads on board the spacecraft. Up to December 21, 2015, more than 2.86TB raw data were received from these instruments onboard Chang'E-3 probe. A series of research results have been achieved. This paper gives a detailed introduction to the new scientific results obtained from Chang'E-3 missions.      

月球表面巡视探测GNC技术

嫦娥三号巡视器是中国首个地外天体表面巡视探测器, 其制导、导航及控制 (GNC)技术与地球卫星等航天器完全不同. 探测器实现月表巡视探测需要在地 外天体表面确定自身位置、航向及姿态, 识别周围地形环境并寻找安全路径, 控制巡视器沿规划路径安全行驶等. 本文针对嫦娥三号巡视器月面巡视对GNC系统的 任务要求及工作性能, 对月面自主导航定姿定位、协调运动控制、环境感知、 路径规划、激光探测避障以及地面试验等重要技术环节进行了分析, 研究月面制 导、导航与控制特性并进行实验验证, 进而对巡视器GNC技术进行了模拟仿真.      

嫦娥四号任务科学目标和有效载荷配置

嫦娥四号探测器由中继星、着陆器和巡视器组成.其科学目标为:月基低频射电天文观测研究,月球背面巡视区浅层结构探测研究以及月球背面巡视区形貌与矿物组分探测研究.共配置6台有效载荷设备,其中3台载荷设备配置在着陆器上,分别为降落相机、地形地貌相机和低频射电谱仪,其余3台配置在巡视器上,分别为全景相机、测月雷达和红外成像光谱仪.本文主要论述了嫦娥四号任务的科学目标、着陆区概况、有效载荷配置及系统设计、各有效载荷任务和主要技术指标等.      

China's Lunar and Deep Space Exploration Program for the Next Decade (2020-2030)

China has carried out four unmanned missions to the Moon since it launched Chang'E-1, the first lunar orbiter in 2007. With the implementation of the Chang'E-5 mission this year, the three phases of the lunar exploration program, namely orbiting, landing and returning, have been completed. In the plan of follow-up unmanned lunar exploration missions, it is planned to establish an experimental lunar research station at the lunar south pole by 2030 through the implementation of several missions, laying a foundation for the establishment of practical lunar research station in the future. China successfully launched its first Mars probe on 23 July 2020, followed in future by an asteroid mission, second Mars mission, and a mission to explore Jupiter and its moons.      

基于嫦娥一号观测数据的月球形貌可视化技术

通过对月球形貌可视化技术的研究, 分析了利用嫦娥一号获取的月球地形和正射影像数据制作月球形貌图的技术方法. 重点介绍了广泛应用于嫦娥一号数据处理和分析的晕渲地形图制作、月球地形影像假彩色融合和三维形貌场景构建的原理, 并给出了每种方法的应用实例. 这些方法为后续月球探测研究、月球空间信息系统以及``数字月球'的建设奠定了基础.      

Overview of the Latest Scientific Results of China's Lunar Exploration Program

China's Chang'E-4 probe successfully landed on 3 January 2019 in Von Kármán crater within the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin on the lunar far side. Based on the data acquired by the scientific payloads onboard the lander and the rover, the researchers obtained the related information such as the geologic and tectonic setting of the landing area, compositional characteristics of the landing surface materials, dielectric permittivity and density of the lunar soil. The experiments confirmed the existence of materials dominated by olivine and low-calcium pyroxene in the SPA basin on the lunar far side, which preliminary revealed the geological evolution history of the SPA basin and even that of the early time lunar crust, as well as the tectonic setting and formation mechanism of the materials in the lunar interior. The researchers also inves-tigated the particle radiation, Linear Energy Transaction (LET) spectrum, and so forth on the lunar surface. The low-frequency radio observations were carried out on the lunar far side for the first time as well. This article summarizes the latest scientific results in the past years, focusing on the Chang'E-4 mission. Key words CLEP, Chang'E-4, Scientific objectives, Scientific payloads, Scientific results      

Chang'E-1 Lunar Mission:An Overview and Primary Science Results

Chang'E-1 is the first lunar mission in China, which was successfully launched on Oct. 24th, 2007. It was guided to crash on the Moon on March 1, 2009, at 52.36oE, 1.50oS, in the north of Mare Fecunditatis. The total mission lasted 495 days, exceeding the designed life-span about four months. 1.37 Terabytes raw data was received from Chang'E-1. It was then processed into 4 Terabytes science data at different levels. A series of science results have been achieved by analyzing and applicating these data, especially "global image of the Moon of China's first lunar exploration mission'. Four scientific goals of Chang'E-1 have been achieved. It provides abundant materials for the research of lunar sciences and cosmochemistry. Meanwhile these results will serve for China's future lunar missions.      

Scientific Progress in China's Lunar Exploration Program

Chang'E-1, the first lunar mission in China, was successfully launched on October 24,2007, which opened the prelude of China's Lunar Exploration Program. Later on, the Chang'E-2 and Chang'E-3 satellites were successfully launched in 2010 and 2013, respectively. In order to achieve the science objectives, various payloads boarded the spacecraft. The scientific data from these instruments were received by Beijing and Kunming ground stations simultaneously. Up to now, about 5.628 Terabytes of raw data were received totally. A series of research results has been achieved. This paper presents a brief introduction to the main scientific results and latest progress from Chang'E-3 mission.     

Technology Progress Report for Microwave Remote Sensing

In this presentation, technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is introduced. New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments for China's lunar exploration satellite (Chang'E-1), meteorological satellite FY-3 and ocean dynamic measurement satellite (HY-2) are reported.     

Introduction to the Payloads and the Initial Observation Results of Chang＇E-1

Chang'E-1,the orbiter circling the moon 200km above the moon surface,is the first Chinese Lunar exploration satellite.The satellite was successfully launched on 24th October 2007.There are 8 kinds of scientific payloads onboard,including the stereo camera,the laser altimeter,the Sagnac-based interferometer image spectrometer,the Gamma ray spectrometer,the X-ray spectrom-eter,the microwave radiometer,the high energy particle detector,the solar wind plasma detector and a supporting payload data management system.Chang'E-1 opened her eyes to look at the moon and took the first batch of lunar pictures after her stereo camera was switched on in 20th November 2007.Henceforth all the instruments are successfully switched on one by one.After a period of parameter adjustment and initial check out,all scientific instruments are now in their normal operating phase.In this paper,the payloads and the initial observation results are introduced.