Asymptotically decoupled discontinuous control of systems andnonlinear aircraft maneuver

The question of control of a class of nonlinear systems that can be decoupled by state-variable feedback is considered. Based on variable-structure system theory, a discontinuous control law is derived that accomplishes asymptotic decoupled output trajectory-following in the presence of uncertainty in the system. In the closed-loop system, the trajectories are attracted toward a chosen hypersurface in the state space and then slide along it. During the sliding phase the motion is insensitive to parameter variations. Based on this result, a control law for asymptotically decoupled control of roll angle, angle of attack, and sideslip in rapid, nonlinear maneuvers is derived. Simulation results are presented to show that large, simultaneous lateral and longitudinal maneuvers can be performed in spite of uncertainty in the stability derivatives     

Control of nearly singular decoupling systems and nonlinearaircraft maneuver

The author treats the question of control of a class of nonlinear systems using state variable feedback whose input/output map is nearly singular. Although the existing decoupling theory is applicable to such systems, this requires a large amount of control, which may not be permissible. A decoupling approach using state variable feedback in an approximate sense, but requiring a small control magnitude is considered. A decoupling scheme is presented that gives rise to a singularly perturbed system describing the fast dynamics of the control vector. The quasi-steady-state solution of the system gives a control law that decouples the system in an approximate way. The controller includes a servocompensator and a reference trajectory generator. Based on this result, a control law for approximate decoupling of roll angle, angle of attack, and sideslip in rapid, nonlinear airplane maneuvers is derived. Simulated responses of the closed-loop system show that large, simultaneous lateral and longitudinal maneuvers can be accurately performed in spite of uncertainty in stability derivatives     

基于超静定配平的机动载荷控制风洞试验

介绍了俯仰机动载荷减缓(MLA)在某运输类飞机缩比风洞试验模型上的应用,旨在通过风洞试验研究一种基于超静定配平原理的机动载荷控制方法。首先,对模型飞机纵向超静定配平方法进行了研究并从理论上揭示通过其减缓机动载荷的基本原理;然后,依据超静定配平原理设计了MLA控制律,通过反馈模型飞机等效过载驱动副翼偏转减小机翼载荷,同时偏转升降舵来保持飞机的俯仰机动性能;最后,依次实施了超静定配平试验,气动伺服弹性稳定性试验以及机动载荷减缓试验,分别用以确定MLA控制律参数,检查控制系统稳定性以及获取俯仰机动时的系统响应。试验结果表明:在MLA控制律作用下,机翼根部弯矩增量比MLA控制律关闭时减小了10%以上,而模型飞机的俯仰机动性能基本保持不变;MLA控制律的加入使控制增稳系统稳定性略有下降;通过超静定配平试验确定MLA控制参数的方法有效提升了MLA控制律设计可靠性,使翼根弯矩减缓量接近目标值。研究工作为运输类飞机的机动载荷控制设计与试验提供了一种可行途径。     

应用旋转矩阵的卫星姿态输出反馈机动控制

针对卫星姿态机动控制问题,提出一种只利用向量测量信息的无角速度反馈的输出反馈控制方法。卫星姿态的指向直接通过旋转矩阵进行描述,而不是先进行参数化过程,避免了由欧拉角、修正的罗德里格参数（MRPs）与四元数等姿态描述方式产生的奇异问题与退绕问题。首先,通过向量测量信息与一组期望姿态向量,引入一个新的姿态指向误差向量,并对其性质进行分析。其次,进一步结合主导滤波器的思想,设计了无需角速度信息的卫星姿态机动控制器,并应用Lyapunov理论,对闭环系统的全局稳定性进行了严格的证明。最后,对所提出的控制算法进行了数值仿真,其结果验证了所设计的输出反馈控制算法的可行性和有效性。     

Variable structure control and active vibration suppression of flexible spacecraft during attitude maneuver

This paper presents a new approach to vibration reduction of flexible spacecraft during attitude maneuver by using the theory of variable structure control (VSC) to design switching logic for thruster firing and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) as sensor and actuator for active vibration suppression. The spacecraft to be investigated is a hub with a cantilever flexible beam appendage, which can undergo a single axis rotation. The proposed control system includes the attitude controller acting on the rigid hub, designed by variable structure control technique, and the surface-bonded PZT patches for active vibration suppression of flexible appendages, designed by the positive position feedback (PPF) control technique. To avoid chattering, pulse-width pulse-frequency (PWPF) modulation is adopted for the thruster control, which makes the thrusters to be operated in a close to linear manner and also can suppress the relatively large amplitude vibrations excited by, for example, rapid maneuver. However, some residual micro-vibrations still exist due to the switching actions. Upon that, the technique of active vibration control using PZT is turned on to provide further vibration suppression of the residual micro-vibrations and fine tuning of the system performance. By combining the advantages of both these control strategies, an improved performance for vibration control in both the macro-and micro-senses can result. Both analytical and numerical results are presented to show the theoretical and practical merit of this approach.     

Multiple model predictive control of perching maneuver based on guardian maps

Considering the strong nonlinearity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) resulting from high Angle of Attack(AOA) and fast maneuvering, we present a multi-model predictive control strategy for UAV maneuvering, which has a small amount of online calculation. Firstly, we divide the maneuver envelope of UAV into several sub-regions on the basis of the gap metric theory. A novel algorithm is then developed to determine the ploytopic model for each sub-region.According to this, a Robust Model Predictive...     

基于扩张状态观测器的动态逆过失速机动飞行控制

针对飞机过失速机动飞行控制问题,提出了一种将动态逆与扩张状态观测器相结合进行扰动估计补偿的新思路。根据时标分离原则将飞机状态分为快变量和慢变量,并分别设计了两个回路的动态逆控制器。在快慢回路分别引入扩张状态观测器对系统的不确定部分进行估计补偿,抵消不确定部分对系统动态特性的影响。最后对控制律进行了过失速机动仿真。结果表明,在存在较大参数摄动情况下,设计的控制律能控制飞机跟踪控制指令,表现出良好的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

挠性卫星大角度机动的混合控制方法研究

对于具有不确定性的多输人多输出非线性系统,仅用v0线性化设计方法不能获得好的控制结果.为此,设计了自适应模糊控制器,把I/O线性化方法和自适应模糊控制相结合,构成混合控制器.并将此控制器引人到卫星大角度机动控制系统中,以补偿由系统的不确定性所造成的跟踪误差,从而增强I/O线性化控制器的鲁棒性,最终实现零误差跟踪.     

窄条翼导弹俯仰机动中滚转失稳及其控制过程

窄条翼布局导弹通常具有复杂的横向气动特性,在大迎角飞行及快速机动中很容易诱发出现滚转非指令偏离和连续振荡,可能导致飞行失控,影响落点精度。为了研究窄条翼导弹俯仰快速机动对滚转失稳的诱发过程及滚转失稳对俯仰机动控制效果的影响,并验证三通道解耦控制方法的有效性,针对典型俯仰机动过程,分别利用2.4 m跨声速风洞虚拟飞行试验平台和耦合气动/运动/控制的一体化数值计算方法开展了相关研究。结果表明,风洞试验和数值模拟均成功预测了俯仰拉起和保持过程中的滚转自激失稳运动及其引起的纵、横向耦合运动,针对该机动过程,三通道解耦控制方法能够有效抑制滚转运动,保持姿态稳定。     

Spacecraft attitude maneuver control using two parallel mounted 3-DOF spherical actuators

A parallel configuration using two 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) spherical electromag-netic momentum exchange actuators is investigated for large angle spacecraft attitude maneuvers. First, the full dynamic equations of motion for the spacecraft system are derived by the Newton-Euler method. To facilitate computation, virtual gimbal coordinate frames are established. Second, a nonlinear control law in terms of quaternions is developed via backstepping method. The pro-posed control law compensates the coupling torques arising from the spacecraft rotation, and is robust against the external disturbances. Then, the singularity problem is analyzed. To avoid sin-gularities, a modified weighed Moore-Pseudo inverse velocity steering law based on null motion is proposed. The weighted matrices are carefully designed to switch the actuators and redistribute the control torques. The null motion is used to reorient the rotor away from the tilt angle saturation state. Finally, numerical simulations of rest-to-rest maneuvers are performed to validate the effec-tiveness of the proposed method.     

飞机常规机动仿真的过载控制模型设计研究

在空战战术和战法研究中,通常以飞机机动过载大小和方向(法向过载、航迹滚转角和速度/发动机状态)为输入控制量,继而解算预期动作的飞机动力学参数.根据飞机的航迹特征和飞行员操纵习惯,考虑飞机性能的限制,对飞机实现盘旋、跃升、俯冲、加减速、筋斗、按航路点飞行等常规机动的控制律进行了设计.仿真结果表明,所设计的控制律可以满足常规机动的仿真要求,具有一定的实用价值.     

Air traffic control systems

The following topics are dealt with: ATC evolution; navigation and landing; navigation aids; surveillance and weather; automation systems     

高机动导弹气动／运动／控制耦合的风洞虚拟飞行试验技术

解决先进飞行器大迎角高机动飞行时的气动／运动非线性耦合问题,需要发展基于非线性理论的风洞试验技术,即风洞虚拟飞行试验技术。该试验能够实现较为逼真的模拟飞行器机动运动过程,气动和运动参数的实时同步测量,以及飞行控制律的集成验证与优化,从而达到探索气动／运动耦合特性和机理的目的。本文介绍了风洞虚拟飞行试验的模拟方法、关键技术及其解决措施,并针对典型导弹模型开展了虚拟飞行验证试验。试验结果表明：目前已经初步具备适用于导弹模型跨声速气动／运动／飞行控制一体化研究的风洞虚拟飞行试验能力。     

卫星姿态控制系统容错控制综述

主要针对卫星姿态系统容错控制研究领域已有的成果进行了回顾。总结了国内外卫星容错控制的现有成果,主要从卫星姿态控制系统的可重构性、单体卫星容错控制和卫星编队容错控制3个部分对相关的研究成果进行了归纳分析。其中,卫星姿态系统的可重构性从重构目标和系统功能要求两方面进行分析;对单体卫星容错控制现状的介绍主要从自适应技术、滑模理论、预设性能、干扰观测器、故障估计观测器几个方面展开;卫星编队容错控制方法从独立容错、协同容错、拓扑重构和组成重构的角度进行阐述。最后进行总结,并展望了卫星姿态控制系统容错控制领域未来可能出现的新问题和研究思路。     

导弹过载模型及控制器设计

将导弹的俯仰和偏航通道没计成耦合系统,滚转通道单独设计成稳定系统,以导弹的两个法向过载为状态变量,建立了导弹的非线性时变模型.在此基础上实现了反演控制器设计,并在控制量中引入了鲁棒控制项,改善了系统的控制效果.最后应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统是渐近稳定的.仿真结果说明了该设计方法的有效性和可行性.     

Parameterization and adaptive control of space robot systems

In space application, robot system are subject to unknown or unmodeled dynamics, for example, in the tasks of transporting an unknown payload or catching an unmodeled moving object. We discuss the parameterization problem in dynamic structure and adaptive control of a space robot system with an attitude-controlled base to which the robot is attached. We first derive the system kinematic and dynamic equations based on Lagrangian dynamics and the linear momentum conservation law. Based on the dynamic model developed, we discuss the problem of linear parameterization in term of dynamic parameters, and find that in joint space, the dynamics can be linearized by a set of combined dynamic parameters; however, in inertial space linear parameterization is impossible in general. Then we propose an adaptive control scheme in joint space, and present a simulation study to demonstrate its effectiveness and computational procedure. Because most takes are specified in inertial space instead of joint space, we discuss the issues associated to adaptive control in inertial space and identify two potential problem: unavailability of joint trajectory because the mapping from inertial space trajectory is dynamic-dependent and subject to uncertainty; and nonlinear parameterization in inertial space. We approach the problem by making use of the proposed joint space adaptive controller and updating the joint trajectory by the estimated dynamic parameters and given trajectory in inertial space     

Active damping control of vibrational systems

The problem of vibration suppression in large flexible space structure (LFSS) is investigated. Based on the structure property of LFSS, an active damping strategy is proposed to effectively attenuate the critical vibrations of the structure subject to modeling uncertainty and external disturbance. Control algorithms are derived with the aim of suppressing both the vibrating magnitude and vibrating rate to an acceptable level. It is shown that the strategy exhibits robust and adaptive properties and is truly model-independent. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in the fact that it is fairly easy to set up the strategy and the overall computation involved is much less than any other strategies available to date. A two-bay truss is used to verify the validity of the proposed approach     

Covariance control for multisensor systems

As the profusion of different sensors improves the capabilities of tracking platforms, tracking objectives can move from simply trying to achieve the most with a limited sensor suite to developing the ability to achieve more specific tracking goals, such as reducing the uncertainty in a target estimate enough to accurately fire a weapon at a target or to ensure that a mobile robot does not collide with an obstacle. Multisensor manager systems that balance tracking performance with system resources have traditionally been ill-suited for achieving such specific control objectives. This work extends the methods developed in single-sensor management schemes to a multisensor application using an approach known as covariance control, which selects sensor combinations based on the difference between the desired covariance matrix and that of the predicted covariance of each target.     

Future architecture of flight control systems

The development of fault tolerant embedded control systems such as flight control systems (FCS) are currently highly specialized and time-consuming. We introduce a conceptual architecture for the next decade control system where all control and logic are distributed to a number of computer nodes locally linked to actuators and connected via a communication network. In this way, we substantially reduce the life-cycle cost of embedded systems and attain scalable fault tolerance. All fault tolerance is based on redundancy. Our philosophy is to cover permanent faults with hardware replication and handle all error processing caused by both permanent and transient faults with software techniques. With intelligent nodes and use of inherent redundancy we introduce a robust and simple fault tolerant system that utilizes minimum hardware and has bandwidth requirements of less than 300 kbits/s, which can be met with an electrical bus. The study is based on an FCS for JAS 39 Gripen, a multi-role combat aircraft that is statically unstable at subsonic speed.     

解耦模糊控制方法及在飞控中的应用

以某型飞机为对象，控制飞机纵向定高恒速飞行。由于模型是非线性的，采用模糊控制，并具有两个输入两个输出系统的模糊控制方法进行研究，找出了解耦控制规律，并结合ＰＩＤ控制器综合构成了模糊ＰＩＤ控制器。仿真结果显示控制过程时间短、超调量小，振荡小，为飞行控制提供了一种新方法。