Working processes in the solid-propellant low-temperature aerosol generator with an inert heatexchanger

Alignment charts that make it possible to select a standard size of inert heatexchanger structures with specified output characteristics and a developed scheme of the low-temperature aerosol generator are presented.     

Detection and attribution of climate change, and understanding solar influence on climate

The detection of externally-forced climate change in observations, and its attribution to specific forcings, sounds simple enough to some people, but with others it has a reputation as a complex and arcane specialism. In fact, both these impressions have some truth - in principle it is no more than regressing expected patterns of climate change (normally obtained from GCM sim-ulations forced with observed or reconstructed past forcings) against the corresponding observa-tions, with uncertainty estimates that try to be as rigorous as possible, but there are many technical complexities. This survey begins with some motivating examples, and then summarizes the principles, problems and procedure without formal mathematics, before surveying results with an emphasis on possible solar effects, and why they are particularly problematic.     

Theory of electric field measurements conducted in the magnetosphere with electric probes

Conclusions From the preceding discussion of possible errors and from the probe dimensions given in Tables IV and V the conclusion can be drawn that there should be no great difficulties in making rough (10–20%) measurements of electric fields in the ionosphere. With moderate efforts (using metallized balloons) it should also be possible to obtain order of magnitude estimates of electric fields out to a distance of several earth radii.With large efforts it seems possible also in the future to measure electric fields along the magnetic field lines, but at present indirect methods may be more attractive.     

浅谈人才招留及管理

知识经济时代企业的发展主要依靠其所拥有和控制的人力资源，而其中的人才资源是经济发展的最主要资源。企业通过对人才的合理配置及适时激励，使人才资源最大程度地发挥作用，为企业创造更多的财富。     

Numerical simulation of nonstationary gasodynamic processes in a pulsejet engine

A method of numerical simulation of nonstationary gasodynamic processes in a pulsejet engine is proposed. The method makes it possible to provide a rather high precision for computational grids both with small and large cells. The calculation results showed a good agreement with the experimental data.     

State Estimation for Discrete Systems with Switching Parameters

The problem of state estimation for discrete systems with parameters which may be switching within a finite set of values is considered. In the general case it is shown that the optimal estimator requires a bank of elemental estimators with its number growing exponentially with time. For the Markov parameter case, it is found that the optimal estimator requires only N2 elemental estimators where N is the number of possible parameter values.     

Galileo: recent developments and preliminary conclusions on the strategic choices for Europe

Extensive contacts with our international partners have made it possible to narrow down our options considerably.     

Limits of flanging process feasibility to create thin-wall conical shells

In this paper, a process of flanging to create thin-walled axisymmetrical shells with the shape of truncated cone is analyzed. Also presented are some dependences that make it possible to determine the relative depth of a formed piece at the given piece-blank thickness ratio.     

Exact analytical solutions of a nonlinear nonstationary inverse problem of heat conduction for a body with low heat conduction coefficient

The analytical solution of a nonlinear nonstationary inverse problem of heat conduction for a bodies with low heat conduction coefficients of one-dimensional geometry is presented. The solutions obtained make it possible to restore the boundary conditions rather exactly using the results of heat flux measurements.     

TUBSAT-N,an ultra low cost global communication nanosatellite system

In the framework of the research project TUBSAT-N (Technical University of Berlin SATellite-Nano) it has been demonstrated that it is possible to achieve ultra low cost space access very quickly. TUBSAT-N and TUBSAT-N1 were launched as a satellite cluster in July 1998 with a convertible Russian military SS-23 SHTIL Rocket from a submarine. This project should prove that nanosatellite technology can be a good solution for a commercial ultra-low cost project.     

The interpretation of the XUV solar spectrum

This paper reviews (a) the earth's ionosphere, and (b) the solar atmosphere, in relation to the recent observations of solar XUV. The expected ionospheric characteristics are derived as directly as possible from the XUV observations and then compared with the well-known D-, E-, and F-layer formations. The comparison leads to (1) a high ionospheric recombination coefficient decreasing rapidly with height, (2) contributions to the E-layer from both UV and X-rays, and (3) very little difference in the solar cycle variations from the D-, E-, and F-layers although intensity variations are greater from high than low ions. The flux measurements of the identified XUV solar emission lines give information on the numbers of ions in the solar atmosphere. This makes it possible to derive (1) the amount of solar material in each temperature range, (2) the chemical abundances, and (3) the physical differences between quiet solar atmosphere, centres of activity, and flares. When the new dielectronic recombination coefficients are well investigated it should be possible to redetermine the distribution of solar material with temperature. The fitting of such results to chromospheric and coronal models provides many problems.     

机构动态演示的制作

使用Flash软件制作机构动态演示计算机辅助教学课件 ,并能够通过按钮指令控制机构运动。说明了如何将其插入到软件FrontPage中在网上发布 ,利用此方法 ,可以制作多种网上发布的课件。     

Fractal assessment of microaccelerations at weak damping of natural oscillation in spacecraft elastic elements. II

Making use of the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot fractal function, some problems connected with the adequate assessment of microaccelerations aboard a spacecraft are considered. The ranges of values for the function parameters that make it possible to simulate the quasi-static component of microaccelerations are also determined.     

二维非均匀超音来流下最有利压缩面型面的随机选取法数值研究

采用近年发展起来的随机选取法，研究非均匀二维超音来流流过６种不同形状的楔型压缩面时的波后非均匀超音流场。结果表明来流的非均匀性对下游流场具有重大影响，对６种不同形状楔型压缩面流场的计算表明，单纯用改变压缩面型面的办法难以减少来流的非均匀性，但是可以部分改善下游流场的非均匀程度，在研究的６种型面中，凹圆弧压缩面及等熵压缩面在本文限定的非均匀来流下，其性能优于其它４种型面的压缩面。     

马尔科夫链模型在空管自动化系统可靠性分析中的应用

空中交通管理的主要任务是保证航空器间隔,确保空中交通的安全高效运行。空管系统与旅客生命及航空公司的经济利益息息相关这种特殊性决定了系统必须有相当高的保障,须做到及早发现及早处理问题。目前,国内主要考虑软件对空管自动化系统的影响,采用模糊数学、灰色系统理论、加权算法等对其软件可靠性进行评估。为了做到及早发现及早处理问题,提出采用马尔科夫链模型对空管自动化系统软件s1,s2,s3三个状态进行预测和验证,取得了较好的结果。     

Synthesizing the control system of a small gliding unmanned aerial vehicle with high-aspect ratio wing

In this paper, we consider a problem of synthesizing the control system of a small gliding (unpowered) aerial vehicle (GAV) with a high-aspect ratio wing (?? ?? 10). This wing makes it possible to increase significantly the flight range and improve the maneuvering characteristics of the aerial vehicle itself.     

Residual stresses and endurance strength under tension-compression in the conditions of stress concentration

Residual stresses and endurance strength of specimens with stress concentrators are considered. The results obtained make it possible to predict the fatigue limit of strengthened parts with concentrators in the case of tension-compression.     

Radial equalization of turbine gas temperature

Based on the results of the gas temperature measurements in the turbine flow passage of a number of full-scale GTEs and GTPs, we obtained the magnitudes of coefficients that make it possible to refine with respect to radius the temperature profile at the blading inlet in the gasodynamic calculations.     

Comparison of signal estimation using calibrated and uncalibrated arrays

We consider the problem of separating and estimating the waveform of superimposed signals received by an array of sensors. If the array is well calibrated it is possible to first estimate the directions of arrival (DOA) of the signals and then use this information to separate the signals. When the array is not calibrated, but the array elements have the same unknown gain pattern, up to an unknown multiplicative factor and the phases of the elements are arbitrary and unknown, it is possible to estimate the array steering vectors and then use this information for signal estimation. We compare the quality of the estimated signals in the calibrated case with the quality of the estimated signals in the uncalibrated case, in terms of the output signal-to-interference ratio (SIRO) and output signal-to-noise ratio (SNRO).     

Multimodel eigenstructure assignment in flight-control design

This paper presents a control design approach based on eigenstructure assignment by dynamic feedback. The proposed method permits the designer to handle simultaneously robustness against real parameter variations (from a multimodel point of view) and the use of structured gain including, as a special case, scheduled gains. Furthermore, given a feedback gain, it is possible to re-design it by eigenstructure assignment by re-assigning its leading eigenstructure. This technique has two advantages. First, it can be viewed as an efficient controller order reduction, second, the design methodology can be initialized, for example, by H_∞- or μ-synthesis which makes it possible to combine the advantages of techniques of different natures. The proposed method alternates multimodel design and μ-analysis but apart from these natural iterations, only algebraic computation is involved.