地磁场模型简化计算方法

为了实现地磁导航在近地轨道卫星上的应用,需要解决传统的高斯球谐函数递推法在计算地磁场强度时存在方法复杂、计算量大、实时性难以保证等问题.针对上述问题,提出一种用地球磁场估计函数代替球谐函数的地磁场强度计算方法.该方法利用伪地心下的磁偶极子模型代替主磁场模型,通过多项式拟合离线得到高度范围内固定经纬度网格点的伪中心距系数,进而利用插值法和偶极子模型得到任意点的地磁场强度.仿真结果表明,轨道高度为300～500km,经纬度网格间隔为0.5°时,地球磁场估计函数法的导航精度与地球主磁场模型WMM精度一致的同时,降低了计算负担,提高了算法计算效率.      

卫星磁试验及磁试验设备

<正> 一、卫星磁试验的必要性(一)磁场对卫星工作的影响地球象一块大磁体,地球的磁场不但在地面上存在而且伸向空间,离地球越远地磁场强度越小,卫星在轨道运行期间。磁场对卫星会产生如下影响。1.地磁场对卫星姿态控制的影响卫星在轨道上,卫星的磁矩同地磁场相互作用会产生干扰力矩,影响卫星的姿态。磁干扰力矩表示为     

磁层顶对磁层磁场的影响

太阳风与地磁场相互作用形成的磁层顶对磁层内磁场有重要影响。本文假定地磁场为偶极子,太阳风为理想导体,在太阳风与磁层的边界上满足磁场法向分量为零的边界条件。采用最小二乘法求得磁层顶电流在磁层内产生的磁场的球谐系数。从计算结果可以看出磁层顶对磁层磁场的影响。结果表明,向阳面的磁场、中性点、极光区的位置与形状与实际观测比较接近;磁尾磁场与实际观测相差较远,原因是没有加上磁尾片电流。文中还给出了太阳风与地磁轴交不同角度时的磁层磁场的计算结果。      

磁屏蔽装置与磁场模拟器的耦合分析

地磁导航半实物仿真是地磁导航从理论走向工程应用的关键环节,而地磁场环境仿真技术是地磁导航由计算机仿真过渡到半实物仿真的桥梁。针对地磁场环境仿真系统中磁屏蔽装置与其内部磁场模拟器的耦合问题,采用仿真分析与实验验证相结合的方法,利用Ansoft Maxwell仿真软件设计仿真实验对二者的耦合关系进行了探索性研究,并基于小型地磁场环境仿真系统对仿真得到的结论进行了实验验证。仿真和实验结果均表明:磁场模拟器在大电流强磁场的工作情况下会对磁屏蔽装置造成严重的磁化,进而会影响其屏蔽效果;磁屏蔽装置不会影响磁场模拟器的线性度和均匀性,但是会增大轴线中心点附近的磁场值;磁屏蔽装置会使磁场模拟器的电感增大,从而使实时性变差。研究结论可以为地磁场环境仿真系统的设计提供理论依据。      

地磁场磁力线可视化种子点选取的磁场强度线积分等分算法

将磁力线按流线进行绘制是地磁场可视化的通用方法. 磁力线种子点的选取 决定了绘制磁力线的疏密, 其疏密程度能否真实反映地磁场强度分布是评价地 磁场可视化效果的关键. 基于磁经圈均匀角度种子点选取算法绘制 的磁力线通常不能客观反映地磁场强度的空间分布, 针对这一不足, 提出一种等分磁场强 度线积分的磁力线种子点选取算法. 利用该算法对地磁场IGRF模型和T96模型 描述的地磁内外源场进行可视化绘制, 对磁力线追踪结果中出现的冗余磁力线 进行过滤, 统计分析了绘制磁力线的空间分布与地磁场强度空间分布的相关性, 结果表明该算法能够较好地实现对地磁场的可视化.      

利用TIE-GCM模式计算电离层电流及夜间电离层磁场

电离层电流产生的磁场是地磁场卫星测绘时需要剔除的干扰源.利用电离层热层模式TIE-GCM计算电离层中的中性风、重力驱动和压强梯度等形成的电离层电流的全球分布,分析电流在特定位置产生的磁场及磁场三分量随纬度的变化规律.结果表明,E层尤其是磁赤道和极区的电流密度较大,可达103nA·m-2量级,F层电流密度量级约为10nA·m-2.在磁静日（Kp≤ 1）夜间22:00LT-04:00LT,电离层电流在中低纬度（南北纬50°之间）产生的磁场量级为几个nT,且磁场的南北向分量和径向分量基本大于东西向分量.通过与CHAMP卫星磁测数据分析比较,发现TIE-GCM模式计算电离层干扰磁场在中低纬度可以取得较好的结果,但在高纬度地区的效果不理想,还需进一步改进模式以提高计算精度.      

在地磁场中测定卫星磁矩方法的研究

本文给出了在地磁场中测量卫星磁矩的环境磁场作图法。通过采用原位和斜置(或倒置)的重复测量、对测量探头和参考探头的输出作差值处理、使探头沿地磁场东西取向和试验体转置90°以保持它与探头的相对高斯态不变等方法,较好地解决了在地磁场中磁测碰到的两个主要技术难题:分离永磁矩和感磁矩,有效地抑制地磁场的噪声。并由试验表明,对于磁矩在500mA-m2以上的卫星,由该法给出的测量相对误差不大于10%。      

地磁场模式对低纬哨声射线追迹计算的影响

考虑到低纬地磁场与偶极子磁场偏离较大, 本文用国际参考场(n=6)进行了低纬哨声射线追迹计算.结果表明, 在约9°N和12°N处有两个很窄的哨声波非导传播出口点, 相应射线起点都在雷电活动区.哨声波非导传播出口的截止纬度约在8—9°N处.计算结果也较满意地解释了低纬哨声色散值和f₀/F₂正相关的事实.      

国外磁力探测卫星的发展

<正>精确探测磁力场对军事战争,研究地磁场、太阳活动和电离层的相互作用,进一步了解空间环境,以及了解电离层活动对通信和导航卫星的干扰等都具有十分重要的意义。截至目前,国外相继发射了多颗磁力探测卫星,对地核场(主要磁场)、地壳场(异常场、磁异常)、电离层磁场和磁层磁场等地磁场的各个部分进行了全面探测,获取了距地表100km到数千千米范围内的地磁数据,进而建立了精确的全球地磁场模型,形成了卫星地磁学,将地磁学研究向前推进了一大步。     

中国及邻近地区地磁场垂直梯度的计算与研究

根据地磁场的球谐模型,推导出地磁场各个分量垂直梯度的球谐表达式.计算出中国及邻近地区高度为0km,50km和100km处的地磁场及其垂直梯度的网点值,编绘出地磁总强度、垂直强度、水平强度和磁偏角的垂直梯度等值线图.研究了地磁场垂直梯度在地面上以及随高度的变化规律.     

低高度内辐射带高能质子空间分布位形的研究

利用国际地磁参考场模式(IGRF模式)分析了1970-2000年低高度南大西洋负磁异常区位形的漂移与变化，给出了几个高度异常区中心位置磁场强度的变化和位置的变化。利用带电粒子的运动学方程，简要分析了低高度辐射带高能粒子的运动，得出在低高度，磁场是决定辐射带高能粒子空间强度与分布的决定性因素．低高度辐射带空间分布位形的变化特征应该与低高度南大西洋负磁异常区的变化特征基本一致．低高度南大西洋负磁异常区的特征可以作为低高度辐射带空间分布位形的一个初步判据。     

由电离层电位所建立的大气电状态

本文在已知电离层电位分布下, 解析地计算了大气电位, 电场和电流强度的全球分布.结果表明, 在大气导电率随高度呈指数增加的情况下, 100km高度上的电离层电位, 几乎无衰减地扫到25km以下.大气电场较强的区域主要在20km以下的低层大气区, 其垂直分量比水平分量大4个数量级.而中高层大气电场较弱, 且两分量量级相当.本文还提出了一种考虑地面形状对大气电场影响的解析方法.      

Regional VTEC modeling with multivariate adaptive regression splines

Different algorithms have been proposed for the modeling of the ionosphere. The most frequently used method is based on the spherical harmonic functions achieving successful results for global modeling but not for the local and regional applications due to the bounded spherical harmonic representation. Irregular data distribution and data gaps cause also difficulties in the global modeling of the ionosphere. In this paper we propose an efficient algorithm with Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) to represent a new non-parametric approach for regional spatio-temporal mapping of the ionospheric electron density using ground-based GPS observations. MARS can handle very large data sets of observations and is an adaptive and flexible method, which can be applied to both linear and non-linear problems. The basis functions are directly obtained from the observations and have space partitioning property resulting in an adaptive model. This property helps to avoid numerical problems and computational inefficiency caused by the number of coefficients, which has to be increased to detect the local variations of the ionosphere. Since the fitting procedure is additive it does not require gridding and is able to process large amounts of data with large gaps. Additionally the model complexity can be controlled by the user via limiting the maximal number of coefficients and the order of products of the basis functions. In this study the MARS algorithm is applied to real data sets over Europe for regional ionosphere modeling. The results are compared with the results of Bernese GPS Software over the same region.     

Variations of quasi-electrostatic fields and ionosphere potential above lightning discharge at equatorial latitudes

Lightning discharges by thunderstorms cause generation of electromagnetic pulses and of quasi-electrostatic fields (QESF) in the atmosphere above, which occur in different time-scales. QESF penetrate into the mesosphere and the lower ionosphere where they are big enough to generate considerable electric charge transfer there and, in some cases, to cause red sprites. These processes may have an important contribution to the global atmospheric electric circuit. Significant transient variations of the ionospheric potential above the thunderstorm take place as well. QESF depend on the atmospheric conductivity and in the ionosphere they are affected also by its anisotropy determined by geomagnetic field orientation. QESF after a lightning discharge are investigated theoretically in this work in the case of equatorial latitudes (by horizontal geomagnetic field), where thunderstorms are important contributors to the global circuit. Results for DC electric fields in the lower equatorial ionosphere above a thundercloud obtained by earlier models demonstrate some specific features of the spatial distribution of these fields, which appear due to geomagnetic field orientation. Thus, the electric fields can be shifted by tens or more kilometers to east of the cloud charge region; also their horizontal scale is much bigger than in the case of middle latitudes. Here, a presence of similar specific features of quasi-electrostatic field distributions and ionospheric potential variations caused by a lightning stroke is studied. A situation when no secondary ionization is generated is considered. A model based on the Maxwell equations for potential electric fields is proposed. Computations of QESF in the middle atmosphere and of the ionospheric potential variations are provided as dependent on conductivity and its anisotropy in D-region. The obtained results for the ionosphere show that the electric fields in the equatorial lower ionosphere are comparable to these formed in the case of middle latitudes. However, their horizontal scales are much bigger and depend on conductivity profiles. Similar features are valid also for the ionospheric potential variations and for their horizontal scales.     

Gravity field models from kinematic orbits of CHAMP,GRACE and GOCE satellites

The aim of our work is to generate Earth’s gravity field models from GPS positions of low Earth orbiters. Our inversion method is based on Newton’s second law, which relates the observed acceleration of the satellite with forces acting on it. The observed acceleration is obtained as numerical second derivative of kinematic positions. Observation equations are formulated using the gradient of the spherical harmonic expansion of the geopotential. Other forces are either modelled (lunisolar perturbations, tides) or provided by onboard measurements (nongravitational perturbations). From this linear regression model the geopotential harmonic coefficients are obtained.     

The impact of coronal mass ejection on the horizontal geomagnetic fields and the induced geoelectric fields

This work investigates the influence of coronal mass ejection (CME) on the time derivatives of horizontal geomagnetic and geoelectric fields, proxy parameters for identifying GICs. 16 events were identified for the year 2003 from the CORONAS-PHOTON spacecraft. Five of the events (May 29, June 9, October 28, October 29, and November 4) were extensively discussed over four magnetic observatories, were analyzed using the time derivatives of the horizontal geomagnetic (dH/dt) and geoelectric (E_H) fields obtained from data of the INTERMAGNET network. It was observed that energy distributions of the wavelet power spectrum of the horizontal geoelectric field are noticed at the nighttime on both 29 May and 9 June 2003 across the stations. Daytime and nighttime intensification of energy distribution of the wavelet power spectrum of the horizontal geoelectric field are observed on both 28 and 29 October 2003 due to strong westward electrojet. The 4 November 2003 event depicts daytime amplification of energy distributions of the wavelet power spectrum across the stations. The highest correlation magnitude is obtained in the event of 4 November 2003 between dH/dt and E_H relationships during the intense solar flare of class X 17.4. We observed that the correlation magnitude between dH/dt and E_H increases with increase in CME activity. We concluded that the response of the surface impedance model for different stations plays a key role in determining the surface electric field strength, due to large electric field changes at different stations.     

基于稀疏地磁数据的中低纬度磁暴感应地电场的算法研究

强磁暴产生的地磁感应电流是诱发电力系统灾害性事故的关键因素,预防与控制地磁感应电流的必要途径是评估其在系统中的水平.掌握磁暴感应地电场的时空分布是评估所在区域电网地磁感应电流的基础,可为研究与防治电网磁暴灾害提供参考.在中国现有稀疏分布的地磁台观测数据基础上,建立了电离层等效球面元电流系统模型,并将其与复镜像法结合,建立了磁暴感应地电场和地磁场的计算模型.利用磁暴期间实测的地磁台站数据进行了计算,算例结果与平面波理论计算结果的对比证明了算法的正确性与有效性.计算结果可直接应用于电力系统的地磁感应电流计算,为分析电力系统磁暴灾害风险提供参考.