基于主元分析的微小型飞行器视觉导航

作为一种新兴的无人机,微小型飞行器(MAV)近年来广受关注。研究微小型飞行器导航技术的关键是研究视觉导航技术在微小型飞行器中的应用。针对微小型飞行器视觉导航中的运算量大而导致算法实时性差的问题,给出了一个新的计算框架。利用主元分析技术(PCA),在最小方差意义下得到了图像的简化表示。在此简化的基础上,进行了图像特征的提取。对真实图像的实验结果表明,利用主元分析处理后的图像进行导航特征的提取,其实时性优于RGB三通道求和取平均的方法。     

复杂环境下微小飞行器惯性/激光雷达Robust-SLAM方法

针对微小型飞行器在巡检、探测和地图构建等应用中关键的自主导航技术,提出了一种基于惯性辅助的激光雷达Robust-SLAM方法用于微小型飞行器自主导航。相对于传统的激光雷达SLAM方法,该方法在SLAM框架中引入了感知环境突变检测方法,并且加强了惯性与SLAM的组合程度,有效地解决了高程方向感知环境发生突变时激光雷达SLAM定位误差大的问题。室内车库实际飞行实验结果表明,该方法能够实现微小型飞行器在三维空间中实时可靠的自主导航,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

微小型飞行器惯性组合姿态确定与航路导航研究

构建了微小型飞行器(MAV)导航、制导与控制(GNC)系统。研究了微惯性导航测量单元零偏的温度建模及非正交误差的多位置标定补偿方法,提出微小型飞行器导航、制导与控制系统闭环条件下,利用导航、制导与控制回路的飞行状态特征信息的微惯性组合导航系统滤波算法,根据微小型飞行器飞行状态实时调整卡尔曼滤波器的观测噪声方差,有效提高了动态过程中姿态测量精度和微小型飞行器的飞行平稳度。完成了组合导航系统滤波算法验证飞行试验及自主姿态稳定和航路飞行试验。飞行试验表明:微小型飞行器实现了自主姿态稳定与长距离超视距航路点导航飞行,航路点导航误差小于30 m,惯性组合姿态确定与航路导航系统及算法满足微小型飞行器自主飞行对导航系统的需求。     

一种基于类间方差的地平线检测算法

 针对视觉导航中用于微型飞行器（MAV）稳定飞行控制的地平线提取问题,提出一种基于类间方差的地平线检测算法。该算法使用角度和距离两个变量进行图像中直线的穷举,选取像素的蓝色分量作为区分天地的特征,利用类间方差构造判别准则进行直线的最优选择,从而实现地平线的检测。实验结果表明：与基于色彩协方差矩阵的地平线检测算法相比,本文算法对地平线检测的平均角度误差减少1°,距离误差减少3个像素,角度和距离参数的检测正确率分别提高1.98%和4.95%,且具有良好的速度特性。     

一种着陆视觉导航P3P问题的解法

P3P问题是机器视觉领域的经典问题,其多解的排除与唯一解的确定是研究热点。针对飞行器着陆过程中机载视觉设备跑道成像的特点,提出了一种着陆视觉导航P3P问题唯一解的求解方法。该方法首先通过机场跑道的3条边线计算相对姿态,再根据直线方程求解相对位置,最终完成飞行器与跑道之间6个自由度参数的唯一确定。     

微型飞行器控制与导航系统研究

在介绍了微型飞行器的概念及其功能特点的基础上,探讨了固定翼微型飞行器控制与导航系统的结构。针对我校研制的固定翼微小型飞行器,提出了一种控制与导航系统方案。最后,指出了微型飞行器控制与导航所面临的主要技术问题及其解决思路。     

参考地物的飞航导弹视觉辅助导航

文章归纳了近年来参考地物的单个飞行器视觉辅助导航的研究现状,系统分析了各种方法的特点.针对多导弹编队飞行的情形,总结了基于视觉辅助多成员协同导航的研究概况.在此基础上,对比给出了飞航导弹视觉辅助导航存在的主要难题和可能解决的途径,为参考地物的飞航导弹视觉辅助导航研究提供了参考.     

一种复杂环境下的前视机场跑道识别方法

根据复杂环境机场跑道的视觉特点,提出了利用自适应阈值分割和局部Hough变换相结合的识别方法.利用跑道主要视觉特征提取兴趣区域,缩小处理范围.提取兴趣区域的轮廓后,针对传统Hough变换不能确定直线端点、会出现虚假直线和计算复杂度大的缺点,采用局部Hough变换检测跑道边界.试验结果表明,算法对于复杂环境的机场跑道具有较高的准确性和实时性.     

一种新型微旋翼飞行器的设计与控制

简要介绍了一种新型的四旋翼微飞行器的设计方法和整体结构,在此基础上针对此型微飞行器提出了一种新的通过调节电机转速来控制飞行器飞行姿态的控制方法,并设计、制造了飞行器的遥控控制系统.试验表明,此控制方法具有原理简单、易于实现、重量较轻、复杂度较低的优点,有较好的经济性和实用性.     

基于导航卫星反射信号的空间飞行器探测定位方法

导航卫星信号经由空间飞行器后将发生反射与散射,此信号对于飞行器自身的定位通常作为多径信号被消除。利用双基无源雷达的概念,提出利用该信号实现空间飞行器的远程定位方法。该方法充分利用空间飞行器对于导航卫星信号的反射与散射,在地面/空中设置可以接收此反射信号的接收机,从而实现飞行器的探测。接收机利用码延迟锁定环路实现直射信号与反射信号的锁定,并通过求解直射信号与反射信号的相关功率获得其路径差,进而计算出空间飞行器的位置。介绍了利用延迟映射接收机(DMR)探测空间飞行器的系统组成,并给出了远程定位的数学模型、关键技术分析、DMR的设计原理及验证实验,实验结果表明所设计的DMR可以有效地接收到导航卫星反射信号。为空间飞行器的探测提供了一种新型的手段。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.