基于模型检查的民用飞机飞控系统安全性评估

在以大型民机为代表的安全关键系统研制中,系统复杂度的提升极大地降低了依赖设计人员经验的传统安全性评估手段的效率与有效性,并带来了反复迭代困难等问题,基于模型的安全性评估方法(MBSA)能够显著降低研制过程的分析复杂度,提高安全性评估的工作效率。民机系统安全性评估指南ARP 4761A中也增加了MBSA相关的安全性评估工作。阐述了利用有限状态机与时态逻辑构建形式化安全性模型,开展安全性评估的基本原理,详细的分析过程及定义安全属性的方法,并以某民用飞机为对象,建立飞控系统副翼控制功能的SMV形式化模型,定义了副翼控制功能的形式化安全性需求,给出了基于形式模型的安全性属性验证评估案例,证明了基于形式化方法的安全性评估在民机系统安全性工作中的可行性。     

基于系统安全理论的适航安全性评估研究

以美国联邦航空条例(FAR)和中国民用航空规章(CCAR)为基础,围绕民机适航审定工作中的系统安全性评估流程和方法进行了探索和研究.首先,分析功能危险评估、初级系统安全性评估、系统安全性评估在系统安全性分析中所处的阶段和所起的作用,并探讨故障模式及其影响分析、故障树分析和共因分析等分析方法在适航性安全性评估中的应用.其次,以飞机系统框图为依据,分析系统发生故障可能造成的影响,并举例分析飞机系统中的部分单元的系统安全评估过程.通过研究系统安全理论在适航性安全性评估中的应用,为在航空器适航认证中进行安全性评估或验证提供了理论和方法支持,并有效说明了系统安全分析方法在航空器适航安全性评估中的良好适用性.     

一种半实物仿真试验软件安全性评估方法

针对机载软件在多因素耦合复杂飞行情形下的安全性评估与开发安全控制,提出一种基于半实物仿真试验的软件安全性评估方法。介绍了采用飞行模拟器试验对软件安全性进行评估的思想;设计了实施该方法的操作流程;建立了试验平台中仿真系统主要的数学模型;借鉴生物学理论,分析了软件缺陷诱发飞机飞行危险的机理;最后,运用该方法对增稳系统嵌入式软件安全性进行了评估,验证了该方法运用于工程实践的可行性。利用该方法能够减少潜在的机载软件缺陷,降低复杂情形下软件诱发飞机功能危险的概率,提高机载软件安全性。     

运输类飞机包含EWIS的区域安全性分析研究

为了解决运输类飞机EWIS设计过程中的安全性评估问题,针对包含EWIS的区域,提出了一种区域安全性分析方法。在对ARP4761标准的区域安全性分析和AC25-27的强化区域分析流程的基础上,考虑EWIS物理失效模式及失效对EWIS自身和区域内系统/设备的影响,给出了分析流程,为EWIS满足适航要求的设计提供技术参考。     

民机系统发动机转子爆破特定风险分析方法

基于美国联邦航空局咨询通告给出的发动机非包容转子爆破特定风险安全性评估指南,提出了一种简单易用的发动机非包容转子爆破安全性分析方法。建立了简化的转子碎片碰撞角度计算模型,以确定受转子碎片影响的系统部件;改进了失效部件组合检查单,提高分析工作效率,并确定转子碎片对系统的安全性影响。相比于传统分析方法,简化了转子爆破风险安全性分析过程,减少了分析工作量,适用于飞机系统研制初期对转子爆破风险的危害性进行保守性评估,以指导系统架构优化设计。     

基于模型的航空发动机系统安全性研究

在分析概括传统系统安全性分析的基础上,提出了一种基于模型的航空发动机系统安全性评估流程和分析方法,其从航空发动机系统自身特点出发,统一安全性分析和发动机性能设计模型,实现安全性设计和性能设计之间的平衡交互,以保证安全性分析结果的一致性、完整性和客观性.经概括,该流程方法所需突破 的3个关键技术有:①失效模式的描述方法;②关键影响因素的分级和定位方法;③安全性分析验证方法.      

综合火/飞/推控制系统复杂任务的STAMP建模和STPA分析

随着系统复杂性的日益增高,人为操作失误引起的系统任务失败呈增加的态势,传统的FTA、FMEA等基于线性事件链模型的分析方法已不能满足分析人为操作不当导致的系统危险,采用基于系统理论的过程分析方法,对作战飞机综合火/飞/推控制(IFFPC)系统中人为操作不当引起的潜在危险进行安全性分析.首先建立作战飞机IFFPC系统的STAMP模型,进而生成作战飞机IFFPC系统的STPA分析模型,最后根据提出的五类引起任务失败的原因因素,详细地进行作战飞机IFFPC系统不安全控制作用(UCA)的因素识别.结果表明:所采用的基于系统理论过程的分析方法弥补了传统安全性分析方法存在的缺陷,有效地解决了传统的FTA、FMEA等安全性分析方法不能很好地解决人为危险因素的问题,为含有人工控制器的复杂系统的安全性分析提供了一种新的思路.     

基于NuSMV的系统安全性分析平台开发和应用

传统的安全性分析方法,受到分析人员自身技能和经验等因素的影响,容易疏漏系统的失效状态或误判失效的影响。模型检验使用严格的数学方法推理,能够验证产品的规范或设计是否符合要求。将模型检验引入飞机系统安全性分析中,基于模型检验工具NuSMV建立安全分析平台,并以＋5V电源监控系统为例,对其安全性进行了分析。     

民用飞机照明系统安全性分析

民用飞机照明系统是飞机系统中一个重要的分支系统,不仅对飞机的安全、飞机性能的充分发挥、机组人员的工作效能起着重要的作用,而且对于旅客来说是评价飞机先进性和舒适性的一个不容忽视的重要组成部分。 民用飞机照明系统通常由驾驶舱照明、客舱照明、货舱与服务区照明、外部照明及应急照明五个功能独立的部分组成。 在照明系统研制过程中,为验证系统对 CCAR25. 1309 条款的符合性,通常遵循 SAE ARP 4761 提出的安全性评估工作方法。 基于安全性评估工作方法, 以照明系统为对象,在设计阶段,通过初步安全性分析确定了系统安全性设计目标、提出了系统架构,在验证阶段,通过运用多种工具对提出的安全性目标进行验证。 此外,探讨了整个系统研制过程中的安全性分析工作的具体方法,为民用飞机安全性分析提供借鉴。     

基于Simscape模型的航空发动机系统安全性分析方法

针对航空发动机系统安全性分析中的耦合情况,研究基于Simscape模型的航空发动机耦合故障建模和安全性分析问题。在基于模型的安全性分析(MBSA)故障拓展一般特点的基础上,分析了Simscape环境下进行故障外部拓展和建模语言内部故障拓展两种方式,以建立耦合故障模型。以全权限数字式发动机控制(FADEC)主燃油控制子系统为研究示例,进行独立和耦合故障形式化系统安全性分析。结果表明:航空发动机系统安全分析Simscape模型基于系统设计环境,可直接成为系统设计和安全性分析共同的工具,便于保证设计和安全性分析的一致性;该模型拓展方法和建模语言,从故障数学原理出发,对实际系统不同物理域的组件独立和耦合故障特性具有灵活和定量描述能力;由此拓展的故障模型下的安全性分析具有形式化、直观性和客观性的优势。      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.