TC6钛合金的微动疲劳特性研究

钛及铁合金广泛用于燃气涡轮发动机及飞机结构。尽管这类合金在性能上有诸多优点,但其疲劳寿命对材料表面状态,特别是微动损伤极为敏感。为深入认识这一现象的成因,本文研究了TC6钛合金在室温下的微动疲劳特性。试验结果表明,和非微动疲劳相比,微动疲劳强度下降60％,这主要归因于接触面磨损造成的微动损伤,促使疲劳裂纹萌生和早期断裂。     

钛合金TB6铣削加工硬化实验

研究了使用涂层硬质合金刀具对钛合金TB6进行端铣加工时,铣削参数以及刀具后刀面磨损量对加工硬化（表面硬化率、硬化层深度以及硬化层硬度分布）的影响,以弄清TB6铣削硬化现象及机理.结果表明,在实验参数范围内,刀具无磨损的情况下,硬化率基本保持在107%~112%范围内,硬化层深度范围为18~36 μm;铣削速度增加时,加工硬化程度会有较为明显的降低现象,而进给量与切深对加工硬化的影响并不明显;刀具磨损对加工硬化的影响较为显著,后刀面磨损量低于0.2 mm时,硬化层深度随着磨损增加从30 μm增加至55 μm,而后刀面磨损量为0.35 mm时,硬化层深度达到了130 μm.刀具磨损后在加工表面下较浅位置出现软化区域,而且随着磨损量的增加,软化越来越明显.      

高强钛合金中的微动损伤与疲劳

本文对高强钛合金Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al在不同温度下的微动损伤和疲劳特性进行了研究。试验结果表明,该合金对微动损伤十分敏感,常温疲劳强度下降达50％。微动损伤的主要机制是疲劳脱层,这是由作用在材料次表层的交变切应力引起的,它将导致疲劳裂纹的萌生和早期断裂。疲劳裂纹的扩展方向可根据接触应力分析得到解释。在较高试验温度下,由于接触面形成的氧化层的保护作用,微动损伤程度减弱。     

高温合金微量润滑振动钻削温度与刀具磨损

为了解决高温合金钻削温度高、刀具磨损快的问题,采用微量润滑的振动钻削加工方法,从换热机制角度对振动钻削的降温机理进行分析,并进行振动钻削和普通钻削对比实验.结果表明:微量润滑普通钻削的最高测量温度达到了110℃且温度随钻削深度、钻孔个数的增加而升高,而振动钻削的测量温度为55℃左右且随削深度、钻孔个数的增加增长缓慢;普通钻削刀具磨损量达到0.5 mm且随钻孔个数的增加磨损加剧,振动钻削刀具磨损量只有0.22 mm且磨损量增加缓慢.     

叶冠涂层材料接触刚度和微动磨损实验

采用能够测量由接触表面微动所导致迟滞现象的实验装置,对带有涂层材料的不同接触方式的实验件进行了接触刚度和微动磨损测试.通过接触刚度测试,研究了激振力幅值、激振频率和接触正压力对接触刚度的影响;通过微动磨损分析,研究接触方式和载荷条件接触表面形态的改变,以及工作时间对接触刚度的影响.通过分析和总结实验结果,阐述了干摩擦阻尼结构微动磨损的防护措施,为提高航空发动机结构部件的可靠性提供一定的理论依据和技术支持.     

飞机舱门泄压阀机构磨损可靠性与灵敏度分析

泄压阀机构是飞机舱门的重要组成部分，对维持飞机正常安全运行起到重要作用。在ADAMS软件中建立了飞机舱门泄压阀机构多体动力学仿真模型，研究销轴发生以磨损为主要形式的性能退化时，对泄压阀机构定位精度的影响。建立了泄压阀机构定位精度的功能函数，引入主动学习Kriging代理模型，挑选符合学习准则的点提高代理模型精度。采用Monte Carlo方法计算了不同磨损次数下泄压阀机构的失效概率与3种全局灵敏度指标的变化规律，并给出了不同阈值情况下失效概率和基于失效概率的全局灵敏度指标的变化规律。结果表明:在不同磨损次数下，对于磨损量较大的销轴，其全局灵敏度指标值也较大，并且各项指标随磨损次数的变化规律存在差异。      

轴向柱塞泵/滑靴副润滑磨损的影响因素分析

斜盘-滑靴副(滑靴副)的磨损会导致泵泄漏增加、效率降低,进而影响寿命.提出了一种基于弹性流体动力润滑(EHL,Elasto Hydrodynamic Lubrication)磨损模型的轴向柱塞泵滑靴副加速寿命试验方法.该方法以滑靴副的油膜分析结果为基础,综合考虑工况参数(温度/转速/压力)对滑靴副磨损的影响,揭示了影响滑靴副磨损过程的内在因素.研究以某型轴向柱塞泵为对象,首先基于提出方法,对2组不同工况下的滑靴副磨损量进行了分析,并将分析结果与长周期的磨损试验结果进行了对比,验证了磨损量分析结果的准确性,也表明本文提出的方法与模型具有可用性.然后,基于本文提出方法和磨损分析模型,对比分析了介质温度(黏度)、输出压力、转速与滑靴副磨损率的相对关系.最后,探讨了柱塞泵的磨损加速寿命试验的加速手段,以及工况对于加速比率的影响.研究结果能够用于制定柱塞泵加速磨损试验的载荷谱,以及为降低泵磨损为目的的设计优化.      

空间扫描

德尔他－2成功发射卫星 2003年1月12日，波音公司的德尔他－2火箭成功将美国的ICESat和CHIPSat送入预定轨道。1月29日，该火箭又为美国空军发射了GPS 2R－8导航卫星。德尔他－2火箭使用的是为德尔他－3火箭设计的9个固体火箭发动机，使其运载能力增加了25%。 美国大力神－2火箭成功发射升空 1月6日晚，美国洛马公司研制的大力神－2 (Titan－2) 火箭成功发射，将其携带的1颗军事科学卫星Coriolis送入预定轨道。据悉，该卫星主要用于收集海洋上的风速及风向数据，并提高美国海军的天气预报能力。 阿里安－4火箭光荣退役 格林威治时间…     

海尔—波谱彗星离子尾的间断和波动

给出海尔－波普彗星近日点附近大尺度观测的结果，提出：１９９７年２月１６，１７和１８日海尔－波普彗星等离子尾部分有断尾事件发生。观测时刻的离子尾内物质运动速度约为５０ｋｍ／ｓ；离子尾射线向主层主轴的并扰速度约为０．０８０’／ｓ。１９９７年３月３日海尔－波普彗星离子尾有波动现象发生。波动发生在距离彗星密度中心约１３０＊１０＾４ｋｍ，偏离主轴３０°处，振幅约２０＊１０＾４ｋｍ，其离子束宽度为８＊１０＾４     

人—机—环境系统设计中人的性能研究

为了提高人－机－环境系统的性能特性，目前发展了以人为核心的人－机－环境系统设计思想，本文结合该设计思想，进一步分析了人－机－环境系统中人的性能研究的主要方面，提出了多因素耦合作用下人机特性模型将成为今后的主要研究方向。     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。