高超声速风洞变雷诺数试验技术研究

为满足高超声速飞行器气动力雷诺数效应研究需求,在CARDC的Φ1米高超声速风洞中开展了变雷诺数试验技术研究.该项试验技术是利用Φ1米高超声速风洞采用高压下吹-真空抽吸驱动运行方式、风洞运行参数范围宽的特点,通过宽范围内调节风洞运行总压而大幅改变模拟雷诺数.研究采用了单点变雷诺数试验技术和连续变雷诺数试验技术两种手段来开展高超声速飞行器气动力雷诺数效应模拟.单点变雷诺数试验是通过一系列不同雷诺数条件、不同试验车次的试验结果,获得气动特性随雷诺数的变化规律;连续变雷诺数试验时,控制风洞总压从高到低连续变化,测量获取模型处于某一姿态角条件时气动力随雷诺数的变化规律.本文介绍了变雷诺数试验的风洞开车方式、试验及数据处理方法等,并开展了某升力体飞行器和某弹头模型雷诺数效应试验研究.研究结果表明:采用单点和连续变雷诺数试验技术相结合的方式,能较为完整、准确地获得飞行器模型气动力随雷诺数的变化规律.     

升力体飞行器尾喷流模拟气动力试验方法研究

尾喷流对升力体高超声速飞行器的气动特性影响显著,风洞喷流模拟测力试验是研究升力体飞行器尾喷流干扰效应的重要手段。在尾喷流模拟气动力试验中,选取恰当的喷流模拟参数,以及克服喷流供气管路对天平测力的干扰以提高测量精准度,是需要解决的关键技术。在 CARDC 的Ф1米高超声速风洞中,研究了采用冷喷流模拟、飞行器整体模型测力的升力体飞行器尾喷流模拟测力试验方法。通过优化模型结构设计、选用小干扰的喷管分断缝隙密封措施,解决了带尾喷流模拟条件下的升力体飞行器气动力精确测量问题,提高了带喷流气动力试验数据精度,接近常规气动力试验的水平。     

临近空间高速飞行器微量气动力试验及计算

针对临近空间大气环境微量气动力风洞试验准确测量需求，研制了微量天平测力系统，实现了微量天平的结构设计和静态校准。采用钝锥简单外形进行试验验证，并对三角翼升力体复杂外形做了探索，结果表明：钝锥外形验证试验中，3次试验时天平各载荷单元的气动数据重复性精度均优于4.8%；探索试验中，三角翼升力体外形采用该风洞目前能达到最低密度状态，试验结果表明：该微量测力天平在极限状态下表现较好。在此基础上，利用数值计算方法对上述外形进行模拟，并将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比，表明数值计算得到的钝锥和三角翼升力体的气动力均与微量天平测力结果吻合较好；对于简单钝锥外形，在其试验条件下，钝锥表面压阻远高于摩阻；对于三角翼升力体外形，其试验条件下环境大气更加稀薄，三角翼表面摩阻占比与压阻相当。     

基于张线尾撑的进气道低速风洞试验技术研究

为了在φ3.2m风洞中开展战斗机大迎角进气道特性试验研究,结合该风洞开口试验段及支撑装置的特点,研制了能够模拟战斗机进气道流量的小型引射器装置,发展了基于引射器/张线尾撑一体化设计的战斗机大迎角进气道试验技术。为了验证该项试验技术,研制了进气道流量测量装置,以及基于数字阀的气源控制系统;进行了装置性能研究,并利用某战斗机模型开展了飞机鸭翼对进气道性能的影响试验研究。研究结果表明：引射器引射流量达1.34kg/s,引射器/张线尾撑一体化方案可完全满足我国已有战斗机在3m量级风洞开展进气道试验的流量模拟及开展大迎角试验研究的需求;鸭翼对战斗机进气道性能影响研究为进气道试验模型外形模拟提供了依据。     

机体对超音速进气道性能的影响

提供的结果来自飞机进气道的设计和性能研究,分析所用的数据来源于进气道模型风洞实验和CFD数值模拟。通过对进气道在机身两侧、翼下、机身下等布局的进气道性能对比,评估了机体对进气道的干扰影响。借助于数值模拟技术,得出进气道进口前流场特性。通过对进气道出口总压的测量和进气道进口波系及喉道处流动的数值模拟计算,归纳出进气道出口平均总压恢复系数和图谱的趋势。     

亚声速进气道设计敏感参数仿真分析

对不同气动布局的两种亚声速进气道建模,并针对两种进气道的敏感参数进行分析。通过对背部双发布局飞机进气道的隔道高度和喉道设计马赫数参数的研究可知,隔道高度增大或者喉道设计马赫数减小,使得进气道出口总压恢复系数增大,增量约0.5%。而对背部单发复杂形状进口(M型进口)布局飞机进气道的喉道形状研究显示,喉道形状越接近进口形状,进气道性能越好,较其他喉道形状进气道,M型喉道进气道出口总压恢复系数最高,最大增量约为1.5%。     

CHN-T1标模2.4米风洞气动特性试验研究

大飞机标模可用来校验风洞流场品质,检验和提高大型飞机风洞试验数据质量,标模的外形特点及其气动特性能否反应现代大飞机设计特点尤为重要。气动中心前期已完成了一套大展弦比飞机标模CHN-T1的设计研制,为了验证设计结果,在2.4米跨声速风洞中进行了一期验证试验,试验Ma数范围0.40～0.90,模型名义迎角-6°～15°,侧滑角-3°～12°,雷诺数Re=(3.3～7.5)×10~6。试验内容包括纵横航向基本特性试验、重复性精度试验、变雷诺数试验、转捩对比试验、流谱观察试验和变形测量试验。结果表明,该飞机外形具有良好的升阻特性,符合现代大展弦比飞机的典型气动特征,可用于2.4m跨声速风洞大型飞机标模试验数据体系建设。     

双喉道喷管与飞翼布局无人机气动数值研究

利用超椭圆方法,设计了双喉道射流矢量喷管的气动外形,并采用S-A湍流模型数值研究了次主流压比、次流方向及喷管外形参数对其气动特性的影响。研究表明,当确定次主流压比SPR=3时,可依次确定该型喷管外形参数分别为空腔长度l=3h,空腔扩张角θ1=10°,空腔收敛角θ2=30°,二次流注入角α=120°时,矢量喷管的气动特性最优。将设计的气动最优喷管与飞翼布局无人机后体进行一体化设计,数值模拟了喷管对飞翼布局无人机升阻特性的影响,结果表明,双喉道射流矢量喷管能够很好地运用于飞翼布局无人机。     

新概念融合升力体气动布局设计优化方法研究

参考国内外高升阻比飞行器气动布局设计经验,针对进出空间飞行器的气动特性要求,开展跨速域高升阻比融合升力体气动布局(BLB)研究以适应进出空间飞行器的各种要求,在传统的翼/身外形的气动效率与纯升力体高容量效率之间寻求平衡。研究表明通过构建融合升力体数模,研究气动外形的系统参数化描述方法,选择设计变量及变化范围,研究优化算法,建立融合升力体气动布局设计及优化工具,开展融合升力体气动外形优化设计是一种值得深入探讨的研究方法。本文主要通过优化平台集成数模参数化程序、网格自动化及基于Euler方程的快速流场求解程序进行优化设计并对优化结果进行分析计算,发展了一种快速有效的气动布局优化设计方法,设计了初步满足设计要求的新型高升阻比融合升力体气动布局。设计的新布局能为再入飞行器气动布局设计提供参考,所发展的优化设计方法计算速度快,成本低,可以为走向工程实用化的复杂外形气动布局优化设计打下技术基础。     

一种临近空间升浮一体飞行器气动布局设计研究

应用理论方法和数值模拟方法开展升浮一体太阳能无人机气动布局设计研究,通过优化选形设计获得高升阻比气动布局,对比两种方法的计算结果以及分析存在差别的原因;应用张线天平支撑风洞试验测试技术,对设计布局开展实验验证研究,建立大展弦比的双机身气动布局风洞试验测试方法,分析了不同雷诺数下实验模型的纵向和横向气动特性影响。研究结果表明:风洞试验结果与设计结果吻合良好,验证了设计结果的可靠性,获得了对总体设计具有指导意义的结论和试验数据结果。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.