补气式等离子体合成射流激励器工作机制

补气式等离子体合成射流(PSJ)激励器通过在常规激励器的腔体上外接单向阀,增加吸气复原阶段的补气量,提升射流能量。为防止漏气,对单向阀结构进行了特别设计,并在单向阀进气口打开和封闭时,分别测量了激励器射流峰值速度、腔体内部压力,及其放电电压和电流,探究单向阀补气改善射流性能的工作机制。结果表明,单向阀能够显著提高等离子体合成射流性能。射流穿透高度提升达30.0%,射流峰值速度增加达到18.7%,射流作用范围面积扩大达76.3%。但其有效作用频段仍与单向阀的响应频率和承受反向冲击压力的能力及激励器饱和工作频率密切相关。补气工作机制是单向阀补气与放电之间形成正向反馈作用,通过单向阀在吸气复原阶段扩大进气口面积,吸气复原更充分,腔内气压增大,使得气体击穿电压升高,增大能量沉积阶段的放电能量,提高腔内压力,产生更大内外压差,从而提升射流性能。射流喷出后腔内负压更大,也进一步促进了吸气复原,通过单向阀补气的作用更显著。     

等离子体合成射流改善翼型气动性能实验研究

等离子体合成射流(PSJ)是一种新型主动流动控制激励器,目前研究大多集中于激励特性,对于流动控制的应用研究还明显不足。为了深入探究PSJ翼型流动分离的控制能力与规律,以高升力翼型为载体,在翼型前缘施加等离子体合成射流激励(PSJA),研究激励器对升力特性的影响。结果表明:在翼型前缘施加PSJA,可以有效抑制流动分离;近失速迎角状态下,各个激励频率下都能产生良好的控制效果;过失速迎角状态下,低频效果最好,随激励电压增加,有效频率范围变宽;激励效果随来流速度增加而减弱,当来流速度20m/s时,翼型的失速迎角提高5°,最大升力系数提高8.1%;当来流速度为40m/s时,失速迎角提高3°,最大升力系数提高4.5%。     

激励器结构对三电极等离子体高能合成射流流场及其冲量特性的影响

等离子体激励器以其结构简单、响应速度快、环境适应性强等优势,已成为主动流动控制技术和流体力学研究的前沿与热点。相比于传统两电极激励器,三电极等离子体高能合成射流激励器具有更高的能量效率,形成射流冲量更大,有望成为新型快响应直接力产生装置。为揭示激励器结构对射流流场和冲量特性的影响规律,进而优化激励器结构参数,利用电参数测量装置、高速阴影系统及自主设计的单丝扭摆式微冲量测量系统对不同射流孔径、腔体体积和电极间距的三电极激励器放电特性、射流流场及其冲量进行了实验研究。为对比激励器在不同工况条件下的工作特性,定义无量纲能量沉积ε和无量纲射流冲量 I *,并分析了激励器结构参数对ε和 I *的影响。结果表明对于给定无量纲能量沉积ε,激励器存在最优射流孔径;激励器无量纲能量沉积ε和无量纲射流冲量I *随腔体体积增加而减小,随激励器电极间距增加而增加;射流强度及其流场影响区域随腔体体积增加而减小,随激励器电极间距增加而增加。对比不同腔体体积和电极间距工况条件下 I *随ε的变化可知,为设计具有较好射流冲量水平的激励器,在相同无量纲能量沉积ε条件下,应尽量增大激励器无量纲射流冲量 I *。当设计激励器无量纲能量沉积ε小于初始工况时,应增大初始工况激励器腔体体积使无量纲能量沉积ε降低至设计值;当设计激励器无量纲能量沉积ε大于初始工况时,应增大初始工况激励器电极间距使无量纲能量沉积ε增加至设计值,使设计激励器具有较好的射流冲量水平。     

等离子体合成射流激励器及其流动控制技术研究进展

等离子体合成射流(PSJ)激励器是通过半封闭容腔内电弧放电的温升及压升作用产生高温高速零质量射流的装置,具有射流速度高、边界层穿透能力强、响应速度快、激励频带宽、无活动部件等优势,是一种应用前景广泛的新型主动流动控制激励器。对等离子体合成射流激励器近些年来的研究进展进行了综述,重点综述了激励器在增大控制能力、提高能量效率、拓展环境适应性等方面所进行的优化设计,介绍了激励器研究中所发展的创新手段,并对激励器的能量效率特性和参数影响规律进行了归纳总结。重点综述了等离子体合成射流激励器在横向主流干扰、分离流控制、激波控制、激波/边界层干扰控制等应用领域的研究进展,深入探讨了等离子体合成射流与横向主流、分离泡、激波等典型流场结构的耦合作用机理,分析了等离子体合成射流主动流动控制存在的动量注入效应、冲击波效应、局部加热效应等复杂作用机制,并对未来的研究方向进行了探讨。     

多压电膜式零质量射流激励器的设计与性能研究

设计了一种多压电膜式零质量射流激励器,并利用热线风速仪,得到了对应于射流中心线上固定位置处速度最大时的最佳频率.在该频率下,测量了零质量射流在不同孔径时沿中心线的速度分布;测量、分析和比较了不同激励膜数目对射流出口速度分布的影响.表明:在其他条件完全相同的情况下,一片振动膜时的激励器出口中心线上的平均速度和峰值速度,都较5片膜的情况小一半左右,而3片和5片压电膜时的激励器性能差别却不大.也就是说,虽然压电膜的数目增加能使激励器出口射流的能量增加,但这两者之间并非呈线性关系.此外还用PIV测量方法,直观地显示了射流出口的涡结构.      

火花型合成射流激励器流动特性及其激励参数数值研究

利用能量方程中的源项模拟电火花能量的输入,数值模拟了火花型合成射流激励器的流场,获得了激励器的能量蓄积、喷射和吸入过程.结果表明:电火花瞬间能量的输入产生了腔体内的高温、高压环境,从而诱发合成射流的形成;在周期性激励下,合成射流在3个周期后稳定,喷口处的速度呈现非正弦的周期性变化,射流喷射过程时间极短,吸入外界环境气体...     

两电极等离子体高能合成射流流场及其冲量实验研究

两电极等离子体高能合成射流激励器通过腔体内电极间的瞬时电弧放电加热腔内气体,在激励器出口产生压差并喷出高速射流,从而产生反作用力和冲量。针对两电极等离子体高能合成射流响应快、持续时间短的特点,设计了单丝扭摆式微冲量测量系统,并结合高速阴影系统,对两电极等离子体高能合成射流的流场发展过程及其单脉冲冲量特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,两电极等离子体高能合成射流响应时间小于10μs,射流持续时间约为1ms,射流前锋最大速度约为190m/s,射流流场发展过程中存在多道强压缩波,并以当地声速向下游传播。单丝扭摆式微冲量测量系统可实现μN·s量级冲量测量精度,单脉冲冲量约为32μN·s,并且在低频状态下射流总冲量随激励器放电频率成线性增加。     

纳秒脉冲等离子体合成射流特性实验研究

设计了新型的等离子体合成射流激励器,采用实验方法研究了该激励器的放电特性、合成射流强度特性以及时均冲力特性。实验结果表明:存在一个饱和激励频率使合成射流的强度达到最大值,当射流孔径为1mm和1.5mm时,这一饱和频率分别为4k Hz和6k Hz;随着与出口距离的增加,射流的强度呈指数衰减,射流的影响距离约为10mm;在4k Hz下,激励器所产生的时均冲力随着激励频率的增加而近似线性增加,该时均冲力与单位长度介质阻挡放电(SDBD)激励器所产生的体积力处于同一量级(m N),孔径为1.5mm下的时均冲力约为孔径为1 mm时的两倍。     

高温环境辅助进气合成射流的激励器性能

对高温环境下活塞式合成射流激励器的流场进行了数值模拟和试验研究,对比了激励器工作频率和射流孔直径,对常规、辅助进气激励器性能的影响。结果表明:在高温环境下,相对于常规进气,辅助进气可以显著地提高激励器性能,激励器吸气量、腔体峰值压比和射流峰值动量提高的同时,激励器出口截面射流峰值速度略有下降。辅助进气装置的效能最大区域为高工作频率或者小射流孔直径。相对于常规激励器,辅助进气激励器的吸气量、腔体峰值压比和射流峰值动量的增加幅度最大,分别增加了常规激励器的23073%、10397%和10737%(工作频率为250 Hz,射流孔直径为2 mm)。     

多路等离子体合成射流改善翼型性能实验研究

等离子体合成射流(PSJ)响应快,频带宽,强度大,在飞行器增升减阻领域具有广阔应用前景。但常规等离子体合成射流只是单点激励,作用范围小,控制效果弱。为提高等离子体合成射流抑制机翼流动分离的能力,设计了一种新型多路放电电路驱动合成射流,使单个电源产生5~12路多点、高强度合成射流激励,并将其用于高升力翼型失速分离控制。研究了激励频率、电容能量、来流速度和激励位置对流动控制效果的影响以及阵列式激励的控制规律。实验结果表明:12路PSJs各路均能产生较强的冲击波和射流,能有效抑制翼型吸力面的流动分离,增加升力,推迟失速;当激励频率为150Hz使无量纲频率等于4.8时,流动控制效果最好;电容能量越大,来流速度越小,流动控制效果越好;翼型距前缘15%c处为最佳激励位置,在主翼后缘施加激励与前缘激励类似,能有效抑制主翼流动分离;在主翼前缘和后缘同时施加激励,增升效果变强,推迟失速的能力降低。流场存在延迟效应,延迟时间不小于585s。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.