钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片高温弯扭成形及性能调控研究

利用UTM 5504X电子万能试验机对TC4钛合金在变形温度650～850℃和应变速率10^–3～1 s^–1条件下进行高温拉伸试验,研究了TC4钛合金热变形行为,建立了修正的Misiolek硬化方程,可以准确预测该材料在不同变形条件下的流动应力。同时构建TC4钛合金空心叶片的高温弯扭成形有限元模型,结合有限元仿真研究结果确定空心风扇叶片弯扭成形的最佳工艺参数为扭转成形温度750℃、扭转成形截面550 mm和扭转角速度1.938°/min。结合微观组织试验观察发现,高温变形条件下α相含量减少,β相含量持续升高,材料具备较高的延伸率和塑性成形性能。最终通过弯扭成形制备的空心叶片的叶身整体过渡圆滑、无表面缺陷,成形质量良好,研究结果可为TC4钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片批量化制造生产提供指导性意见。     

宽弦空心风扇叶片制造工艺的发展

本文主要分析了国外新一代涡轮风扇发动机的宽弦空心风扇叶片的设计特点，介绍了空心风扇叶片的超塑成形和扩散连接工艺。宽弦空心风扇叶片的设计与制造工艺正为新一代高推重比军用发动机所采用。     

国外航空发动机风扇叶片及其成形技术

现代航空发动机正朝着增加推力,减轻重量,降低油耗和减少噪音的方向发展,涡轮风扇发动机正是适应这一要求而发展起来的。 风扇叶片是涡轮风扇发动机的重要零件,其叶身长、叶弦宽、形状复杂(扭角大、实心叶片的叶身又往往设计有一个或多个中间阻尼凸台)。因此,成形难度大,极大地影响了发动机的重量和制造成本。目前,风扇叶片的成形方法已成为发动机制造的关键技术之一。     

涡扇发动机风扇叶片及其成形工艺

综述了涡扇发动机风扇叶片的发展及各种风扇叶片的成形工艺。     

某型飞机钛合金盒形薄板零件热拉深成形工艺

随着航空器性能的不断提高,外形复杂且成形难度大的钛合金薄壁钣金件大量用于航空器。本文对某型飞机钛合金盒型零件的成形方案进行分析,利用PAMSTAMP2G有限元成形模拟软件,在实测TC1钛合金板材的材料物理性能参数基础上,基于现有的热压与气压成形机理对钛合金盒形零件成形技术方案进行设计分析,选取合理方案,对零件的热压成形、气压成形方式进行可行性分析。通过试验测试与有限元计算分析相结合的方式,确定了合理的工艺参数,并制造出了合格的复杂薄壁不规则深腔盒型零件,对钛合金薄壁复杂类零件的制造成形有一定的借鉴作用。     

钛合金宽弦风扇叶片的振动特性

通过模态仿真和模态试验技术分别对某型号TC4钛合金宽弦风扇叶片的振动特性进行研究。采用ANSYS-APDL软件对风扇叶片模型进行模态仿真分析。根据风扇叶片的坎贝尔图以及不同模态的振型分布,识别风扇叶片的弯扭振型。风扇叶片不同转速不同模态下的转速裕度和频率裕度分析显示:第1阶弯曲模态在红线转速下的转速裕度和频率裕度超过20%,表明风扇叶片满足共振裕度要求。在三轴向振动台上利用扫描式激光测振仪,采用敲击法和随机带宽激励的方法测量叶片的响应,分析了风扇叶片不同模态的冲击响应特性和多轴响应特性,发现风扇叶片在周向和轴向激励下的响应以低阶弯曲模态为主,而在径向激励下的响应以扭转和复合模态为主,不同激励位置不同模态的响应特性与风扇叶片的振型息息相关。      

宽弦空心风扇叶片大鸟撞击试验研究

为了建立钛合金空心风扇单叶片大鸟撞击试验方法，针对宽弦钛合金空心风扇叶片开展了大鸟撞击叶片位置敏感性分 析、鸟撞参数设计及鸟弹姿态控制研究，制定了大鸟撞击风扇叶片试验方案，完成了试验装置设计并进行了验证试验。结果表明：钛 合金空心风扇叶片对大鸟撞击位置敏感性强，撞击最危险位置为50%叶高处；通过采用人工明胶鸟弹、优化弹托和增加泄压段，可 有效提高鸟弹姿态控制精度；验证试验结果与设计预期吻合度良好，表明风扇叶片静止且鸟与风扇叶片的相对速度为工作状态下 的大鸟撞击试验可有效模拟大鸟撞击叶片的冲击历程。     

TA7钛合金空心叶片弯曲成形试验研究

本文是发动机TA7钛合金空心叶片弯曲成形试验研究的技术总结。试验证明,对这类空心叶片零件有可能用冷弯法来代替热弯成形。这份总结对今后飞机上某些直母线单曲度钛合金弯曲件的成形也可作为参考。     

2/3层板结构空心风扇叶片设计与对比分析

针对空心结构风扇叶片设计技术在航空发动机上的应用,分析了2/3层板空心叶片结构特点,提出了1种基于气动数据源的空心叶片结构设计方法,并以某风扇叶片为例开展了2种结构空心叶片设计,有限元对比分析结果表明:2种结构空心叶片在静强度、振动特性方面各有优势,但2层板结构空心叶片可设计性更优,应用前景更好.     

钛合金空心点阵超塑成形/扩散连接成形工艺和性能研究

钛合金空心点阵是典型的承载–功能一体化结构,采用单轴拉伸方法,在不同温度、应变速率条件下测定TA15、TA32钛合金的超塑拉伸延伸率,最大延伸率分别达到1450%和950%,后在不同温度、压力条件下进行扩散连接试验。根据超塑拉伸和扩散连接试验,确定了超塑成形和扩散连接（Superplastic forming/diffusion bonding,SPF/DB）的最佳工艺参数为：920℃/1.5～2.0 MPa/2 h,制备了不同构型和几何参数的TA15、TA32钛合金空心点阵结构件。采用平压方法和三点弯曲方法测定了钛合金空心点阵的力学性能,压缩和弯曲强度最大值分别达到23.83 MPa、596MPa,通过有限元和试验分析的方法,研究了几何参数对钛合金空心点阵平压和弯曲性能的影响规律。采用单面加热方法,研究了钛合金空心点阵结构的隔热性能,在400℃/1 h条件下,隔热温差达到276.3～310℃。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.