行星际激波导致的磁尾等离子片中ULF波动事件

磁层中的超低频（ULF）波动在太阳风和磁层之间的能量输运过程中具有重要作用.ULF波动主要发生在内磁层,且内磁层中ULF波动影响粒子的加速及沉降,而在夜侧磁层尤其是磁尾等离子片中观测到的ULF波动比较少.基于中国自主磁层探测卫星TC-1的观测数据,发现了两例行星际激波导致的磁尾中心等离子片中ULF波动事件,并发现这两例ULF事例都包含很强的环向模驻波分量,与以往THEMIS卫星报道的同类事件观测特征相符.根据ULF波的观测特征,分析了这两例ULF波动的可能触发机制.研究结果有助于深入理解磁层对行星际激波的全球响应.      

A coordinated study of field-aligned currents and Pc5 ULF waves during ejecta 1997

We show examples of long period Pc5 magnetic field pulsations near field-aligned current (FAC) regions in the high-latitude magnetosphere, observed by INTERBALL-Au, and coordinated with POLAR, GOES-9 and ground-based observations during 11 January and 11 April 1997. Identification of corresponding magnetosphere regions and subregions is provided by electrons and protons in the energy-range of 0.01–100 keV measured onboard the spacecraft. The ULF Pc5 wave occurrence is observed in both upward and downward FACs. A fairly good correlation is demonstrated between these ULF Pc5 waves and the consecutive injection of magnetosheath low energy protons. The constancy of the observed frequency peak at 1.8 mHz during quite unsteady solar wind pressure conditions could be reconciled with the surface wave mode model. The 3.1 mHz peak location area probably resembles field-line fluctuations with an interesting appearance of poloidal mode oscillation. It is suggested that the 1.3 mHz wave and its harmonic 2.6 mHz represent global compressional oscillations.     

日侧外磁层ULF波调制EMIC波的MMS观测

磁层多尺度卫星(MMS-1)在日侧06:30 MLT(磁地方时,Magnetic Local Time)外磁层大于2Re(L为7.5～10.1)的范围内观测到多达21个波包的准周期性电磁离子回旋波(EMIC)事件.超低频(ULF)波和能量质子温度各向异性准周期性增强也被同步观测到.频率分析显示,ULF波的周期、质子各向...     

磁暴恢复相后期超低频波观测分析

利用Radiation Belt Storm Probes（RBSP）和Magnetospheric Multiscale（MMS）的联合观测研究了2016年1月25日和2月22日的两个超低频（ULF）波动事件.这两个事件均发生在磁暴的恢复相后期，波动分布在晨侧与正午之间的区域.RBSP观测到的两次波动都发生在低L-shell（4.7～5.8），MMS观测到的两次波动都发生在高L-shell（8.0～14.2）.在高L-shell，超低频波偏振以环向波为主，沿磁力线方向为基频谐波.在低L-shell，超低频波偏振以径向波为主，沿磁力线方向为二次谐波.对内磁层（L<6）中的ULF波，通过比较∂f/∂w|μ,L和（dL）/（dW）（∂f）/（∂L）|μ,W的绝对值可知，bump-on-tail的离子分布和向地的离子相空间密度梯度通过N=1的弹跳共振，共同为波动的产生提供自由能.多重事例分析表明，在磁暴恢复相后期，约10keV的离子伴随着波动的存在而存在，并且为波动的产生提供自由能.      

VLF波从大气层到低电离层的传输特性分析

基于传播矩阵法计算了均匀半空间电离层的反透射系数, 同时解Booker复系数四次方程得到电离层的复折射指数, 分别研究了电离层反射透射系数及折射指数随VLF频段入射电波频率、入射角和地磁倾角、电离层电子浓度及碰撞频率的变化规律. 计算结果表明, 在VLF频段, 垂直电偶极子辐射的横磁(Traverse Magnetic)波更易透射进入电离层, 而水平电偶极子辐射的横电(Traverse Electric) 波易被限制在地-电离层波导内来回反射. 电离层电子密度较低时 (如夜间), 在高纬度地区, 观测到地震电离层VLF异常的概率更大. 当考虑地磁场 的影响时, 电离层将允许地震辐射的超低频(Ultra Low Frequency ,ULF)/甚低频 (Very Low Frequency, VLF)部分的电磁波透射进入电离层, 这一点已有很多卫星观测事实为证, 但其进一步的物理机制尚需深入研究.      

ULF wave index as magnetospheric and space-weather parameters

Waves in the Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) band owe their existence to solar wind turbulence and transport momentum and energy from the solar wind to the magnetosphere and farther down. Therefore an index based on ULF wave power could better characterize solar wind–magnetosphere interaction than K_P, Dst, AE, etc. indices which described mainly quasi-study state condition of the system. We have shown that the ULF wave index accurately characterize relativistic electron dynamics in the magnetosphere as these waves are closely associated with circulation, diffusion and energization of relativistic electrons in the magnetosphere. High speed solar wind streams also act as a significant driver of activity in the Earth’s magnetosphere co-rotating interaction region and are responsible for geomagnetic activities. In the present paper, we have analyzed various cases related with very weak (quiet) days, weak days, storm days and eclipse events and discussed the utility of the ULF wave index to explain the magnetospheric dynamics and associated properties. We have tried to explain that the ULF wave index can equally be useful as a space weather parameter like the other indices.     

DEMETER卫星记录到的电离层加热现象

在法国DEMETER卫星运行期间, 地基电离层加热装置SURA和HAARP开展了一系列加热试验, 记录到各类电离层异常信息, 发现电离层加热过程中卫星观测的电离层扰动信号包括HF发射泵波及边带泵波、VLF人工源增强及频谱拓展、ULF/ELF/VLF调制波、ELF电磁扰动、ULF谐振波、等离子体特征参量扰动及高能粒子沉降等. 由于传播及耦合机制的差异, 发射泵波可以穿透电离层直达卫星高度, 其观测概率最高达到68%以上, 其他扰动受发射调制模式及当地电磁环境等影响,观测概率相对较低, 均在40%左右, 有些甚至是某次试验中出现的个别事例. 结合中国地震电磁监测试验卫星飞行轨道设计及载荷配置等,对未来开展加热试验进行了分析论证, 并参考DEMETER卫星试验结果给出了一些建议.      

Effects of man on geomagnetic activity and pulsations

Until recently the only known large-scale effects of man on geomagnetic activity and pulsations were those produced by high-altitude nuclear explosions. However, in just the last few years, measurements have indicated that changes can also be produced by (1) moderately-powered pulsed HF radio (1–20 MHz) transmissions into the ionosphere, (2) high-powered pulsed VLF radio transmissions (3–15 kHz) into the magnetosphere, and (3) by the ULF magnetic noise (frequencies < 5 Hz) from modern dc electric powered mass transit systems. Further, experiments reported by U.S. and Soviet scientists support the suggestion that ULF geomagnetic changes in the ionosphere and magnetosphere can be generated by the passage of a large ULF current around a peninsula in the sea. As a result of these experimental activities, it appears that controlled experiments using artificially generated ULF signals in the ionized upper atmosphere are now feasible. Finally, the report of a “weekend effect” in geomagnetic activity (as measured by the geomagnetic activity index Ap, for example) suggests that man's activities may already have been subtly influencing geomagnetic activity for many years, possibly because of the radiation from electric power distribution systems into the magnetosphere.     

ULF/ELF ionospheric electric field and plasma perturbations related to Chile earthquakes

ULF/ELF electric field perturbations in the ionosphere have been widely observed by the satellites. In this paper, we develop a method of Logarithm Electric Field Intensity (LEFI) to automatically distinguish this kind of disturbances based on the spectrum intensity and its damping exponent with frequency in electromagnetic signals. This method is applied to DEMETER data processing around Chile earthquakes with magnitude larger than 6.0. It is found that 2/3 earthquakes have shown obvious ULF/ELF electric field perturbations in this region. The temporal and spatial distributions of electron density and temperature were compared with that of electric field, which proved the existence of irregularities above epicentral area. Finally, the coupling mechanism of earthquake-ionosphere is discussed based on multi-parameter analysis.     

An explanation of the observation of pulsing hiss at low latitude

In this paper we report pulsing hiss emissions observed at the low latitude station, Jammu (geomag. lat. 22°26′N, L = 1.17) in which intensity decreases with the increase in frequency. The entire dynamic spectra contain somewhat irregular structure. To explain these we propose that the hiss emissions are generated through Doppler-shifted cyclotron interactions near the equator and propagate to the earth in the whistler-mode. Further, ULF waves present in the generation region modulate the intensity of the emission resulting in the pulsing nature. The growth rates are computed and discussed in the light of recent works.     

Study of waves in the magnetotail region with cluster and DSP

The study of the neutral sheet is of fundamental importance in understanding the dynamics of the Earth’s magnetosphere. From the earliest observation of the magnetotail, it has been found that the neutral sheet frequently appears to be in motion due to changing solar wind conditions and geomagnetic activity. Multiple crossings of the neutral sheet by spacecraft have been attributed to a flapping motion of the neutral sheet in the north–south direction, a wavy profile either along the magnetotail or the dawn–dusk direction. Cluster observations have revealed that the flapping motions of the Earth’s magnetotail are of internal origin and that kink-like waves are emitted from the central part of the tail and propagate toward the tail flanks. This flapping motion is shown here to propagate at an angle of ∼45° with x_GSM. A possible assumption that the flapping could be created by a wake travelling away from a fast flow in the current sheet is rejected. Other waves in the magnetotail are found in the ULF range. One conjunction event between Cluster and DoubleStar TC1 is presented where all spacecraft show ULF wave activity at a period of approximately 5 min during fast Earthward flow. These waves are shown to be Kelvin–Helmholtz waves on the boundaries of the flow channel. Calculations show that the conversion of flow energy into magnetic energy through the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability can contribute to a significant part of flow breaking between Cluster and DoubleStar TC1.     

VLF电波渗透到卫星高度电离层传播的全波计算

考虑斜向地磁场的影响将电离层设为多层水平分层各向异性有耗介质, 利用传播矩阵法求解全波方程, 进而研究分析VLF频段电离层反射系数随电波频率的变化, 电离层中两种特征极化波的折射和极化特性, 两特征波的电磁场水平分量以及坡印廷能流密度随传播高度的变化. 数值计算结果表明, 地—电离层波导中的垂直极化波比平行极化波易渗透进入电离层; 电离层中两种特征极化波可分为左旋和右旋圆极化波, 左旋分支由于D层强吸收作用表现为速衰减模, 而右旋分支表现为可传播模, 在传播过程中电磁波的能量主要存储在磁场中; 电波频率越低, 其在电离层中的传播损耗越小. 由数值模拟结果发现, 卫星监测VLF频段的低频部分及更低频段的水平磁场变化对于发现地震电离层电磁前兆异常可能更为有效.      

使用地磁脉动参数定量预报地球同步轨道相对论电子通量的建模研究

磁层超低频波(ULF波)对种子电子的加速机制是磁层相对论电子产生的一个重要机制, 而地磁脉动参数可以作为此机制的有效指标. 本文采用地磁脉动参数作为输入参数, 借鉴线性预测滤波器技术, 构建一个多参量非线性函数, 进而利用此函数以及卡尔曼滤波技术, 建立一个地球同步轨道相对论电子通量日积分值预报模式, 提供提前一天的预报值. 使用2004年数据对该模式进行训练, 预报结果的预报效率为0.73, 线性相关系数为0.85. 使用2005-2006年的数据对该模式进行测试, 预报值与实测值之间的线性相关系数为0.83, 预报效率为0.69, 相比Persistence模式具有较大提升, 与仿REFM模式的预报效率相当      

基于遗传算法的高速飞行器滑模控制律设计

以高超声速飞行器GHV(Generic Hypersonic Vehicle)的俯仰通道为控制对象,针对其6自由度非线性模型设计了滑模控制律.为了便于应用滑模控制理论,首先对该模型进行了输入输出反馈线性化,将原模型转换成为仿射型.设计好滑模控制律结构以后,基于遗传算法完成了滑模控制律参数设计.该过程利用了随机鲁棒思想,即在随机均匀分布的参数不确定性作用下,通过遗传算法优化滑模控制律参数,使得飞行控制系统失去稳定性和鲁棒性的概率达到最小.仿真表明,该方法可以同时满足飞行控制系统鲁棒性和参数优化过程收敛性的要求.     

基于信息模型的测试性试验样本集充分性研究

建立了产品的故障模式信息模型,包括产品的故障模式、结构单元、功能和测试数据以及这些数据之间的映射关系.根据该信息模型,定义了三种故障模式等价集合,即故障模式单元等价集合、故障模式功能等价集合、故障模式测试等价集合.在这些等价集合的基础上,建立了测试性试验中样本集的三种典型充分性度量和准则,即单元覆盖充分性度量和准则、功能覆盖充分性度量和准则、测试覆盖充分性度量和准则.分析了典型充分性度量和准则的适用范围,并建立了综合充分性度量和准则.使用综合充分性度量可以评价样本集的充分程度,使用综合充分性准则可以确定样本集的构成要求.建立了综合充分性度量和准则的应用方法和流程.通过实例验证了该方法的可行性.     

一种新型大功率升降压变换器及控制方法

现有的升降压拓扑中双管级联变换器最符合高效大功率场合的使用要求,但如果工作模式标准选择不当,串联结构和Boost电路的非线性直流增益很容易在升降压转换过程中产生严重的振荡。本文提出了一种新颖的大功率IPOSBHB变换器,阐述了其电路结构及基本关系,建立了降压模式和升压模式下的开环小信号模型,设计了载波平移的组合控制方法,分析了升降压模式切换时传递函数的不一致性、占空比的不连续性和输入电压的扰动对变换器输出特性的影响,并给出了补偿措施。本文提出的载波平移组合控制策略和补偿方法很容易实现稳态时的高效控制和升降压模式切换时的平滑过渡,同时降低了输入电压扰动的不利影响。通过一台15 k W样机对本文提出的理论加以验证。     

六轮腿式机器人结构设计与运动模式分析

复合运动模式机器人是移动机器人研究的热点之一。轮腿复合式机器人综合了轮式机器人的快速性和腿式机器人的灵活性,能更好地适应复杂地面环境。设计了一种圆周对称的六轮腿式机器人,其新型的轮腿组合方式使其在不增加多余驱动的基础上,通过改变自身构态实现轮腿运动模式的切换,降低了结构的复杂性,避免了轮子当作足在行走过程中磨损造成的不良影响。给出4种典型"3+3"三角周期步态和不同步态行走过程中的等效机构,建立了单腿正运动学和逆运动学模型,分析了不同步态间切换过程。根据机器人的特殊轮腿结构进行了轮腿运动模式切换规划,并分析了轮式运动和轮行过程中的转向问题,建立了4种轮行转弯运动学模型。通过轮腿式机器人样机试验,验证了其步行运动、轮行运动以及不同运动模式切换的能力。      

时频分析在超声导波信号分析中的应用

超声导波信号是一种非平稳信号,存在频散现象,利用传统的时域和频域分析方法不能揭示其频谱随时间变化的特点.为了解决这一问题,研究了导波信号的非平稳特征,介绍了短时傅里叶变换(STFT,Short-Time Fourier Transform)时频分析原理,分别对铝板试样和蜂窝板试样内传播的导波信号进行了STFT和时频谱分析,得出了铝板内导波信号中各频率成分随时间的变化情况,分析出导波信号的模式转换现象,比较精确地计算了导波的群速度;对于蜂窝板内的导波信号,由于能量泄露比较严重,当激励频率为1.5MHz时,A0模式只能近距离传播,这就使得采用STFT不能很好地进行模式识别.研究结果表明,当导波传播距离较远时,利用STFT可以对其信号进行动态的频谱分析和模式识别,并可对实际的群速度进行较精确的测量.     

基于奇异值分解的单框架变速控制力矩

摘要： 本文提出一种新的变速控制力矩陀螺（VSCMGs）的角动量管理方法.将VSCMGs的控制力矩(CMGs)模式和飞轮模式分开求解同步输出,对CMGs模式力矩输出进行奇异值分解,只有CMGs模式接近奇异的时候,在奇异方向上的指令力矩才会分配一部分给RWs模式,从而在保证VSCMGs输出精度的情况下尽量充分的利用VSCMGs的执行能力.同时角动量管理算法中还引入零运动来实现转子轮速平衡以及框架构型避奇异,并且考虑了框架角速度死区非线性以及忽略项的补偿问题.仿真结果表明,所设计的操纵律在航天器大角度快速姿态机动时,可以实现高精度的大力矩输出.