基于力约束的空心涡轮叶片陶芯定位方法

精铸蜡型作为空心涡轮叶片精铸过程重要的前期工艺转接件,其壁厚精度主要由蜡型模具型腔与内部陶芯的位置匹配关系决定。由于陶芯在模具内完全依靠定位元件实现空间定位,为减小由定位误差引起的陶芯位姿漂移,提出了一种基于力平衡约束的空心涡轮叶片精铸模具陶芯定位布局优化方法。首先,通过建立陶芯定位误差传递模型,揭示了定位误差与陶芯空间位姿扰动量之间的映射关系;其次,根据力平衡原理构建了基于力约束的陶芯定位布局优化模型;之后,针对陶芯表面定位候选点的离散分布特性,结合遗传算法给出了陶芯定位布局点的详细求解策略。最后,仿真对比证明了利用本文所提方法获得的陶芯定位方案可以在保证陶芯定位稳定性的同时提高陶芯定位精度,此外,按照优化后的定位方案压制实际蜡型,壁厚检测结果也进一步表明所提方法的有效性。     

空心涡轮叶片精铸蜡型陶芯定位元件尺寸计算方法

 针对空心涡轮叶片精铸蜡型陶芯定位元件尺寸难以精确量化的问题,提出了基于模型匹配算法的陶芯定位元件尺寸计算方法。通过将壁厚权值因子引入匹配模型,实现了测量数据与理论模型的精确匹配;基于匹配后的陶芯实测数据,建立了定位元件的尺寸计算方法;最后,将壁厚偏差分布一致的一批陶芯分两组进行实验对比。结果表明该方法计算出的陶芯定位元件尺寸能够有效提高蜡型壁厚精度,对空心涡轮叶片的精确控型有一定的指导意义。     

涡轮叶片精铸模具陶芯定位元件逆向调整算法

针对空心涡轮叶片蜡型压制过程中陶芯定位元件补偿量难以量化问题,提出了基于蜡型壁厚测量结果的逆向解析算法.通过建立陶芯定位误差传递模型和逆向调整模型,确定了陶芯壁厚偏差与定位元件补偿量之间的映射关系.运用超声脉冲反射法对一组蜡型进行壁厚测量,根据测量结果逆向调整陶芯定位元件尺寸并重新压制蜡型进行对比分析.结果表明,该方法...     

涡轮叶片精铸蜡型陶芯定位布局优化求解算法研究

为求解陶芯的定位布局优化方案,提高涡轮叶片精铸蜡型陶芯的定位精度以保证精铸叶片成品率,本文提出并研究了基于不同算法对蜡型陶芯定位点布局进行优化.基于陶芯定位误差传递方程,采用Greedy算法和Interchange算法对蜡型陶芯定位点布局方案进行求解;并对两种算法的计算精度和计算时间进行对比研究.结果表明,Greedy算法具有较好的计算精度,Interchange算法时间较短.该研究对工程实践中求解定位点布局优化方案有重要的意义.     

内切圆弦长法计算空心涡轮叶片蜡模壁厚

针对涡轮叶片精铸蜡模壁厚的快速、低成本测量问题,提出了基于光学测量的内切圆弦长的壁厚计算方法.以陶芯和蜡模外形的光学扫描测量模型为对象,将两测量模型进行配准并提取截面数据,拟合得到蜡模内外截面轮廓线,提出并研究了两种内外截面轮廓线内切圆弦长计算方法,进而在UG平台上进行二次开发计算得到蜡模壁厚.最后,通过实验将算法的实...     

空心涡轮叶片复杂陶芯弯扭变形分析方法比较

陶芯作为熔模铸造空心涡轮叶片的内腔转接件,其弯扭变形程度直接关系到空心涡轮叶片的壁厚尺寸精度。为了研究陶芯制造过程中出现的弯曲和扭曲变形,首先,借鉴叶片给出了陶芯弯曲变形和扭曲变形的定义,并根据陶芯结构特点研究了陶芯弯扭变形的计算方法,包括基于轮廓线的弯扭变形计算方法:主动轮廓模型法和样条拟合轮廓线法,与基于数据点的弯扭变形计算方法:凸包算法、二维配准算法和距离权值算法。然后,分别通过仿真与实测数据比较了5种算法,结果表明:样条拟合轮廓线法具有更高的稳定性和精度。     

基于凸包算法的陶芯弯曲度与扭曲度误差计算

陶芯弯扭变形直接关系到空心叶片的壁厚尺寸分布,为克服当前陶芯弯扭变形的计算中测量数据与理论模型三维配准、陶芯截面轮廓线提取或拟合的过程算法复杂、收敛速度慢、效率低等问题,提出了一种通过测量数据点直接计算陶芯弯曲度和扭曲度误差的算法,该算法不需要三维配准和提取陶芯外轮廓线,通过距离权值法计算陶芯弯曲度,凸包算法计算陶芯扭曲度,能大幅提高计算效率。仿真与实验结果表明:该算法弯曲变形计算精度为99.55%,与二维配准算法相差±0.01mm;扭曲变形计算精度为99.98%,与二维配准相差±0.006°。      

飞机装配型架骨架优化布局方法研究与应用

装配型架的骨架布局设计需要综合考虑与装配产品和定位夹紧件的约束关系,设计过程繁琐复杂,且很难达到最优设计。为了提高骨架的设计效率和设计质量,提出一种基于最小二乘法的骨架优化布局方法。首先基于最小二乘法建立了骨架优化布局的数学模型,其次建立了不同装配产品定位特征分布情况下的模型最优解求解算法,最后以CATIA系统为平台基于CAA二次开发实现了该骨架优化布局算法,通过某型飞机翼面和前机身产品验证了该算法的有效性。该方法使骨架布局设计更简单快捷,且是优化设计结果,能有效缩短设计周期,大大提高骨架设计质量。     

基于0-1整数规划的航空薄壁件定位布局优化

为了减少航空薄壁件的定位变形,提出了一种基于0-1整数规划的定位布局优化方法,并对适应自动钻铆的预装配工装的内型卡板布局进行了优化设计。该方法基于"N-2-1"定位原理,将布局优化问题转化为0-1整数规划问题;以对薄壁件定位系统参数化建模分析得到的薄壁件最大变形量最小为优化目标,建立定位布局递推优化模型;采用分步求解的策略,通过混合粒子群算法对薄壁件进行定位布局优化。     

基于响应面法的Z型管道有限元模型参数修正与模态优化

针对Z型管道布局不合理而导致共振的问题,基于响应面法对Z型管道进行有限元模型修正以及模态优化。建立参数化的Z型管道振动仿真有限元模型;采用灵敏度分析方法,选取对模态影响较大的材料参数作为设计变量,通过拉丁超立方试验设计采集样本点,构造基于材料参数的响应面,通过多目标优化修正材料参数;利用修正后的有限元模型构造基于管道布局参数的响应面,通过多目标优化算法得到了使Z型管道前3阶固有频率远离共振频率的布局方案。     

A wall-thickness compensation strategy for wax pattern of hollow turbine blade

As an important index affecting the aerodynamic performance and the structural strength of hollow turbine blades, the wall-thickness precision of the blade is mainly inherited from the positional relationship between the corresponding wax pattern and the internal ceramic core. However, due to locating errors, the actual position of ceramic core is always deviated from the ideal position, which makes it difficult to guarantee the wall-thickness precision of the wax pattern. To solve this problem, a wall-thickness compensation strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the industrial computed tomography (ICT) technique and curve matching algorithms, a model reconstruction method is developed, with which the 3D model of a trial wax pattern can be easily constructed. After that, focusing on eliminating the wall-thickness errors of the trial wax pattern, an optimization method for the pose of the ceramic core in the wax pattern is proposed. Then, by mapping the optimal pose of the ceramic core to length adjustments of the locating rods, the wall-thickness errors of the wax pattern can be greatly reduced. A case study is also given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed compensation strategy.     

多组件结构系统布局拓扑优化中处理组件干涉约束的惩罚函数方法

包含大量组件的多组件结构系统布局拓扑优化设计中存在大量的组件干涉约束,研究了包含大量组件的结构系统整体式拓扑布局优化设计问题,基于有限包络圆方法（FCM）提出了处理组件干涉约束的惩罚函数方法,构造了包含结构刚度和组件之间几何干涉函数的内外混合惩罚函数,应用基于梯度的优化算法对包含数十个组件上百个干涉约束的多组件结构系统进行刚度优化设计,得到了清晰的支撑结构构型和无干涉的组件布局位置,充分体现了提出的混合惩罚函数方法在解决多组件结构系统布局拓扑优化设计中组件干涉问题上的有效性和适用性。     

Layout design of thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners using multi-material topology optimization

In this paper, the thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners manufactured by additive manufacturing are investigated. A design method based on the multi-material topology optimization is proposed for the simultaneous layout optimization of the lattices and stiffeners in thin-walled structures. First, the representative lattice units of the selected lattices are equivalent to the virtual homogeneous materials whose effective elastic matrixes are achieved by the energy-based homogenization method. Meanwhile, the stiffeners are modelled using the solid material. Subsequently, the multi-material topology optimization formulation is established for both the virtual homogeneous materials and solid material to minimize the structural compliance under mass constraint. Thus, the optimal layout of both the lattices and stiffeners could be simultaneously attained by the optimization procedure. Two applications, the aircraft panel structure and the equipment mounting plate, are dealt with to demonstrate the detailed design procedure and reveal the effect of the proposed method. According to numerical comparisons and experimental results, the thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners have significant advantages over the traditional stiffened thin-walled structures and lattice sandwich structures in terms of static, dynamic and anti-instability performance.     

发动机机匣弧面不规则管路的布局参数多目标优化设计

管路布局优化是降低发动机管路振动应力的重要手段,提出了一种发动机机匣弧面上不规则管路布局参数的多目标优化设计方法.从发动机机匣弧面的U形管路出发,建立了具有复杂布局走向的不规则单管路的参数化建模方法.分析了布局参数对管路的危险固有频率、多点激励响应的灵敏度.综合考虑错频和最大响应等多个目标,采用多目标遗传优化算法,对不...     

Multi-scale design and optimization for solid-lattice hybrid structures and their application to aerospace vehicle components

By integrating topology optimization and lattice-based optimization, a novel multi-scale design method is proposed to create solid-lattice hybrid structures and thus to improve the mechanical performance as well as reduce the structural weight. To achieve this purpose, a two-step procedure is developed to design and optimize the innovative structures. Initially, the classical topology optimization is utilized to find the optimal material layout and primary load carrying paths. Afterwards, the solid-lattice hybrid structures are reconstructed using the finite element mesh based modeling method. And lattice-based optimization is performed to obtain the optimal cross-section area of the lattice structures. Finally, two typical aerospace structures are optimized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework. The numerical results are quite encouraging since the solid-lattice hybrid structures obtained by the presented approach show remarkably improved performance when compared with traditional designs.     

Topology Optimization Design for the Layout of theMain Bearing Joint of a Certain Aircraft

为了实现飞机部件的轻量化设计,将拓扑优化和代理模型相结合构建了一个结构布局优化的算法。以某型飞机主承力接头为研究对象,根据结构传力路线和工艺要求,将接头的布局优化转化为耳片的平面拓扑优化与螺栓位置的优化。以接头耳片的厚度和中间排螺栓位置作为布局变量,对每组布局变量下的耳片进行拓扑优化,对布局变量采用基于代理模型的遗传算法进行优化。以质量最小为优化目标,在强度与刚度的多约束条件下,完成了某型飞机主承力接头的布局拓扑优化。结果表明,本方法的优化结果比传统的拓扑优化结果减重约 14.5%,验证了优化算法的可行性与有效性。