氮气介质下钛合金铣削特性的分析研究

提出了用氮气作为切削介质的绿色加工技术,并通过试验设计,分别在干切削和以氮气为介质的切削条件下,对铣削钛合金的铣削力及刀具的后刀面磨损进行了分析研究,最后对试验结果进行了讨论。     

高速铣削铝合金7055铣削力和铣削温度的仿真研究

采用有限元分析软件AdvantEdge模拟了航空铝合金7055高速铣削过程,获得了单个刀齿高速加工中铣削力变化曲线,预测了不同切削时间下工件及刀具上的温度分布,获得了刀具前刀面和后刀面的温度分布曲线;建立了高速铣削参数对铝合金7055铣削力和铣削温度的影响曲线,可辅助优化切削加工参数,有助于减小切削过程中刀具的磨损,改善刀具切削状态,提高刀具使用寿命.     

基于运动学的高速高精密铣削力建模：综合模型与试验

高速高精密铣削加工中铣削力是最重要的过程参量之一,铣削力信息的准确反馈对保证加工过程中的稳定性具有十分重要的意义。然而,影响铣削力大小的因素有很多种,目前缺乏一种考虑多种因素下的综合铣削力模型。因此,着重研究并综合考虑了刀具磨损、刀具跳动、刀具弹性变形对瞬时切削厚度的影响,同时分析了弹性变形对刀具切入与切出角的影响规律,改进了刀具瞬时切削厚度模型。基于运动学分析,将切削刃位置与预加工工件形态相互统一,建立了综合铣削力模型。为验证所提出综合模型的精确性和通用性,进行铣削实验,实验结果表明,铣削力预测值与实验值吻合较好,铣削力误差值小于1%,并通过分析刀具磨损与铣削力之间的相互变化关系,得出进给方向上的铣削力与Z向的铣削力系数对刀具磨损的影响最大。因此,切向力分量以及Z向的铣削力系数的变化特征可以较好的表征刀具磨损状况,从而提高铣削加工精度和效率。     

刀具磨损对TC11铣削表面粗糙度与残余应力的影响

为了研究TC11钛合金铣削加工过程中刀具磨损对加工表面质量的影响规律,设计了刀具磨损与铣削表面粗糙度、表面残余应力的试验。结果表明:TC11钛合金铣削加工过程中的刀具磨损可以分为:初期磨损、正常磨损、剧烈磨损三个阶段。当刀具处于"初期磨损"时,TC11铣削表面粗糙度随切削时间逐渐减小,铣削表面残余应力也呈减小趋势;当刀具处于"正常磨损"阶段时,铣削表面粗糙度和铣削表面残余应力都呈增加趋势,但增加的速度平稳;当刀具进入"剧烈磨损"阶段时,铣削表面粗糙度迅速增大,表面残余应力也较前两个阶段显著增加。另外,试验过程中的TC11铣削表面残余应力均表现为压应力。     

纤维方向角对超低温冷却石英纤维复合材料铣削性能的影响

石英增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料是一种非均匀的各向异性材料,其加工性能高度依赖于纤维铺层方向与加工进给方向所成角度,即纤维方向角。本文通过一系列不同纤维方向角的干切削和超低温冷却铣削实验,研究了纤维方向角对表面形貌、表面粗糙度、铣削力及刀具磨损的影响。结果表明:不同纤维方向角,剪应力形式不同,切削断屑形式也不同。纤维方向角为锐角时铣削表面质量均良好,但当纤维方向角增大到90°时,切削表面质量下降,切削力变化幅度增大。相同铣削时间内,在干切削工况下,刀具磨损严重,涂层脱落面积约为测量面积的70%;而在低温切削工况下,涂层未遭到严重破坏,刀具仍处于稳定磨损阶段,刀具耐用度优于干切削工况。     

基于Z-map模型的球头铣刀铣削力建模与仿真

对球头铣刀铣削力建模进行了研究。在Z-map仿真模型的基础上,提出了识别加工中参与切削的切削刃单元的方法,通过考虑刀具偏心和刀具变形对瞬时切削厚度的影响,推导出了瞬时切削厚度的表达式,由铣削力和切削负载之间的关系,建立了球头铣刀三轴铣削力仿真模型。铣削力仿真计算与铣削实验的对比表明在考虑刀具偏心和刀具变形后所建立的铣削力模型能够对铣削力进行准确的预测。     

钛合金铣削刀具/工件接触区域温度预测

钛合金（Ti-6Al-4V）因其优良的综合性能广泛应用于航空航天领域中,然而由于其导热系数低、弹性模量低等特性,铣削加工过程中刀具/工件接触区域温度过高,从而导致刀具磨损严重,影响已加工表面质量。因此研究切削过程中刀具/工件接触区域温度具有重要意义。从切削机理出发,将切削区域的3个热源等效为螺旋线热源,其中热流密度计算类比铣削力预测模型中铣削力计算方法,提出包含铣削热系数的热流密度计算模型,并通过实验标定铣削热系数,结果表明热流密度随切削厚度增加接近于线性增加。建立刀具/工件接触区域温度预测模型,通过半人工热电偶测温实验对模型的可行性与准确性进行了验证,实验值与预测值的相对误差在10%之内。提高了刀具/工件接触区域温度的计算精度,并为切削参数的合理选择提供理论基础。     

表面铜网结构CFRP铣削加工性能研究

表面铜网结构碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)作为防雷击材料在飞机制造等领域广泛应用,但铜网的加入对其加工性能产生一定的影响。通过铣削表面铜网结构CFRP试验探究了不同切削参数对铣削力和切口粗糙度的影响并观察分析了刀具的磨损形式,初步得到了其铣削加工性能评价。     

钛合金薄壁件铣削过程有限元仿真分析

钛合金薄壁件铣削过程中,刀具角度对铣削过程中的工件变形、铣削力、铣削振动等影响显著。为减轻刀具磨损延长刀具寿命,通过ABAQUS软件建立钛合金Ti6Al4V薄壁件铣削过程仿真模型,以铣削力和铣削温度为评价指标,采用单因素和正交法分析了刀具前角、后角及螺旋角对铣削力和铣削温度的影响规律,并对铣削力仿真结果进行试验验证。仿真结果表明:前角增大,铣削力减小,铣削温度呈波动趋势变化;后角增大,铣削力减小,铣削温度先减小后增大;螺旋角增大,最大轴向力增大,最大切向力缓慢减小,最大径向力基本不变,铣削温度先减小后增大。通过正交试验和极差分析,明确不同因素对指标影响程度的主次顺序和因素的最优水平组合。     

TiAlN涂层刀具高速铣削GH4169刀具磨损形貌及机理分析

针对难加工镍基高温合金GH4169切削过程中刀具磨损严重、加工效率低下、成本高等问题,使用新型PVD-TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀具高速铣削GH4169,获得了刀具的磨损形貌.采用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观测了刀具的磨损形貌,通过能谱分析仪(EDS)分析了磨损刀具表面的元素分布,并对刀具的主要磨损机理进行了分析.结果表明:TiAlN涂层刀具高速铣削GH4169时,刀具的磨损形态主要表现为微崩刃、微裂纹和剥落,刀具的磨损机理主要为粘结磨损、氧化磨损和扩散磨损.     

基于域对抗门控网络的变工况刀具磨损精确预测方法

刀具磨损的精确预测对保证零件加工质量、提高生产效率和降低制造成本具有重要作用。在实际加工过程中,切削参数、刀具几何参数、刀具材料等工况复杂多变,工况信息和刀具磨损量对监测信号的耦合作用为刀具磨损的精确预测带来了很大挑战。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于域对抗门控网络（DAGNN）的变工况刀具磨损精确预测方法。引入工况分类网络并利用无磨损量标签样本,通过域对抗和门控过滤机制自适应地从不同工况的原始监测信号中提取表征刀具磨损且对工况变化不敏感的关键信号特征。对信号特征提取网络和刀具磨损预测网络进行迭代优化,从而实现变工况刀具磨损的精确预测。实验结果表明：相比已有的方法,本文方法能够利用少量带磨损量标签的目标工况样本实现刀具材料和刀具直径变化情况下的刀具磨损量精确预测,预测精度大幅提高。     

Tool Materials Rapid Selection Based on Initial Wear

Based on a large amount of literature about tool wear research, 873 tool wear curves are taken as samples, and statistical analysis is carried out to select the most suitable tool from all the tool materials suggested by the tool manufacturers. Statistical relationships between the initial wear and uniform wear periods are obtained. The results show that there is qualitative relationship between wear rate during initial wear period (WRIWP) and wear rate in uniform wear period (WRUWP) to certain extent. On this basis, a tool material rapid selection method based on the initial wear is put forward, and suitable tool materials for machining titanium alloy are selected. The experimental results indicate that this method is effective and useful. The new tool materials rapid selection can be used to select suitable cutting tool materials quickly before carrying out systematic machinability tests with the most suitable tool materials. The technology can be applied to doing the initial selection of cutting tool materials in either the machinability research or the workshop production.     

Tool wear during high speed turning in situ TiCp/TiBw hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite

Chipping, adhesive wear, abrasive wear and crater wear are prevalent for both the polycrystalline diamond(PCD) and the carbide tools during high speed turning of TiC_p/TiB_w hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V(TC4) matrix composite(TMCs). The combined effects of abrasive wear and diffusion wear caused the big crater on PCD and carbide tool rake face. Compared to the PCD, bigger size of crater was found on the carbide tool due to much higher cutting temperature and the violent chemical reaction between the Ti element in the workpiece and the WC in the tool.However, the marks of the abrasive wear looked much slighter or even could not be observed on the carbide tool especially when low levels of cutting parameters were used, which attributes to much lower hardness and smaller size of WC combined with more significant chemical degradation of carbide. When cutting TC4 using PCD tool, notch wear was the most significant wear pattern which was not found when cutting the TMCs. However, chipping, adhesive wear and crater wear were much milder when compared to the cutting of titanium matrix composite. Due to the absence of abrasive wear when cutting TC4, the generated titanium carbide on the PCD protected the tool from fast wear, which caused that the tool life for TC4 was 6–10 times longer than that for TMCs.     

钛合金TB6刀具磨损铣削实验研究

使用硬质合金刀具对钛合金TB6进行正交铣削实验,对比分析不同切削参数下的刀具磨损情况,并用实验结果进行回归分析得到刀具磨损的回归公式。结果表明:刀具主要磨损在后刀面,其磨损大都呈现一条带状磨损带,在速度增大时大磨损带变长,刀具易发生脆性破损,且在刀具表面会出现钛合金粘连;对刀具耐用度的影响大小依次为切削速度、进给量、切削宽度和切削深度;刀具磨损回归方程具有良好的回归方差,能够很好的对刀具寿命进行预测。     

基于多参量状态信息融合的刀具磨损状态智能识别

鉴于刀具磨损监控在自动化生产中的重要性,建立了基于切削力和基于相对切削时间的两种磨损检测模型．切削力模型是利用回归算法和模糊分类技术建立的,通过检测切削力信号可在线识别刀具磨损状态．基于相对切削时间模型利用回归技术直接建立刀具磨损量与切削参数及时间的关系,可在较大的切削条件变化范围内实现对刀具磨损的识别．     

Evaluation of tool wear and cutting performance considering effects of dynamic nodes movement based on FEM simulation

An accurate estimation of tool wear morphology can provide the opportunity to investigate the influence of tool wear on cutting performance as well as reduce the overall production cost. However, tool wear prediction is still a very challenging research issue. In this paper, a novel method for simulating the actual chip formation and wear evolution thorough the 3D finite element model has been carried out. In order to improve the accuracy of simulation results, the influence of worn tool, stress and temperature distribution on wear rate are considered. Then cutting experiment has been conducted by turning AISI1045 with uncoated carbide tools to validate the accuracy of the proposed model. The comparison between experimental and simulation results show good agreement which proves the ability of the proposed model in forecasting the tool wear. The validated finite element model has been further utilized studying how the worn tool affects the cutting performance including actual cutting rake, stress distribution, cutting force and temperature. The results of this paper not only provide a clear understanding of wear evolution between tool rake face and chip, but also are meaningful to optimize tool design and cutting parameters.     

Gaussian process regression model incorporated with tool wear mechanism

Cutting tool condition directly affects machining quality and efficiency. In order to avoid severely worn tools used during machining process and fully release the remaining useful life in the meanwhile, a reliable evaluation method of remaining useful life of cutting tools is quite necessary.Due to the variation of cutting conditions, it is a challenge to predict remaining useful life of cutting tools by a unified model. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a method for predictin...     

Effects of fiber orientation on tool wear evolution and wear mechanism when cutting carbon fiber reinforced plastics

The aim of the present paper is to reveal the influence of different fiber orientations on the tool wear evolution and wear mechanism. Side-milling experiments with large-diameter milling tools are conducted. A finite element (FE) cutting model of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is established to get insight into the cutting stress status at different wear stages. The results show that different fiber orientations bring about distinct differences in the extent, profile and mechanism of tool wear. Severer wear occurs when cutting 45° and 90° plies, followed by 0°, correspondingly, the least wear is obtained when θ = 135° (θ represents the orientation of fibers). Moreover, the worn profiles of cutting tools when θ = 0° and 45° are waterfall edge, while round edge occurs when θ = 135° and a combined shape of waterfall and round edge is obtained when θ = 90°. The wear mechanisms under different fiber orientations are strongly dependent on the cutting stress distributions. The evolution of tool wear profile is basically consistent with the stress distribution on the tool surface at different wear stages, and the extent of tool wear is determined by the magnitude of stress on the tool surface. Besides, the worn edges produce an actual negative clearance angle, which decreases the actual cutting thickness and leads to compressing and bending failure of fibers beneath the cutting region as well as low surface qualities.