Large-size space debris flyby in low earth orbits

the analysis of NORAD catalogue of space objects executed with respect to the overall sizes of upper-stages and last stages of carrier rockets allows the classification of 5 groups of large-size space debris (LSSD). These groups are defined according to the proximity of orbital inclinations of the involved objects. The orbits within a group have various values of deviations in the Right Ascension of the Ascending Node (RAAN). It is proposed to use the RAANs deviations' evolution portrait to clarify the orbital planes’ relative spatial distribution in a group so that the RAAN deviations should be calculated with respect to the concrete precessing orbital plane of the concrete object. In case of the first three groups (inclinations i = 71°, i = 74°, i = 81°) the straight lines of the RAAN relative deviations almost do not intersect each other. So the simple, successive flyby of group’s elements is effective, but the significant value of total ΔV is required to form drift orbits. In case of the fifth group (Sun-synchronous orbits) these straight lines chaotically intersect each other for many times due to the noticeable differences in values of semi-major axes and orbital inclinations. The intersections’ existence makes it possible to create such a flyby sequence for LSSD group when the orbit of one LSSD object simultaneously serves as the drift orbit to attain another LSSD object. This flyby scheme requiring less ΔV was called “diagonal.” The RAANs deviations’ evolution portrait built for the fourth group (to be studied in the paper) contains both types of lines, so the simultaneous combination of diagonal and successive flyby schemes is possible. The value of total ΔV and temporal costs were calculated to cover all the elements of the 4th group. The article is also enriched by the results obtained for the flyby problem solution in case of all the five mentioned LSSD groups. The general recommendations are given concerned with the required reserve of total ΔV and with amount of detachable de-orbiting units onboard the maneuvering platform and onboard the refueling vehicle.     

约束条件下的Halo轨道转移轨道设计

平动点任务的转移轨道往往存在约束条件,以往的研究集中于无约束条件下的Halo轨道转移轨道设计,研究约束条件下的Halo轨道的转移轨道设计问题.首先分析了平动点任务转移轨道的约束条件,然后给出了一种约束条件下Halo轨道转移轨道设计的一般方法,重点推导了考虑轨道高度、航迹角、轨道倾角、升交点约束的微分修正公式.然后以日地L,点附近的Halo轨道为目标轨道,在约束条件下设计了其转移轨道,仿真结果验证了本文方法的有效性.     

Electrodynamic Control with Distributed Delay for AES Stabilization in an Equatorial Orbit

Cosmic Research - A satellite with an electrodynamic stabilization system is considered. To solve the problem of triaxial stabilization of an artificial satellite in an arbitrary position in the...     

美、俄航天器与"国际空间站"交会的轨道分析

发射航天器与"国际空间站"进行交会对接是美国和俄罗斯两国常规性的航天活动,在每次这类飞行的全过程中因特网的有关网站都将北美航天防空司令部(NORAD)追踪测量得到的航天器的轨道根数予以公布。据此对2005年7月美国航天飞机与"国际空间站"的交会对接以及2006年3-4月俄罗斯的联盟TMA-8载人飞船与"国际空间站"的交会对接过程的轨道进行了分析。     

State transition matrix approximation with geometry preservation for general perturbed orbits

This paper presents a method for approximating the state transition matrix for orbits around a primary body and subject to arbitrary perturbations. The primary objective of this method is to provide an accurate state transition matrix for orbits with realistic perturbations, which has a sufficiently simple form for implementation onboard spacecraft. The averaging method is employed to isolate the high and low frequency spectra of the perturbation terms, and construct a functional form of the approximate state transition matrix composed only of elementary analytic functions. In addition to the methodology of the approximation, it is shown that the symplectic property, which is a fundamental mathematical structure of Hamiltonian systems, can be incorporated into this method. This not only reduces the number of parameters required for approximations but also makes it possible to preserve the physically true structure of the state transition matrix. The resulting state transition matrix approximation is valid for tens of orbital revolutions without having to update the parameters. Numerical simulations show that this method is valid for arbitrary eccentricity orbits with semimajor axis ranging from LEO up to around 10 Earth radii when applied to Earth orbits.     

Six-impulse maneuvers for rendezvous of spacecraft in near-circular noncoplanar orbits

The problem of a rendezvous of two spacecraft in close near-circular noncoplanar orbits is considered. The angles of applying velocity impulses and their orientation are determined from necessary conditions of optimality derived using the basis vector theory. For non-degenerate six-impulse solutions the analytical formulas are found that approximate the dependence of moments of applying velocity impulses and angles determining their orientation on the rendezvous duration. The total characteristic velocity of six-impulse solutions (or five-impulse solutions derived from them) is compared to the total characteristic velocity obtained when solving the Lambert problem.     

大范围轨道机动的燃料消耗优化方法

针对航天器大范围轨道交会提出了二冲量燃料最省机动方案的数值寻优算法及多冲量机动方案的啸声境遗传算法.利用共面圆\椭圆轨道间的转移实例对两种算法正确小生境遗传算法.利用共面圆\椭圆轨道间的转移实例对两种算法正确性进行了验证,通过仿真实验,比较了大范围交会轨道机动中不同冲量次数对总燃料消耗的影响,分析得出了非共面轨道交会机动时燃料最省的指导性方案.     

伪谱法在SGKW轨道快速优化中的应用

天基对地打击动能武器(SGKW)用于从太空对地面高价值战略目标进行快速、准确的打击.针对作战实时性要求,探讨了基于伪谱法的SGKW轨道快速优化技术,该方法的实质是将最优控制问题转化为非线性规划问题.为了提高优化计算的快速性,提出了轨道分段生成的策略,即首先根据参考配点获得满足落点要求的再入点参数,再将求得的再入点参数作为终端约束并运用序列二次规划算法对过渡段进行优化.仿真结果验证了上述方案的有效性.     

高轨卫星锂离子蓄电池组自主管理系统设计

针对高轨卫星锂离子蓄电池组在轨管理问题,文章在分析锂离子蓄电池组特性及在轨使用需求的基础上,提出了锂离子蓄电池组自主管理系统的设计,并在某高轨卫星上进行了验证。根据在轨数据,从工作模式转换、充放电管理、均衡管理、搁置管理等方面对管理系统的验证情况进行总结。提出的自主管理系统可为后续高轨卫星锂离子蓄电池组自主管理系统的设计提供参考。     

Quasioptimal control with feedback for multiorbit low-thrust transfer between noncoplanar elliptic and circular orbits

The problem of synthesizing stable feedback control is considered based on solving the problem of time minimization for a multiorbit transfer between noncoplanar elliptic and circular orbits in a Newtonian gravitational field. The problem is solved using asymptotic properties and symmetries of optimal control in the unperturbed problem. Stability of the obtained control against external perturbations, deviations of initial conditions, and errors in thrust vector realizations is demonstrated. The obtained quasioptimal control with feedback can be used as an onboard algorithm of spacecraft control and when performing design and ballistic analysis.     

SR107-ZK白漆在轨飞行性能退化分析

根据北斗一号卫星天线在轨的实际飞行温度,反推出了SR107-ZK白漆的太阳吸收比αs退化曲线,并根据该曲线外推,得到了8年寿命末期的太阳吸收比αs,预测了卫星寿命末期天线反射面的最高温度。     

航天器在轨全周期热变形分析方法

提出一种适应于在轨全周期热变形的分析方法,采用基于热传导算法进行热分析模型-结构分析模型全周期温度场映射,利用数学拟合算法开展对各类结果数据的分析,通过相关程序实现全周期多工况温度场映射、计算、数据分析的自动化。对某遥感卫星进行全周期热变形分析,结果表明:全周期温度场映射时间由天缩短至小时量级,温度场映射精度可控制在1%以内,相对于以往基于极端工况的热变形分析方法,可显著地提升分析精度与验证覆盖性,获得在轨热变形量级、全周期变化规律。文章的研究结果可为航天器热稳定设计提供参考。     

Feasibility of using statellites in non-equatorial 24-hour circular orbits for communications

The early sixties witnessed the debate among competing candidate orbits that led to the emergence of perfect geostationary systems as virtually the sole “instruments” for satellite communication. The subsequent problem of overcrowding of geostationary ring on one hand and explosive growth in demand on communication capacity on the other led comsat experts to focus on the alternate routes through various near-earth and medium attitude satellite constellations later proposed for uninterrupted communication. However, the opportunities thrown up by quasi-stationary orbits for augmentation of the space communication capacity have gone abegging. This paper attempts to draw attention of communication satellite designers/planners to the immense potential for utilization of the non-equatorial, 24-hour circular orbits for communication. For the proposed quasi-stationary orbits, the change and/or control of the inclination of the plane is not envisaged in the launch and/or operational phase. The resulting significant payload weight advantage is associated with the problem of periodic as well as secular apparent angular satellite drift relative to the ground terminal. However, the problem may be largely overcome through controlled satellite tilting using solar radiation pressure or through the use of tethered auxiliary mass attachment. Alternatively, it may be possible to overcome the attitude control problem by the use of systems such as on-bard electronically steerable phased array antenna capable of following the line-of-sight to the co-operative ground station.     

Fourth-order theories for orbit predictions for low- and high-eccentricity orbits in an oblate atmosphere with scale height dependent on altitude

Two new fourth-order non-singular analytical theories for the motion of near-Earth satellite orbits with air drag are developed for low- and high-eccentricity orbits in an oblate atmosphere with variation of density scale height with altitude. Uniformly regular Kustaanheimo–Stiefel (KS) canonical elements are utilized for low-eccentricity orbits and KS element equations are employed for high-eccentricity orbits. Only two of the nine equations are solved analytically to compute the state vector and change in energy at the end of each revolution, due to symmetry in the equations of motion. The analytical solutions are compared with the numerically integrated values up to 100 revolutions, and found to be quite accurate over a wide range of eccentricity, perigee height and inclination.     

空间多层打孔隔热材料热分析及性能研究

分析了空间多层打孔隔热材料中导热和辐射的复合传热问题，建立了反射屏的能量方程。结合有限差分法，提出了空间多层打孔隔热材料反射屏温度计算的模型以及内部辐射数值分析模型。分析了层密度、打孔率、反射屏表面黑度和反射屏厚度等主要的多层打孔隔热材料参数对材料隔热性能的影响。该材料性能的研究对提高空间多层打孔隔热材料的隔热效果，实现材料的优化设计具有积极的指导意义。     

倾角偏置太阳同步轨道的地面轨迹保持方法

为在倾角偏置条件下保持太阳同步轨道卫星的地面轨迹,在考虑地球扁率摄动、大气阻力摄动和太阳引力谐振等主要影响因素,以及卫星地面轨迹允许漂移范围的基础上,采用主动超调与被动控制结合的策略,提出了一种初始半长轴偏置后的卫星地面轨迹保持方法。分析了半长轴和倾角摄动变化率,以及初始半长轴和倾角偏置量对地面轨迹漂移的影响。仿真结果表明,该法可基本满足设计阶段的精度要求。     

自主交会对接绕飞轨道的双冲量控制改进算法

绕飞轨道控制是追踪器与非合作目标进行自主交会对接的关键技术。本文针对同轨道平面的绕飞问题,根据双冲量轨道逼近动力学特性,将绕飞轨道分解为两个逼近轨道,采用有摄动情况下双冲量轨道逼近改进算法实现绕飞轨道控制。绕飞控制时,在轨道误差范围内,数次冲量累计同时施加,减少由于单次冲量小而造成的较大相对误差。最后进行了数学仿真,仿真结果表明该算法能实现绕飞轨道控制,具有设计简单、燃料消耗少的特点。     

太阳同步轨道卫星太阳电池阵在轨特性分析

卫星太阳电池阵的在轨特性主要受太阳入射角、地日距离因子、温度、星体遮挡、地球反照和衰减因素的影响。文章利用某太阳同步轨道卫星在轨数据,分析得出太阳电池阵输出功率的变化规律,并利用归一化处理方法,得出地球反照、星体遮挡、衰减因素对太阳电池阵输出功率的影响规律。文章的研究成果也适用于其他太阳同步轨道卫星,可为后续同类太阳电池阵的优化设计提供参考。     

空间飞行器交会对接相对位置和姿态的在轨自检校光学成像测量算法

空间飞行器交会对接的最后逼近阶段，通常采用光学成像敏感器来测量跟踪飞行器和目标飞行器之间的相对位置和姿态。考虑到飞行器在轨运行期间，CCD相机受空间环境的影响，其内参数会发生变化的实际情况，提出了一种单CCD在轨自检校光学测量方案，其主要特点是飞行器在执行测量任务时，可同时进行相机内参数的自检校。首先根据严格的中心投影共线条件方程，推导出目标飞行器光学特征点坐标和对应的像点坐标与内参数及相对位置和姿态的严格解析关系；然后建立了内参数及相对位置和姿态的解析表达式；提出了目标航天器上光学特征点的布设要求。通过严格的理论分析和数值仿真，单CCD在轨自检校光学测量方案具有可靠性高、精度高、算法易实现、适应能力强等优点。     

An attitude control approach for compensation of satellite drift in elliptic synchronous orbits

This paper explores the possibility of developing a new attitude control method for satellites in elliptic, 24-hour orbits, in order to compensate for the effect of longitudinal periodic drift relative to the ground station. A simple solar attitude control technique has been proposed for achieving the fixed apparent satellite orientation with respect to the ground segment of the space mission. The proposed control approach appears to be quite attractive for various satellite applications as it can substantially overcome the problems created by the continual periodic angular drift as well as undesirable pitching excitation in the elliptic orbits. Generalizing the analytically developed open-loop control policy results in a significant improvement of the controller performance.