改进的柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制备四方相纳米尺寸钛酸钡粉体

柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制备钛酸钡粉体具有操作简单、粉体粒度细小、生产成本低的特点,但是制备过程中胶体的稳定性很难控制,限制了其方法的发展.根据胶体的形成机理和条件,对目前的研究工艺进行优化,制备过程中不引入H 和NO3-,在提高胶体稳定性的基础上,于700℃左右煅烧获得了各向同性、粒径约20nm的四方相BaTiO3粉体,解决了普遍存在的BaTiO3粉体粒径细小与四方相的矛盾,煅烧温度也较常规方法明显降低.     

反铁电陶瓷PLZST纳米粉的制备研究

利用溶胶-水热法制备了PLZST纳米粉,并研究了反应温度、铅过量等因素对产物的影响.溶胶处理确实可以降低制备温度.利用XRD 分析了粉体的结晶性, XRF分析了粉体的化学组成,SEM观察了粉体的形貌以及SAXS测定了粉体的粒度分布.研究发现,经一般超声分散的粉体的颗粒呈球形,而不经分散的粉体颗粒成矩形,表现出自组装的倾向性.     

纳米CeO2粉体的制备及其发光性能研究

以氨水和硝酸铈为反应原料,采用沉淀滴定法制备了纳米CeO2粉体,通过XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对其进行了结构表征和形貌分析;考察了不同溶剂、煅烧温度等对其颗粒尺寸的影响;应用荧光光谱法测试了其发光光谱,首次探讨了纳米CeO2粉体的发光性能。结果表明,前驱体经过300～700℃煅烧后可以得到颗粒尺寸为4-30nm的立方萤石结构CeO2晶体,其形貌接近于球形。在无水乙醇溶剂中得到的纳米CeO2颗粒分散较好,其颗粒尺寸随煅烧温度的升高而增大。纳米CeO2粉体具有良好的蓝光发光性能,在276nm的激发波长作用下,其发射光谱的最大峰值为473nm。     

蜂窝夹层结构吸波材料浸渍胶液体系的研究

本文对组成浸渍胶液体系的基本成分(基料及吸收剂)及其制备工艺对吸收剂导电结构的影响进行了研究,并总结出了影响吸波性能的基本规律。     

用硫化铵制备纳米二硫化钼固体润滑剂微粒

以钼酸铵和硫化铵为原料,通过化学沉淀法制备了前驱体三硫化钼.再经过氢气份脱硫制备了纳米二硫化钼固体润滑剂微粒.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、激光粒度分析仪和X射线衍射(XRD)对粉体粒子形貌、大小和相结构进行了分析.结果表明:制备纳米二硫化钼微粒的条件为pH值为6.0.煅烧温度为500℃,保温时间为30min,所得微粒粒径为20～40 nm左右的球形颗粒.     

前驱体法制备Ta4HfC5超纯超细纳米粉体

利用实验室自制铪酸酯和钽酸酯为原料,经水解缩合后得到了含铪钽元素的聚合物PHT,引入酚醛(PF)作为C源,制备了Ta_4HfC_5前驱体,经固化、高温裂解后,获得了超纯超细Ta_4HfC_5纳米粉体。通过XRD、元素分析和SEM对不同工艺条件下陶瓷产物的晶相组成和微观形貌进行了表征;对陶瓷粉体进行了粒度分析。结果表明,合成的前驱体结构稳定,常温避光储存3个月后黏度几乎没有变化,对于复材加工的工艺适应性良好。在酚醛用量3.25 wt%(以PHT质量分数100%计算)、煅烧温度为1 450℃、保温时间为1.5 h的合成条件下,可以得到纯相的Ta_4HfC_5粉体,晶粒尺寸为25～50 nm,粒径分布在100～200 nm之间,Dv(50)=136 nm。     

改进草酸盐共沉淀法制备钛酸钡超细粉体的研究

根据传统的草酸盐共沉淀法合成超细BaTiO3粉末易产生偏离四方相的特点,提出了一种改进的草酸盐共沉淀法制备BaTiO3粉体的方法.利用改进的草酸盐共沉淀法在700℃制备出了各向同性的四方相纳米尺寸的BaTiO3粉体,煅烧温度比常规的草酸盐共沉淀法降低了100℃左右;粉体平均粒径约30nm,颗粒均匀,且制备出的粉体具有良好的热稳定性.     

Gd2SiO5纳米粉体的并流化学共沉淀法合成

以Gd₂O₃和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原材料,采用并流化学共沉淀法合成Gd₂SiO₅粉体材料。研究Gd₂SiO₅前驱体的热响应特征、Gd₂SiO₅粉体的物相组成和微观形貌,并对Gd₂SiO₅粉体的合成机理进行初步探讨。结果表明:前驱体的低Gd/Si摩尔比和反应体系的高pH值会导致Gd₂SiO₅粉体生成Gd_9.33(SiO₄)₆O₂杂质相,相反则会导致生成Gd2O3杂质相。当Gd/Si摩尔比为20∶11、pH值为9~10、合成温度为1000~1300℃时,合成的粉体纯度较高,Gd₂SiO₅颗粒呈不规则形貌特征,平均粒度为100~200 nm。Gd₂SiO₅合成过程中,前驱体以一种—[Si—O—Gd]—网络结构存在,在煅烧过程中逐渐转化为Gd₂SiO₅晶体以及Gd_9.33(SiO₄)₆O₂和Gd₂O₃杂相。     

氮气压力对自蔓延燃烧法合成AlN的影响

以铝粉、NH4F为原料,Nb为添加剂,在N2压力小于0.5 MPa条件下,用高温SHS成功地合成了AlN粉体。研究了添加剂和N2压力对燃烧合成的影响,运用TG/DSC考察了粉末原料的氮化过程,采用XRD、SEM对粉体的物相、显微形貌进行观察表征。研究结果表明,当Al/NH4F=4,在添加剂Nb的作用下,合成的AlN粉体颗粒分布均匀、氧含量低且具有良好结晶形态;在反应前、中期,合适N2压力有助于提高粉体的转化率。     

沉积温度对水热电泳沉积硅酸锆涂层显微结构和性能的影响

以硅酸锆粉体为原料,异丙醇为溶剂,采用水热电泳沉积法在C/C-SiC复合材料基体表面制备了硅酸锆外涂层.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对涂层的晶相结构和微观形貌进行表征.研究了沉积温度对硅酸锆涂层沉积量及显微结构的影响,及不同沉积温度下涂层的沉积动力学,同时测试了涂层的抗氧化性能.结果表明:在353...     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。