航空铁磁材料磁记忆检测新方法

 为提高现有磁记忆检测方法的可靠性,充分考虑各向磁记忆信号分量特征,提出法向和切向相结合的磁记忆检测新方法,对航空铁磁材料18CrNi4A试件在不同拉伸载荷下同时采集法向和切向两个方向上的磁记忆信号,并对信号进行小波包滤波处理后取李萨如图,用图中封闭区域出现的位置判断应力集中部位,用封闭区域面积的大小判断应力集中程度,研究磁记忆信号法向分量和切向分量联合检测材料的应力状态。结果表明:对该材料试件磁记忆信号法向分量和切向分量进行小波包降噪方法切实可行,处于应力集中试件的磁记忆信号反映在李萨如图上会出现封闭区域,并且随着应力集中程度的增大,李萨如图上封闭区域的面积有增大趋势,材料出现明显屈服后,面积增大得更加明显。该方法具有一定的工程实际应用价值。     

高周疲劳损伤的磁记忆二维检测研究

 对40Cr钢缺口试件在三级应力水平下进行了高周疲劳试验和磁记忆二维检测(2-D MMMT),并引入李萨如图分析方法,研究应力集中、疲劳损伤及疲劳应力对二维磁信号的影响规律,分析李萨如图特征值与疲劳损伤程度之间的关系。结果表明:在应力集中部位会出现磁记忆法向分量过零点及切向分量峰值的现象,并且该现象的位置随着疲劳损伤程度的增加产生漂移,逐渐向缺口根部靠拢;可利用磁记忆信号切向分量梯度K曲线异变峰特征来表征构件损伤位置;磁记忆信号切向分量梯度最大值随疲劳损伤程度的增大而增加;磁记忆信号梯度K曲线形成的李萨如图闭合区域面积与疲劳损伤程度有较好的对应关系。梯度最大值可作为反映构件损伤程度的特征量,根据李萨如图面积可以判断构件疲劳损伤状态。     

构件低周疲劳损伤的金属磁记忆检测试验研究

对18CrNi4A钢缺口试件在三级应力水平下进行了低周疲劳试验和磁记忆信号检测,研究应力集中、疲劳损伤及疲劳应力对磁信号的影响规律。结果表明,利用磁信号Hp(y)曲线突变特征和磁信号梯度K曲线异变峰特征可表征试件损伤位置;采用H′p(y)=Hp(y)N-Hp(y)0的磁信号处理方式,磁信号H′p(y)曲线过零点与试件断裂位置重合,处理后的磁信号过零法可更有效的表征试件损伤位置;磁信号梯度Kmax值随疲劳损伤程度的增加而逐渐增加,反映了构件疲劳损伤程度,可表征试件疲劳损伤程度;磁信号与疲劳应力水平存在强烈的相关性,应力水平越大,磁信号值也越大。     

磁记忆检测力-磁效应微观机理的试验研究

铁磁材料在地磁场环境中受载荷的作用,其内部会发生具有磁致伸缩性质的磁畴组织定向和不可逆的重新取向.将去应力退火后的20钢和45钢压缩试件分别施加不同载荷并制作成金相观察试样,利用粉纹法观察受力程度不同的试件的磁畴结构,然后,对比同种材料不同载荷试样的磁畴结构照,分析不同残余应力对磁畴的影响.试验表明:未受力或应力集中较小时,晶粒内磁畴以片状畴为主,同一晶粒内畴壁相互平行,随着应力集中程度的增加,磁畴结构出现迷宫畴.且应力集中程度越大,迷宫畴个数越多,同时畴壁长度和间距发生改变.     

航空铁磁构件磁记忆检测技术的应用

探讨了磁记忆检测技术在起落架等航空铁磁构件疲劳试验中应力集中部位检测的应用,为航空铁磁构件应力集中部位的早期诊断提供了可行的无损检测方法。     

一种二维耦合模型机动目标跟踪算法

针对雷达跟踪固定翼飞机的单目标跟踪问题,提出了一种新的二维耦合运动模型。该方法把切向加速度和法向加速度作为状态变量,给出了切向加速度和法向加速度为常值时解析计算状态转移的方法。该模型可以较好地一步预测目标加速度的变化,而且法向和切向加速度的过程噪声可以分别设置。利用该耦合模型的滤波方法,显著地改善了滤波效果,尤其是对加速度的估计。     

基于磁记忆技术对含缺陷焊缝的疲劳试验

对含有不同隐形损伤的40Cr焊板进行射线检测、疲劳试验和正交磁记忆信号测量，探索试件在疲劳应力作用下磁记忆信号的变化特征。试验结果表明：单一测量方式下的磁特征值不能表征焊板在疲劳循环载荷下的变化特征，所得结论存在偶然性；研究发现，可用磁场矢量梯度积分特征和磁场矢量合成梯度特征来评价焊板的疲劳损伤过程，并建立了以磁场矢量梯度特征为损伤参量的疲劳损伤模型，从而可以对含有隐形损伤焊接构件的疲劳寿命进行定量评估，为金属磁记忆技术在焊接缺陷定量评价上的进一步研究提供参考依据。     

应力状态对磁记忆信号的影响

 通过对20#钢试件拉伸时表面磁场的在线测量和20#钢试件经过不同程度拉伸并卸载后的表面磁场的测量,研究应力状态对磁记忆信号的影响。20#钢进行拉伸试验时,在应力集中部位,当变形很小时磁场信号变化平缓;产生一定程度塑性变形后磁场信号变化相对剧烈;出现颈缩现象时磁场信号变化非常剧烈。经分析认为,磁记忆信号的变化与材料内部微观组织的状态有关,试件变形很小时,磁弹性效应对试件表面磁场的变化起主要作用;试件变形较大时,其表面磁场的变化主要受塑性变形区内位错聚集产生的微缺陷的影响。     

铁磁构件残余寿命评估方法

 为研究磁记忆检测技术评估铁磁材料早期损伤的可行性,以磁记忆检测技术为手段,对40Cr钢三点弯曲SE(B)试样进行了常温疲劳裂纹扩展试验,分别测量了试样在相同载荷条件下不同循环周次N时的磁场数据。定义了一种新的磁记忆特征参量,分析并探讨了疲劳裂纹扩展过程中该特征参量的阶段性特征,结果表明该特征参量较传统的磁记忆特征参量变化明显。通过分析磁记忆信号与裂纹扩展寿命、累积疲劳损伤之间的关系,建立了基于磁记忆信号的损伤参量模型,利用该模型可以很好地评估材料的残余寿命,可为磁记忆检测技术在铁磁性材料早期损伤以及残余寿命评估方面的应用提供借鉴作用。     

CATIA软件在模锻设计中的应用

传统的模锻件图、锻模图和冲切模图是用二维软件绘制的,绘制周期长而且不直观。尤其是复杂形状的模锻件图的设计过程更是一个长周期、低质量和高成本的过程。为了适应现代生产,将三维实体设计软件CATIA应用到模锻件图及锻模图和冲切模图的设计中,一方面提高了产品设计工艺的技术水平,另一方面也适应了锻模和冲切模数控加工的需要。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.