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针对驾驶员操纵舰载机着舰的任务,建立一个在菲涅尔透镜光学助降系统(FLOLS)下的改进的驾驶员模型。在人工着舰时,飞行员驾驶飞机对下滑轨迹跟踪为基础,对驾驶员控制飞机的增益进行自适应控制的改进,对驾驶员在FLOLS光学引导下的视觉感受模型进行模糊控制的改进。结合舰载机动力学特性对舰载机着舰任务进行仿真。仿真结果表明了模型的合理性,可为飞行员操纵着舰提供参考。 相似文献
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舰载机综合复飞决策研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
舰载机在着舰过程中,由于种种干扰偏离理想下滑轨迹后,飞行员必须及时准确地作出复飞决策并采取相应的动作。针对这一问题,对已有的复飞下边界准则进行了进一步的完善,并推导和确定了复飞上边界准则。然后首次将基于小扰动动力学模型的着舰系统与基于终端预估方程的复飞决策系统相结合,设计了基于改进型复飞边界准则的综合复飞决策系统,得到了相应的综合复飞区及复飞边界,并针对不同着舰情况对综合复飞决策系统进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该系统能够及时判断出舰载机是否进入复飞区,复飞是否安全,从而大大提高了舰载机的着舰效率和着舰安全性。 相似文献
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飞机座舱显示控制系统作为人机接口,一直是航空工效学关注的对象,提高飞机座舱显示控制系统的可视性和方便操作性,是其设计时所要追求的目标。综合近年来飞机座舱显示控制界面的相关研究现状,创建一种飞机座舱显示控制界面设计方法,并探讨软件设计中涉及到的一些关键技术。该方法集成在 C++系统 中,在飞机座舱设计的各个阶段分别引入飞行员三维人体几何模型和运动学模型;结合视景仿真建模理论和相 关软件,实现飞行视景及座舱显示控制界面的开发;提出飞机座舱显示控制界面设计的综合评价方法,以及各 种评价指标的筛选与评价体系的确立。该显示控制界面设计方法能够通过模拟飞行员的操作动作与计算视 角、可达性、操纵力等参数,较好地反映出飞行员的运动学和动力学特性,提高了界面友好性、操作直观性、简便性。 相似文献
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针对舰载机着舰侧向控制难度较大的问题,借鉴美国海军的“魔毯”(MAGIC CARPET)着舰的先进理念,提出了 1种新的着舰控制方法,即侧向轨迹增量控制。首先,分别从理论上分析了侧向常规控制、侧向轨迹增量控制的控制结构和着舰性能;然后,对 HUD显示符号进行改进;最后,通过实时仿真,比较了这 2种方法的着舰控制效果。结果显示,着舰侧向轨迹增量控制具有 3个优点:1)简易,降低了飞行员的操纵频次和负担;2)直观,着舰侧向操纵更直观,侧向杆量与飞机侧偏修正速率成正比例,而且当横杆回中时飞机能自动跟踪跑道中心线的横向漂移;3)鲁棒,显著提高了对侧风和舰尾流的抑制能力,即使在飞行员不操纵的情况下,飞机也能迅速反应和抑制风干扰。因此,建议在着舰工程中采用侧向轨迹增量控制。 相似文献
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Shoucri M. Davidheiser R. Hauss B. Lee P. Mussetto M. Young S. Yujiri L. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1995,10(5):37-42
Fog and low visibility conditions have hampered aviation since its inception. Fog-related accidents are numerous, and canceled take-offs and landings due to fog and low visibility conditions (Cat III) have significant economic impact on airlines, parcel carriers and general aviation. Millimeter waves have good propagation properties in weather and give adequate spatial resolution when used to image the forward scene. Passive millimeter wave focal plane array cameras are new sensors which, integrated into future guidance and landing systems, promise to be an effective aid, or alternative, to existing technology for aircraft landings and take-offs under Cat III conditions. They can produce visual-like radiometric images at real time frame rates (up to 30 Hz), and are directly amenable to image fusion with infrared and visible images. TRW has been actively involved in developing and productizing this technology both at the hardware and the system levels 相似文献
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A simplified practical approach to determining the effects of weather on the transmission of radiation at visible, infrared (IR), and millimetre (mm) wavelengths, with particular reference to the aircraft landing problem, is outlined. Passive landing systems are studied. Landing categories related to visibility are defined. An extinction coefficient used to relate the effect of the atmosphere on the radiation detected by the human eye (or an imaging sensor onboard the aircraft) to the landing category and the calculation of this coefficient are discussed. The approach makes use of data from openly available literature. Results have been found useful in indicating the effects of adverse weather on imaging sensor performance for an enhanced vision aircraft-mounted landing system. As an example of the technique, the method of determining the extinction coefficients in fog for infrared radiation is outlined 相似文献
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低能量状态对飞行安全的危害及改出方法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对民机在进近着陆阶段可能诱发飞行事故的低能量状态和驾驶员的改出操纵方法进行了研究。根据近年的民机事故分析报告,结合运输类飞机适航标准CCAR-25-R4、飞行试验指南AC25-7C、军用规范及相关行业标准,较系统地提出了涉及着陆拉平、侧风着陆和可控撞地的低能量状态的定量判定准则。以某型支线客机为例,采用数字仿真计算的方法,分别研究了在进近着陆过程中低动能和低势能状态可能导致的飞行安全问题及其特点。针对低动能改出提出了增加速度并抑制爬升的方法,针对低势能改出提出了增大俯仰姿态并保持速度的方法,最后通过仿真计算验证了两种改出方法的有效性。研究结果可为低能量告警系统的设计和驾驶员的改出操纵培训等提供理论参考。 相似文献
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Visibility is important for the pilot controlling an aircraft in flight conditions close to the ground, particularly when landing. Therefore, poor visibility yields a great restriction for aircraft operations. Restrictions exist for landing sites which are equipped with facilities providing a landing approach aid like ILS since a minimum is required for visibility. For landing sites providing no approach aids, restrictions are much more severe. This holds even if aircraft are equipped with modern instrumentation and navigation devices. The natural view of the pilot is dependent on various meteorological conditions like darkness, dust, fog, rain etc. The degradation in view caused by these conditions can be compensated for partially or even completely by technical means providing artificial vision cues. Such technical means may be based on radar or optical sensor information. Concepts which employ these techniques are known as “Synthetic Visual Systems” or “Enhanced Visual Systems,” . The present paper is concerned with computer generated vision as a further technique providing visual cues for the pilot. Computer generated vision may be used in combination with the aforementioned sensor based techniques. Thus, it is possible to compensate for limitations which sensor based visual systems have in providing sufficient visibility range or in generating a normal looking image. In addition, computer generated imagery has the potential providing additional information to the pilot for controlling the flight path or for warning purposes. This potential can yield improved and/or more information as compared with the natural view when looking out of the cockpit window 相似文献
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All weather tactical aircraft recovery and high sortie generation rates from forward, possibly battle damaged landing areas will reqire autonomous landing guidance systems which are independent of ground-based cooperative aids. A recently completed study has examined the operational requirements and assessed current and near term technology for an answer to this need. The Landing Systems Requirements/Synthesis Study has defined the Pilot/vehicle Interface and imaging sensor suite required, based on the concept of augmenting pilot forward vision with sensor imagery and guidance symbology on a HUD during low visibility landings. Image processing technology was also assessed for potential enhancement of the information presented to the pilot. This paper summarizes the final report of the Study, which is in publication. 相似文献
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目前军机均为静态人机功能分配与设计,并未考虑人,、机状态随着作战任务的执行会发生变化,当人的作业绩效或机的能力下降,静态分配无法实现人机能力的动态互补,从而严重影响装备作战效能。通过研究国内外人机功能动态分配原理,结合装备典型任务,建立功能动态分配的触发机制、分配决策时机与分配策略,给出军机人机功能动态分配方法,实现功能在装备运行的过程中,动态地在人与机之间进行分配,使人与机有机结合,通过人机协作的方式,确保飞行员的工作负荷合理,提高安全性,满足人机综合的绩效最优。 相似文献
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由于飞机驾驶舱处于高空太阳辐射的狭小热环境中,现有的人体热舒适性评价指标无法准确评价其热舒适性。本文从人体热平衡方程出发,对人体热舒适性预测平均评价(PMV)指标中的辐射换热项进行了修正,提出了一种适用于飞机驾驶舱内部热舒适性评价的指标PMV_F(PMV for Fighter)。同时,采用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方法对驾驶舱内部气流组织进行了数值计算,并对其热舒适性进行了分析。计算结果与实验数据吻合较好,基于PMV_F指标的计算结果能够反映驾驶舱内飞行员的热舒适状况,表明该方法可以用于飞机驾驶舱的热舒适性设计与评价。 相似文献