某型航空发动机叶片逆向工程方法研究

以某航空发动机叶片为研究对象,结合叶片的曲面特征,使用三坐标测量机逆向工程采集点云数据;提出了适合于叶片曲面的最小二乘滤波降噪算法,应用滤波算法对点云数据进行降噪处理,并使用ImageWare软件完成数据的曲线曲面重构;最后从曲面质量和拟合精度两方面,分析和评价了叶片逆向工程的精度可靠性。     

Model-based orientation-independent 3-D machine vision techniques

Orientation-dependent techniques for the identification of a three-dimensional (3-D) object by a machine vision system are represented in parts. In the first part, the data consist of intensity images of polyhedral objects obtained by a single camera, while in the second part, the data consist of range images of curved objects obtained by a laser scanner. In both cases, the attributed graph representation of the 3-D object surface is used to drive the respective algorithm. In this representation, a graph node represents a surface path and a link, the adjacency between two patches. The attributes assigned to nodes are moment invariants of the corresponding face for polyhedral objects. For range images, the Gaussian curvature is used as a segmentation criterion for providing symbolic shape attributes. Identification is achieved by an efficient graph-matching algorithm used to match the graph obtained from the data to a subgraph of one of the model graphs stored in the computer memory     

基于视频图像序列的3-D场景生成方法

平面序列图像的立体化表述和任意视点成生是实现３－Ｄ场景的关键技术。利用便携式摄像机沿着不同运动轨迹,连续对目标物体进行拍摄,可获得不同层次的包含有双目视差深度的平面视点序列图像。从获取的序列图像中选择不同的视点,即选择参考帧,利用与参考帧相邻的帧图像,估计参考帧位置的深度信息。采用自适应匹配算法,将各种层次的深度信息分配给图像的不同区域,形成具有不同深度层次的图像深度表示图,建立３－Ｄ观察场景。最     

2-D wavelet image transforms extended to 3-D with applications

Mallet and Zhong [1992] have derived some elegant results on 1-D and 2-D wavelet transforms. The objective here is to extend the 2-D results of Mallet and Zhong to 3-D. Illustrated here is how these results can be applied to the feature analysis of 2-D images with time t as the third dimension. An algorithm for extending 2-D to 3-D wavelets is presented     

Filtering of moving targets using SBIR sequential frames

In this paper three-dimensional (3-D) finite-impulse response (FIR) filters are proposed for moving target detection and tracking from multiframe space-based infrared (SBIR) data. An optimal, in the l_p sense, 3-D FIR filter design technique is proposed which is suitable for the above application. This technique is the first 3-D FIR design of its kind presented in the open literature. Directional, matched, and adaptive 3-D filtering techniques are proposed. Prior to the filtering, clutter mean estimation and mean subtraction are required. Real time implementation of directional and/or matched filters for processing maneuvering targets is discussed and filter design methods are proposed. Finally, performance comparisons of the proposed and other available 3-D FIR and infinite-impulse response (IIR) filters, on real SBIR data, are presented in which the advantages of the proposed 3-D filters are shown     

气动变量参数化的压气机转子三维数值优化

采用"试验设计+响应面模型+遗传算法"的优化设计体系,结合压气机设计常用的叶片造型程序和流场模拟软件,搭建了轴流压气机叶片三维优化设计平台,并对某涡喷发动机加零级压气机的零级转子进行了优化.优化目标为极大化转子的设计点绝热效率.约束条件为流量、增压比基本不变.分别以相对气流角和气流脱轨角作为优化自变量,进行了两个算例的优化.即为与现代设计系统相接轨,不同于叶片几何参数优化,取设计中具有物理含义的气动参数作为优化自变量.优化后的绝热效率分别提高了0.82和0.73个百分点.      

An efficient 3-D near-field ISAR algorithm

This paper presents a new three-dimensional (3-D) near-field inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging technique. A 3-D ISAR image can be obtained by processing coherently the backscattered fields as a function of the frequency and two rotation angles about axes which are mutually orthogonal. Most of the existing ISAR algorithms are based on the Fourier transform and as such can tolerate only small amounts of wavefront curvature. Wavefront curvature must be taken into account when imaging an object in the near-field. Near-field ISAR imaging of large objects using a direct Fourier inversion may result in images which are increasingly unfocused at points which are more distant from the center of rotation. An algorithm based on an azimuth convolution between a near-field focusing function and the frequency domain backscattered fields is discussed. This convolution is efficiently implemented by using fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques. Furthermore, in order to further alleviate the computational load of the algorithm, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the focusing function is evaluated by means of the stationary phase method. Experimental results show that this technique is precise and virtually impulse invariant     

三维翼跨音速守恒型全位势流高效差分算法的应用

本文对跨音速守恒型全位势流,用Holst的高效有限差分算法,研制出分析三维翼跨音速流的实用程序。与Holst的TWING程序不同,本文用快速保角转绘生成二维正交O型贴体坐标网格,并以此为基础构造三维贴体坐标网格,因而节省网格生成的机时。本文不仅将方法用到有中等后掠的厚翼,还提供大后掠大根梢比薄翼的计算经验。对根梢比很大,前后缘后掠角相差非常大的机翼,指出本算法的困难,并分析了困难原因。     

RNG k-ε模型数值模拟油雾燃烧流场

采用RNG(R enorm alization G roup)k-ε紊流模型对某环形燃烧室火焰筒内三维两相燃烧流场进行数值模拟。运用偏微分方程法和区域法生成贴体网格,EBU-A rrhen ius紊流燃烧模型估算化学反应速率,六通量热辐射模型估算辐射通量。在非交错网格下求解气相采用S IM PLE算法,液相采用颗粒轨道模型和PS IC算法。近壁区处理分别采用两层和三层壁面函数。计算数据与试验值比较表明,采用三层壁面函数的RNG k-ε模型更适用于模拟三维两相燃烧流场。      

非线性椭球集员滤波及其在故障诊断中的应用

 针对带有未知但有界噪声的非线性系统,提出一种椭球集员滤波算法,并将其应用于保证故障检测与隔离。对非线性状态方程和量测方程进行泰勒展开之后,通过区间分析的方法给出线性化余项存在区域的盒子外界描述。假设过程和量测噪声由盒子限界,在算法的时间更新和量测更新过程中,分别计算包含椭球与线段的向量和及椭球与带的交的次最小容积椭球。在椭球集员滤波算法的基础之上,给出传感器故障检测与隔离的方法。由于集员滤波是保证状态估计,因而基于集员滤波算法的故障检测与隔离方法也具有保证性,即如果发出故障警报,则一定有故障发生。一个二维非线性系统的例子说明了该方法的有效性。     

优化抗差自适应滤波器在深组合导航中的应用

为了提高惯性/卫星深组合导航系统的滤波性能,在抗差自适应滤波算法的 基础上,研究了一种优化抗差自适应滤波算法。该算法通过比较实际预测残差协方差矩 阵和理论协方差阵的差值来生成自适应因子,从而优化抗差自适应滤波。将所研究的算 法应用于惯性/卫星深组合导航系统, 在高动态环境下进行仿真验证, 并与常规卡尔曼 滤波、抗差自适应滤波进行比较。结果表明,优化算法能有效地控制观测异常和动态模 型异常对状态参数估值的影响,所得组合导航位置误差和速度误差明显减小,提高了组 合导航系统的滤波精度。     

加权最小二乘—卡尔曼滤波算法在动基座对准中的应用

利用卡尔曼滤波算法进行估计需要给定初始状态估计值和初始误差方差阵.通常,初始状态估计值和初始误差方差阵由经验给定,而初始状态估计值和初始误差方差阵的选取影响着卡尔曼滤波的估计精度.文中提出了加权最小二乘-卡尔曼滤波算法,并运用到惯导系统动基座初始对准中,进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,利用加权最小二乘算法可得到更加精确的卡尔曼滤波的初始状态估计值和初始误差方差阵,提高卡尔曼滤波的估计精度,进而提高了初始对准的精度.     

Optical moving target detection with 3-D matched filtering

Three-dimensional (3-D) matched filtering has been suggested as a powerful processing technique for detecting weak, moving optical targets immersed in a background noise field. The procedure requires the processing of entire sequences of frames of optical scenes containing the moving targets. The 3-D processor must be properly matched to the target signature and its velocity vector, but will simultaneously detect all targets to which it is matched. The results of a study to evaluate the 3-D processor are presented. Simulation results are reported which show the ability of the processor to detect targets well below the background level. These results demonstrate the capability and robustness of the processor, and show that the algorithms, although somewhat complicated, can be implemented readily. Some effects on the number of frames processed, target flight scenarios, and velocity and signature mismatch are also presented. The ability to detect multiple targets is demonstrated     

无人机三维航路规划技术研究及发展趋势

由于搜索空间巨大,三维航迹规划一直是航迹规划中的难点,而无人机只有进行精确的三维航迹规划才能提高低空突防的成功率。本文描述了无人机在线航路规划的影响因素,分析了无人机动力学约束及威胁场约束,探讨了无人机航路几何建模方法及三维航路规划算法的研究概况,并着重分析了三维航路规划算法如禁忌搜索、人工势场法、粒子群优化算法、Dijkstra算法及A＊算法。最后,阐述了无人机三维航路规划面临的关键问题及发展趋势。     

基于H?滤波算法的BP网络在SINS/GPS中的应用

实际系统中存在的各种不确定性和非线性将使估计精度降低、卡尔曼滤波发散。针对这些问题,文章提出了基于H∞滤波算法的BP网络自适应滤波技术,采用H∞滤波算法在线调节BP网络的权值,并应用在SISN/GPS中。仿真结果表明,该网络具有较好的鲁棒性,其精度与H∞滤波算法的精度相当。     

Adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering for satellite attitude estimation

This paper is concerned with the adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering problem for the case that the dynamics model error and the measurement model error exist simultaneously in the satellite attitude estimation system. By using Hubel-based robust filtering methodology to correct the measurement covariance formulation of cubature Kalman filter, the proposed filtering algorithm could effectively suppress the measurement model error. To further enhance this effect and reduce the impact of the dynamics model error, two different adaptively robust filtering algorithms, one with the optimal adaptive factor based on the estimated covariance matrix of the predicted residuals and the other with multiple fading factors based on strong tracking algorithm, are developed and applied for the satellite attitude estimation. The quaternion is employed to represent the global attitude parameter, and three-dimensional generalized Rodrigues parameters are introduced to define the local attitude error. A multiplicative quaternion error is derived from the local attitude error to maintain quaternion normalization constraint in the filter. Simulation results indicate that the proposed novel algorithm could exhibit higher accuracy and faster convergence compared with the multiplicative extended Kalman filter, the unscented quaternion estimator, and the adaptive robust unscented Kalman filter.     

多测速系统中系统误差实时估计与校准算法

在实际目标跟踪系统中,测量设备都存在系统误差,会导致跟踪滤波精度显著下降。针对多测速系统,对其测速系统误差进行了简化数学建模;然后将其增广为状态变量,应用扩维无迹卡尔曼滤波对目标运动状态和系统误差进行联合估计,以实时校准系统误差、提高状态估计精度。在存在主副站2类系统误差的条件下,设定恒定和线性时变2类系统误差场景,对算法进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,算法在2类系统误差情形下都能有效校准系统误差,位置、速度滤波精度可提高80%以上;尤其是当系统误差恒定时,算法可完全消除系统误差的影响。     

多传感器组合导航系统的多尺度异步信息融合算法

首先,将状态方程采用数据块变换的方式得到新的状态块方程,并将量测方程表达为数据块的形式;然后,将量测向量进行多层小波变换以得到新的量测向量,结合状态块方程进行卡尔曼滤波;最后,利用异步贯序滤波的方法,建立了基于全局的最优估计值。将上述算法应用于GPS/SST/高度表/SINS多组合导航系统,仿真结果表明:相对于单一尺度的异步滤波算法,该算法可明显地提高系统的滤波精度。     

序贯结构的Sage-Husa自适应滤波及其应用

在分析已有的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法的基础上,本文首先推导了两种量测噪声自适应估计方法的等价性。为充分利用组合系统中已知的部分量测噪声参数,提高滤波稳定性和精度,研究了基于序贯结构的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法;当组合系统测量噪声参数均为已知时,为降低算法复杂度,提高Sage-Husa自适应滤波的鲁棒性,加入协方差匹配的方法对序贯结构的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法进行改进;通过在序贯结构下采用相应的信息融合策略,充分利用组合系统的输出信息。将两种算法分别应用于MIMU/GPS/磁强计组合系统中,基于跑车实验的离线数据分析表明,第一种滤波算法的滤波稳定性较标准自适应算法在滤波稳定性上有明显提高;第二种改进的滤波算法既降低了算法复杂度,又提高了抗野值效果,有效保持了组合系统在干扰状态下的导航精度。     

Effective filtering of target glint

An effective filter structure is suggested for filtering of target glint in active homing engagements of a ship-to-ship missile. The proposed filter has decoupled range and angle channels so that it has a sound mathematical basis as well as computational efficiency as applied to the interacting multiple model algorithm. The proposed algorithm in conjunction with an impact angle control law is tested by a series of simulation runs and it is shown to have superior performance compared with the other filter structures