Strategy of GPR Searching for Low Radar Contrast Plastic Pipes in Ground

The results of computer simulation of pulse signal scattering by a plastic pipe buried in the ground as well as simulation results of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) image of ground-filled trenches have been represented in the work. The "skeleton diagram" of a trench image has been developed. The strategy of GPR searching for low radar contrast plastic pipes in ground (in back-filled trenches) has been considered on the basis of indirect criterion which is the existence of a trench containing buried pipes.     

Buried small objects detected by UWB GPR

A ground penetrating radar (GPR) using short-pulse is developed to detect small and shallow metal objects buried underground. A bistatic mode in which the GPR system uses separate transmitting and receiving antennas is applied. A modified fat dipole antenna is developed for the transmitting and receiving antennas. The prototype of the system is tested in the real environment and 2D visualization of raw data is achieved. We show that the developed system has a good ability to detect underground metal objects, and even small targets of several centimeters.     

基于改进平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波方法的涡扇发动机气路状态监控

针对涡扇发动机气路状态监控存在模型未知或不准确导致滤波效果下降甚至发散的问题,研究了一种融入高斯过程回归（GPR）的改进平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）方法.该方法利用GPR对训练数据进行学习,建立发动机气路部件状态监控的GPR模型,替代UKF方法中的非线性系统模型;采用超球体单形采样和平方根滤波方法来提高滤波的计算效率和数值稳定性.仿真结果表明:训练的GPR模型解决了UKF方法对发动机原系统模型和噪声协方差矩阵依赖性的问题;与扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）和平方根UKF方法相比较,改进平方根UKF方法精度更高,对健康参数的估计精度达到99.9%,实现了对涡扇发动机单个和多个气路部件健系参数的有效跟踪.      

液体推进系统充填过程的有限元状态变量模型

研究了常温推进剂液体火箭发动机充填过程的建模问题。对推进剂充填管道系统进行有限元分割，应用基本守恒定律于充满推进剂的单元和充满气体的单元，两相单元则采用等效流容方程，建立了常温推进剂管道系统充填过程的有限元状态变量模型。模型面向液体推进系统动态过程控制与通用仿真。利用该模型，对一管道充填过程进行了仿真计算，给出了有关计算结果。     

Design and applications of airborne radars in the VHF/UHF band

The simultaneous need for ground penetration and high resolution dictates the use of frequencies less than 500 MHz for imaging ground penetrating radar (GPR) designs. It is possible to build such systems with good performance and yet not interfere with ground installations operating in the same bands. The total number of airborne GPR systems needed to saturate the market is small, (possibly less than ten), and so the buildup of noise in this spectral region occupied by these radars will be negligible. This is fortunate, since there is a clear need for such radars in such areas as humanitarian demining and unexploded ordnance (UXO) mapping. Some formal set of guidelines is needed beyond that given in Part 15 of the FCC regulations, which both recognizes the need for airborne UWB radar operations, and still protects licensed users in the band     

Ground penetrating radar VIY-2

VIY-2 ground penetrating radar (GPR) with unique sounding possibilities and use simplicity is presented at this paper. VIY-2 GPR combines all units (synchronizer, transmitting and receiving modules, powering, and antenna system) into single case. The VIY-2 GPR communicates with computer via standard interface RS232 or USB1.0. Technical solutions utilized by the VIY-2 GPR reduce deployment time and simplify surveying process. The VIY-2 GPR design features and its components interaction are considered at this paper. Some field results are also presented here. The VIY-2 GPR design concept allows reducing the data acquisition time,, optimizing the time-varying gain control function, applying depth-stacking dependence, controlling the surveying window position and interference reducing by pulse repetition frequency randomizing.     

Gasodynamic characteristics of a combustion chamber in the integrated power plant with an asymmetric air intake

The results of experimental investigations of gasodynamic characteristics of a combustion chamber model in the integrated power plant (IPP) with an asymmetric air intake are presented. The influence of an angle of air supply into the chamber model on hydraulic losses and the flow structure is shown at different air flowrates, relative values of the minimal flow section area of the feeding air intake pipes, under changes of the flowrate of gas simulating gas generation products and geometric model parameters. A technique for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide simulating IPP gas generation products in the combustion chamber air flow and the results of experimental investigations of a mixture formation process in the combustion chamber model are described.     

Transient simulation of a differential piston warm gas self-pressurization system for liquid attitude and divert propulsion system

In order to obtain the dynamic characteristics of a differential piston warm gas selfpressurization system for liquid attitude and divert propulsion system, a transient model is developed using the modular modeling method. The system includes the solid start cartridge,pressure-amplified tank with liquid monopropellant, liquid regulator, gas generator, and pipes.The one-dimensional finite-element state-variable model is applied to the pipes and the lumped parameter method is adopted for the other modules. The variations of the system operation parameters over time during the startup, steady-state, and pulsing operational processes are obtained from the transient model, and the characteristics of starting time changing with different system parameters are also analyzed. It is shown that the system startup process can be divided into three distinct processes. The starting time monotonically changes with variations of the liquid regulator parameters, first decreasing and then increasing with the mass change of the solid propellant charge of the start cartridge, initial gas cavity volume of the pressure amplified tank and initial gas cushion of the propellant tank. The starting time can be reduced to less than 1.0 s(0.68–0.75 s for the current system). For meeting the deviation requirements of ±10% of the steady-state propellant tank pressure, the positive deviation requirement is assured by the self-locking pressure and the negative deviation can be assured within an allowable maximum propellant tank volume flowrate(1.6 times the design value for the proposed system) for downstream thrusters for a designed system. The results from the simulation are useful as a guide for further system design and testing.     

基于自动核构造高斯过程的导弹气动性能预测

在导弹的初期设计阶段,通常需要对导弹的气动性能进行快速粗略评估。针对传统工程估算软件计算精度低和CFD方法计算代价大的缺陷,提出一种基于高斯过程回归（GPR）代理模型快速预测典型导弹气动性能的方案。以导弹外形参数和攻角作为模型输入,升力系数、阻力系数和力矩系数作为模型输出,对GPR模型的气动性能预测结果进行分析。首先,与其他常用代理模型的预测精度对比,GPR模型对3种系数的预测误差分别仅为0.24%、0.36%和0.36%,高于其他代理模型的预测精度。其次,考虑GPR模型核函数选择严重依赖人工先验知识的问题,采用了一种自动核构造算法,无需先验知识即可从数据中自动学习核函数。将该算法嵌入GPR框架中,与传统GPR模型比较,实验结果表明：基于该算法的GPR模型对3种系数的预测误差分别降低到0.10%、0.22%和0.17%。最后,给出导弹气动性能快速预测的应用实例,结果表明所提出的GPR模型的导弹气动性能预测方案是有效的,能够满足设计初期快速且精确的气动性能预测需求。     

卡箍刚度的有限元计算与实验测定

准确确定卡箍刚度对管路系统的振动特性分析具有重要意义。本文针对航空发动机管路系统中不同卡箍的结构特点,建立了计算卡箍刚度的有限元模型。对单管接地卡箍及双管悬地卡箍的刚度系数进行了有限元计算,还对一典型双管悬地卡箍刚度进行了实验测定。通过卡箍刚度计算结果与实验结果的对比表明,本文建立的卡箍刚度计算方法可用于管路系统振动特性分析工程实际之中。      

DQ-1000型惰气灭火装置补燃室的设计和试验研究

本文介绍了航空发动机用作煤矿灭火装置的研制简况,重点论述了其关键部件——补燃室的试验研究。结果表明,该补燃室采用降低流速、分区供油、旁路火炬点火,燃烧区喷水、多排火焰稳定器以及夹层水冷外套等方案,能够实现“软点火”,燃烧稳定,效率高达0.99,排气成分符合灭火要求,工作安全可靠。      

曲线管道内颗粒运动及对管壁磨损的数值分析

根据张量分析理论,推导出非正交曲线柱坐标系中颗粒的运动方程。对三种类型弯管内两相流动的颗粒运动轨迹,颗粒与管壁面的碰撞以及颗粒对壁面的磨损进行了数值计算。     

Analysis of an Out-of-Core Thermionic Space Power System

Conceptual designs of out-of-core thermionic space power generators using heat pipes have been produced for various powers, temperatures, and constraints or parameter values. Since major impediments to inpile thermionic systems are alleviated or eliminated in the out-of-core concepts, a competitive degree of feasibility and competitive specific masses are adequate to establish the need for emphasis on these systems in future studies and development activities. Feasibility in the six cases shown here in conceptual detail appears to be limited only by lithium heat-pipe feasibility and a favorable outcome of current technology development of UN, W, and Li materials in the temperature range considered. For example, one man-rated system at 300 kWe and 1800°K shows a specific mass of 8 kg/kWe and will accommodate an 18-meter payload at a 50-meter distance.     

基于ANSYS二次开发的输液曲管振动特性分析

针对悬臂的边界条件,建立了在流体作用下输液曲管的振动方程及有限元分析模型,并研究了曲管的振动特性.通过对ANSYS进行UPF二次开发,自定义曲管单元进行特征值求解,得出了流体流速对曲管特征频率影响的规律,同时考察了输液曲管的稳定性,求出了输液曲管发生颤振失稳时的临界流速.计算实例表明自定义单元具有很好的精度.     

Batteries vs. alternatives for storing energy

Electric utilities need quickly-available sources of power for supplying expected and unexpected peak loads. Among useful sources have been the energy stored in water by pumping it to elevated storage reservoirs, in air compressed into underground chambers, and in batteries. A new power source, tBase-load nuclear and coal-fired steam plants generate off-peak energy for recharging the depleted storage facility. The aero-derived gas turbine, challenges the economics of these traditional energy-storage means. These turbines have been designed for aircraft where quick startup, rapid change in output power, and high reliability are essential. With a 1426°C (2600°F) turbine inlet temperature the available efficiencies are 42% in simple-cycle operation and 60% in a combined-cycle power plant. A recent 84-MW natural-gas-burning peak-power plant cost $204 per kW. Pacific Gas and Electric's Helmes River pumped-hydro plant had cost $656 per kW. The combined-cycle gas turbine plants, with their low manpower requirements, are producing power that costs less than power from nuclear power plants. We examine the performance and economics available from these new power sources     

新型铝合金导管连接卡箍的研制

卡箍在飞机上的应用较为广泛, 卡箍的质量问题也会影响飞行的安全。新型铝合金导管连接卡箍降低应力腐蚀的产生, 可减少燃油、空调系统的故障, 能够满足军机的使用需求。本文介绍了这种卡箍的结构特点, 制造工艺和气密、振动、弯曲疲劳、压力循环、耐压、破坏压力和低温密封试验的试验过程。     

新型不锈钢导管连接卡箍的研制

卡箍在飞机上的应用较为广泛,卡箍的质量问题也会影响飞行的安全。新型不锈钢导管连接卡箍可降低应力腐蚀的产生,可减少燃油、空调系统的故障,能够满足军机的使用需求。本文介绍了这种卡箍的结构特点,制造工艺和气密、振动、弯曲疲劳、压力循环、耐压、破坏压力和低温密封试验的试验过程。     

飞机导管数字化柔性定位装夹技术探讨

因飞机导管种类多、数量大、形状复杂,针对传统定位装夹技术无法满足飞机导管精确、高效、敏捷制造需求,探讨了飞机导管数字化柔性定位装夹技术方案。提出了阵列式夹具、被动数字化重构夹具和自主数字化重构夹具3种飞机导管数字化柔性定位装夹技术方案,为实现导管数字化定位、高效精确装夹提供解决方案,达到缩短导管制造装备周期,降低制造成本的目的。     

Ultra-wideband ground-penetrating radar for the detection of buriedmetallic mines

The suitability of ultra-wideband ground-penetrating radar as a tool for the detection of buried metallic mines is explored in this paper. The analysis centers around a 200-800 MHz, dual-polarized ground penetrating radar (GPR) designed and built by SRI International. The analysis consisted of fusing the images from the dual polarizations into a single image to enhance the target objects and suppress clutter. Results are shown for several variations of a Mahalanobis-based fusion technique, and “soft decision” minefield detection results based upon Monte Carlo statistical techniques are also presented. Although relatively few scenes were analyzed, these results show that the dual-polarized GPR is potentially very effective at finding buried mines and minefields     

浮空器管材结构连接方式比较及拉伸强度分析

浮空器结构件如吊舱、过渡架及推进支架等多采用金属管材连接。目前,浮空器管材结构连接缺乏使用工况下极限值实测数据,材料及连接方式选择的理论支撑尚有不足。据此,对常用管材的不同连接方式进行比较及断裂分析。研究中铝合金和钛合金管材分别采用螺接及焊接的方式进行连接,测试样品的力学性能并结合仿真分析验证其断裂原因。结果表明:TA1钛合金管材采用焊接连接方式,相对螺接方式连接强度提高 87.9%;6061铝合金管材采用螺接连接方式,相对焊接方式连接强度提高 39.3%。2A12铝合金管材焊接连接强度优于螺接连接强度。同时,分析断裂原因发现,管材形变是影响焊缝连接强度的重要因素;应力集中易发生在管材端部连接处,导致端部焊缝发生断裂;管材形变会使母材断裂时伴有撕裂现象,进一步降低管材的最大连接强度。