美国和独联体有意合作研制核火箭

美国和独联体有意合作研制核火箭开发核动力航天运输系统所需的技术是实现载人登月和火星探索的一条很有前途的途径。独联体已经建立了可用于这种飞行任务的一种热核火箭方案，并建设了方案试验和评定所需的设施。鉴于独联体在这方面已进行了大量卓有成效的工作，而美国又...     

星际载人航行的动力之源——核火箭发动机研制“起伏”史

2010年,奥巴马将美国载人航天计划的指挥棒指向了火星。已经在档案馆中沉睡了40年的一个伟大设计——核火箭发动机,又看到了重生的希望。在半个多世纪前的载人航天黄金时代,它因人类的火星远征而生,又随着时代潮流的转向而归于沉寂。核火箭发动机的命运就是这样的起伏跌宕。     

《宇宙开发手册》

本书日文书名为《宇宙开发ハンドブック》,由科学技术厅研究调整局监修,经济团体连合会及宇宙开发推进会议1980年7月发行,全书共785页。北京图书馆索书号:4/V4—62/カ11/(1980) 宇宙开发在通信、气象、地球观测等实际利用方面,对于提高国民生活有着直接影响,还涉及到以自然科学进步为主的广范围科学技术的提高,有助于产业和经济的发展,对人类未来开发新的活动领域也具有重要意义。目前,世界各国都很重视宇宙开发事业,不仅促进了科学卫星和应用卫星的开发及利用,同时,以美、苏两国为中心,还实现了     

核热推进地面试验技术研究

核热推进具有比冲高、推力大等特点,在载人深空探测和星际货运任务上具有广阔应用前景。核热推进技术的研发需要进行大量地面试验。首先回顾了美国与俄罗斯的核热推进地面试验技术的发展,对地面试验技术进行分类总结。然后基于一种小型核火箭方案,研究了燃料元件非核试验、燃料元件辐照考验试验和带核整机地面试验等关键地面试验技术,并提出了初步试验方案。最后对我国核热推进地面试验的发展提出了一些建议。     

我国大型天文与空间望远镜展望

开发利用宇宙,探索人类能否在月球、火星等星体上进行采矿、无重力和无污染生产,建立无引力宇航发射台和无大气湍流天文观测站;能否利用天体剧烈活动所爆发的巨大能量并研究其能量发生机制,为人类提供新的能源;探索宇宙中是否有生命体及人类能否在宇宙中长期生活;仔细研究天体的物质构成和形状大小、化学物理性质及其坐标、运动,进一步发现和研究星系与恒星的形成与演变,研究地球的变     

宇宙探测纵横谈（三）

二、当今宇宙探测重又火爆航天技术突飞猛进的发展为宇宙探测提供了基础和条件。同时，世界各国的科技界也逐步将探索宇宙奥秘、开发利用宇宙资源、探究人类进入新的活动疆域的途径等，列入科技发展的新议程，宇宙探测重又火爆，宇宙探测在发展知识经济时代的高新技术产业...     

空间技术优化林业生产

20世纪中叶,航天技术 兴起,人类继在地球二维平面探索之后,开启了对地球的三维立体探索,并把目光投向了浩瀚的宇宙。宇宙是广袤的,     

过氧化氢发动机试验技术现状

综述了过氧化氢在火箭推进技术中的发展和应用,概括了国内外在这一领域的最新进展,提出了发展过氧化氢火箭发动机对航天推进与宇宙探索都具有现实意义。     

电推进——空间推进技术的革命

正一、引言航天发展,动力先行。自古以来,推进系统一直承载着人类进入太空、探索宇宙的梦想,被称为人类空间技术事业发展的基石。传统化学推进采用推进剂本身化学能产生的能量来用于推进,而推进系统的喷气速度和总输出能量取决于推进剂种类和携带量,同时在航天器性能、寿命和飞行速度方面受到限制。化学推进已然不能满足当今不同卫星平台的任务需求。航天动力发展追求的永恒主题是提高喷气速     

宇宙探测纵横谈(五)

三、中国应在宇宙探测中有所作为 (一)宇宙探测与研究关系到全人类,也关系到中国探索宇宙奥秘,开发宇宙资源,探究人类进驻新疆域的可能性与途径,在知识经济时代发挥航天高新技术产业的支柱作用,这是航天科技工业肩负的四大艰     

核热火箭发动机系统循环方案分析与设计

核热火箭发动机是未来实现载人火星探测的首选动力方案,其具备高比冲、大推力和长工作寿命等优点。我国在此方面研究较少,亟需开展核热推进技术理论及方法的研究。核热火箭发动机系统循环分析与设计是关键问题之一,对推进系统总体设计有重要意义。分析了3种可用于核热火箭发动机系统循环的方案特点,基于闭式膨胀循环设计了比冲为910 s ...     

国外深空探测推进技术发展及启示

推进系统为探测器的飞行提供所需的控制力和控制力矩,一定程度上决定了探测器的规模、最远飞行距离,乃至任务的成败,是探测器的重要分系统之一。为满足不同的深空探测任务需求,国外发展了多种形式的推进技术,但总体上仍以化学推进为主,部分采用了电推进系统,并在发展高性能低温推进技术等。对国外典型探测器推进系统进行了叙述,分析了其技术特点和发展趋势,并分别针对无人探测和载人探测应用探讨了对我国开展深空探测推进技术研究的启示。     

Products from NASA's in-space propulsion technology program applicable to low-cost planetary missions

Since September 2001, NASA's In-Space Propulsion Technology (ISPT) program has been developing technologies for lowering the cost of planetary science missions. Recently completed is the high-temperature Advanced Material Bipropellant Rocket (AMBR) engine providing higher performance for lower cost. Two other cost saving technologies nearing completion are the NEXT ion thruster and the Aerocapture technology project. Under development are several technologies for low-cost sample return missions. These include a low-cost Hall-effect thruster (HIVHAC) which will be completed in 2011, light-weight propellant tanks, and a Multi-Mission Earth Entry Vehicle (MMEEV). This paper will discuss the status of the technology development, the cost savings or performance benefits, and applicability of these in-space propulsion technologies to NASA's future Discovery, and New Frontiers missions, as well as their relevance for sample return missions.     

Mission to Mars using integrated propulsion concepts: considerations, opportunities, and strategies

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of a mission to Mars using the Integrated Propulsion Systems (IPS) which means to couple Nuclear-MPD-ISPU propulsion systems. In particular both mission analysis and propulsion aspects are analyzed together with technological aspects. Identifying possible mission scenarios will lead to the study of possible strategies for Mars Exploration and also of methods for reducing cost. As regard to IPS, the coupling between Nuclear Propulsion (Rubbia's engine) and Superconductive MPD propulsion is considered for the Earth-Mars trajectories: major emphasis is given to the advantages of such a system. The In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) concerns on-Mars operations; In Situ Propellant Utilization (ISPU) is foreseen particularly for LOX-CH4 engines for Mars Ascent Vehicles and this possibility is analyzed from a technological point of view. Tether Systems are also considered during interplanetary trajectories and as space elevators on Mars orbit. Finally strategic considerations associated to this mission are considered also.     

核热推进反应堆燃料元件发展概述

深空探测作为我国航天领域未来的重要任务之一,需要性能更高的推进系统提供动力。核热推进系统具有高比冲、大推力、长运行寿命、可重复启动等优点,可为未来深空探测任务提供可靠的动力支撑。经过了60多年的发展,核热推进固态堆芯燃料元件被研制出了多种类型,如六棱柱石墨基燃料元件、扭曲条带燃料元件、六棱柱金属陶瓷燃料元件、球形包覆颗粒燃料元件、MITEE型燃料元件、SLHC型燃料元件、Grooved Ring型燃料元件等。总结归纳了核热推进固态堆芯燃料元件的发展状况,提出了发展核热推进固态堆芯燃料元件的关键技术,可为我国核热推进系统燃料元件的研制提供借鉴。     

Nuclear propulsion—a historical perspective

Those who fear development of nuclear propulsion for space travel forget that considerable work on it has already been done, starting in the 1950s, and that the concept of a nuclear rocket was safely and successfully tested in the 1960s. This article describes the history of the US Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application programme, with technical details of its development. Although funding for the programme ceased in the 1970s, there is no reason to suppose that the concept would not work today.     

Single crystal mo solar thermal thruster for microsatellites

One potentially attractive propulsion concept offering significant payload gains for orbit transfer from LEO to higher orbits, station keeping and attitude control of spacecraft is thermal propulsion using light gas (typically hydrogen) as propellant and various kinds of heat energy. Solar Thermal Propulsion (STP) is a typical thermal propulsion with high Isp (500 – 1,000 s) in an appropriate thrust magnitude range and provides possibly much less space pollution than conventional chemical propulsion.

This paper presents the test results of a 30 mm dia. (medium-sized) windowless type of single crystal Mo thruster for orbit transfer of 50 kg class microsatellites. The cavity dia. is 20 mm, double the size of the previous model, and can apply to a primary solar reflector of up to 3.5 m dia., which is the maximum size containable in the H-II rocket fairing without segmentation. The performed mission analyses indicate that this size of STP is suitable to orbit transfer of 50 kg class microsatellites, such as LEO to GEO, or only multiple apogee kicks from GTO to GEO or deep space missions.     

火星探测器推进系统初步设想

火星探测是深空探测的重要内容之一,全面了解和掌握火星探测器的特点对进行火星探测具有重要意义.本文分析了国外火星探测器推进系统的系统组成和工作原理,介绍了我国火星探测器推进系统的初步设计方案,结合工程应用现状,提出了火星探测器推进系统的关键技术.     

可变比冲磁等离子体火箭原理与研究进展

介绍了VASIMR的基本组成(螺旋波等离子体源、离子回旋共振加热系统I-CRH、磁喷嘴)及工作原理。可变比冲磁等离子体火箭(VASIMR)是一种基于可控核聚变思想发展的先进高功率电推进方式,具有高比冲、比冲可变等特点。通过分析系统的效率及关键技术,指出VASIMR研制最关键的问题是研制高性能的螺旋波等离子体源和提高ICRH的效率等,最后评估了VASIMR在空间任务中的优势。     

High energy-density propulsion—reducing the risk to humans in planetary exploration

The potential benefits to humankind of space exploration are tremendous. Space is not only the final frontier but is also the next marketplace. The orbital space above Earth offers tremendous opportunities for both strategic assets and commercial development. The critical obstacle retarding the use of the space around the Earth is the lack of low cost access to orbit. Further out, the next giant leap for mankind will be the human exploration of Mars. Almost certainly within the next 30 years, a human crew will brave the isolation, the radiation, and the lack of gravity to walk on and explore the Red planet. Both of these missions will change the outlook and perspective of every human being on the planet. However, these missions are expensive and extremely difficult. Chemical propulsion has demonstrated an inability to achieve orbit cheaply and is a very high-risk option to accomplish the Mars mission. An alternative solution is to develop a high performance propulsion system. Nuclear propulsion has the potential to be such a system. The question will be whether humanity is willing to take on the challenge.