蜂窝壁缺失所致应力集中分析

蜂窝或胞壁缺失是蜂窝夹层结构缺陷形式的一种,由于蜂窝（壁）的缺失,导致蜂窝芯子的连续性被破坏,并产生应力集中。本文从蜂窝细观尺度出发,通过数值解析与有限元模拟相结合的方式对缺陷周围胞壁正应力进行分析,首先,通过有限元模拟得到胞壁的拉应力结果,结果表明,应力集中带状区上的胞壁标准化拉应力沿横向符合近似卡方概率密度函数的分布形式;存在一个临界位置使蜂窝壁拉应力分布曲线出现反转。其次,对蜂窝缺陷最大拉应力处的壁内弯矩值与胞壁缺失个数的关系进行了推导。最后,给出了预估弯曲应力的公式,并分析了缺陷形状对预估公式参数的影响。      

宽温域下三位四通电磁液动换向阀的几何尺寸链与卡滞特性

针对某型飞机服役环境中滑阀出现卡滞和动作延迟等现象,在分析滑阀机理的基础上,发现按常温设计的滑阀副配合间隙在服役环境下会发生较大变化,飞行器极端温度环境、精密偶件加工残余应力等容易造成滑阀卡滞。利用弹性力学和热变形理论,考虑残余应力的影响,推导了滑阀副径向尺寸链的数学表达式。以某型滑阀副为例,计算了-50℃、100℃和150℃下滑阀副的变形量,通径13mm的滑阀,径向尺寸最大变形量为2.9μm。采用有限元方法仿真分析了油液压力引起的阀套变形量,最大变形量为2.19μm。配合间隙最小值应不小于总变形量5.19μm,可近似取为5μm。计算了不同配合间隙时的内泄漏量,泄漏量应满足要求0.035L/min,对应的最大配合间隙为7.7μm,可近似取为8μm。本文所提出的分析方法和尺寸链计算模型,对滑阀设计具有一定的参考意义。     

高速超声振动铣削钛合金实验研究

针对钛合金在普通铣削（CM）时因切削速度低而面临的切削力大、薄壁工件变形大、加工效率低、刀具磨损严重等问题，采用高速超声振动铣削（HUVM）方法加工钛合金，实验研究其加工表面质量和切削力。从运动学角度出发对HUVM方法进行运动学分析。搭建包括超声振动系统、加工系统及测量系统在内的高速超声振动铣削实验平台。采用单因素实验对比CM和HUVM这2种方法对钛合金加工切削力和表面质量的影响规律。研究结果表明：与CM加工相比，HUVM加工可以使切削力降低32.6%～35.3%。并且HUVM加工表面粗糙度虽略有增加，但是表面结构可以更加均匀；此外，HUVM加工表面残余应力均为压应力，其绝对值随着每齿进给量和切削速度的增大而降低，而CM加工表面残余应力为拉应力。     

电脉冲除冰系统的结构力学性能分析

电脉冲除冰（EIDI）作为一种电动-机械式除冰系统,具有广阔的应用前景。本文采用线圈和金属平板组成的电脉冲系统作为EIDI结构动力学模型的研究对象,基于有限元分析软件MSC/NASTRAN,建立了一套针对典型平板-线圈结构的EIDI系统结构动力学仿真模型,研究了模型的固有特性（模态与频率）与时域响应分析,并开展了仿真模型的实验验证。研究了基于模型的EIDI系统结构动力学特性,重点关注最大应变和位移在空间的分布规律,并讨论了电容、电压等放电参数的影响。研究表明,电脉冲作用下,平板最大位移分布特性近似“马鞍型”,提升电容和电压可以增大脉冲力峰值和结构变形量,同时减小固定位置处的应变。      

大型飞机A380-800在既有跑道起降的适应性研究

为了探究已建跑道能否满足大型飞机A380-800起降的要求,建立了弹性层状的刚性道面模型和A380-800的整个主起落架模型,通过数值计算,分析了A380-800对道面土基的响应深度、场道面层层底最大拉应力和面层最大竖向位移的影响,并与B747-400的计算结果进行了对比。结果表明:尽管A380-800的最大起飞重量比B747-400大41.09%,但A380-800主起落架机轮数目多、间距和轮距均较大,有利于增强应力扩散、减弱叠加效应,所以其土基响应深度与B747-400仅相差4.29%;其层底最大拉应力的平面位置因受主起落架机轮布置的影响,与B747-400的层底最大拉应力出现在不同位置,且两种机型的层底最大拉应力值仅相差1.09%;其面层最大竖向位移出现在三轴双轮中心轴所在断面,而B747-400面层最大竖向位移出现在内侧双轴双轮的后轴所在断面,且两种机型的面层最大竖向位移仅相差0.49%。因此,从力学特性角度,以B747-400为设计机型或适应B747-400正常起降的道面结构层能够适应A380-800的正常起降。      

基于索膜有限元模型的翼伞气动变形仿真

对定常状况下翼伞的流固耦合变形问题进行了三维数值模拟。使用有限体积法计算了飞行时的气动载荷,分析了前缘切口和翼肋开孔对压强分布的影响;基于翼伞结构大位移小应变的特点建立了非线性索膜有限元模型,伞衣由不能承受弯矩的膜单元模拟,伞绳和切口加强带由只能单向拉伸受力的索单元模拟,仿真了受气动载荷后翼伞相对于理想设计位置的变形和应力分布。结果表明:该翼伞展长相对于设计值减小,"鼓包"形成后翼型最大厚度增大,伞衣变形后产生了额外的后掠角和攻角;最大等效应力主要集中在翼肋上的开孔和伞绳连接点处,需合理布置加强带以满足强度要求。     

高垂直度和低沉积的MEMS陀螺梳齿结构释放工艺

梳齿型微机电系统（MEMS）陀螺的释放要求结构具有垂直度高、释放过程沉积聚合物少的特点,通过优化深硅刻蚀的工艺参数,包括钝化气体八氟环丁烷（C4F8）的流量、衬底温度、刻蚀气体六氟化硫（SF6）的流量和钝化气体C4F8的压力,实现了结构垂直度为90.0°、支撑层表面沉积物厚度为87.1nm的梳齿结构释放工艺。深硅刻蚀工艺的优化为高性能MEMS陀螺的加工提供了基础。     

补偿式光纤双法布里—珀罗微位移测量系统

提出了一种能补偿环境影响的、插入光纤传光介质的新型微位移测量系统，介绍了其灵敏度的测量结果。由于采用并行双通道的结构，系统具有高准确度、抗干扰等特点。该系统适合于微位移（纳米级）测量，可用于检定其它高准确度位移传感器、几何量定位、微细加工表面轮廓测量以及转换成微位移量或光程差的其他物理量的测量。     

铝合金拉形粗晶临界预应变曲线的建立及应用

粗晶是铝合金蒙皮多道次拉形中常见的成形缺陷.根据实际蒙皮拉形过程和变形状态,按照"预拉伸-淬火-微观组织分析"的流程,对2024-O铝合金板材进行了不同应变路径下的试验,建立了晶粒大小和热处理前预拉伸量的关系.采用网格应变测量技术,确定了不同应变路径下的粗晶临界预应变,建立了粗晶临界预应变曲线.应用该曲线对蒙皮拉形过程进行了有限元分析,从而控制粗晶的产生.     

薄壁管轴压胀形关键工艺参数及成形极限

利用粘性介质传压,对薄壁管轴压胀形进行了研究;基于塑性理论和分散性失稳理论,推导了轴对称胀形内压力分布规律,得出了内压加载区间和轴向加载关系;建立了基于载荷控制的加载函数,提出了送料控制方法,优化了加载模式;基于集中性失稳理论,计算了胀形压力极限,建立了均匀变形极限和极限应力比的概念,形成了零件可成形性的基本判据;分析了管材成形过程中应力变化特点,揭示了管材胀形区由拉-压应力状态迅速发展到双向受拉的机理.通过实验并利用有限元方法对薄壁管轴压胀形过程进行了模拟计算和研究,验证了理论分析结果.      

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.