参数自适应误差自校准的Sigma-Delta闭环微机械陀螺仪

提出并实现了一种用于MEMS谐振陀螺仪的新型自适应自校准多级噪声整形(MASH) 微机电sigmadelta闭环测控电路方案。该技术针对高精度MEMS音叉陀螺仪的误差校准, 开发了在线自适应误差校准的MASH2-0闭环测控电路,且无需使用任何额外的机械校准方法。该技术不仅可以有效地消除由于MEMS音叉陀螺仪敏感元件加工误差和接口测控电路之间的参数失配在输出端产生的误差影响,并且能够校正由非理想信号传递函数而导致的信号链路传输中的频谱失真和增益失配。试验结果表明,与传统的闭环MEMS陀螺仪相比,所提出的自适应MASH2-0闭环测控电路技术可以实现更好的系统稳定性、动态范围和噪声性能。     

基于System Generator建模的微半球陀螺数字化测控电路设计

随着对于惯性测量单元精确度的要求不断提升,针对于陀螺仪测控电路的要求也逐步提高。首先介绍了微半球谐振陀螺的结构与工作原理,然后对其测控电路工作原理进行了介绍。之后通过System Generator建模设计出微陀螺的闭环控制与检测电路方案,搭建微陀螺的电路系统,完成微陀螺的性能测试,为微陀螺的测控电路领域的研究提供参考和支持。     

电容式微加速度计闭环检测电路

针对硅微惯性器件中的微小差分电容检测,提出了一种应用于三明治结构差分电容式微机械加速度计的闭环检测电路.通过等电势屏蔽法,相干解调技术和增加激励信号对称性等技术屏蔽杂散电容,抑制了电路噪声和共模误差,提高了检测电路的微弱信号辨识能力;静电力平衡闭环检测克服了开环输出信号的非线性缺陷,实现了高线性度、高分辨率的电容检测.设计的闭环检测电路具有电路简单、线性度好、抗干扰性强和易于集成的特点.实验结果表明,加速度计量程可达±15g,电容分辨率可达10^-16F.     

硅微传感器中微弱信号的相关检测

主要论述全光纤硅谐振微传感器中微弱信号的相关检测技术,研究表明,对于高阻抗信号源,有效信号电流仅为纳安级,信噪比很低,谐振频率高达２００ｋＨｚ的微弱信号,可通过用低漂移－高输入阻抗和宽频带的运放作为前置放大器,并进一步应用相关检测原理,设计出相应的电路,就能极大地提高信噪比,检测出有效信号,实现硅微传感器微弱信号的检测。     

谐振式微小型压力传感器数字闭环系统

在微小型特别是硅谐振微传感器中,低信噪比的微弱信号检测、闭环自激电路的小型化和抗干扰等问题十分突出.复合音叉微小型谐振式压力传感器数字锁相环闭环检测系统将输入的模拟信号(压力)直接转换为准数字量(频率),测量精度高,基本上解决了测量系统中结构参数小、工作频率高、信号幅度弱、耦合强、干扰大等问题,该方法可直接应用于硅谐振式微传感器,对实现硅谐振微传感器的工程化具有指导意义.      

硅微传感器中微弱信号的相关检测1)

主要论述全光纤硅谐振微传感器中微弱信号的相关检测技术.研究表明对于高阻抗信号源，有效信号电流仅为纳安级、信噪比很低、谐振频率高达200kHz的微弱信号，可通过选用低漂移、高输入阻抗和宽频带的运放作为前置放大器，并进一步应用相关检测原理，设计出相应的电路，就能极大地提高信噪比，检测出有效信号，实现硅微传感器微弱信号的检测.     

MEMS陀螺仪随机误差滤波

针对微机电系统(MEMS,Micro Electromechanical System)陀螺仪的随机漂移,基于小波多尺度分析,利用bior1.5小波对陀螺仪的随机漂移进行深度为4的分解,重建各尺度信号,采用时间序列方法对陀螺仪各尺度随机漂移进行建模,与传统时间序列方法建模相比,降低了模型的预测误差.并构建了模糊自适应Kalman滤波,利用模糊控制方法基于残差均值与方差差值对噪声方差阵进行实时调整,提高对重建后的各尺度信号随机噪声滤波效果.通过一系列对比实验证明,基于多尺度分析的模糊自适应Kalman滤波对于消除MEMS陀螺仪随机漂移误差作用明显.通过Allan方差分析,滤波后的数据各随机误差项均得到有效减小.     

超外差接收相敏检波在电磁超声检测中的应用

为了提高电磁超声检测接收信号的信噪比,研究和设计了基于超外差接收正交相敏检波技术的电磁超声检测系统.应用该系统分别对铝合金、碳钢和不锈钢试样进行了检测,对接收信号进行了正交相敏检波处理,将处理后的信号同原始接收射频信号进行了对比,分析了中频放大器和相敏检波器中低通滤波器的带宽设置对检测结果的影响.研究结果表明:超外差接收正交相敏检波技术在铝合金、碳钢和不锈钢等非铁磁性或铁磁性金属材料的电磁超声检测中可以起到去噪、提高信噪比的作用.      

基于相关双采样技术的CCD视频信号处理研究

在动态目标的CCD探测中,一个非常关键的技术就是对CCD输出信号噪声的抑制或削弱,以提高输出信号的信噪比。首先,对CCD输出信号的特性及常用处理方法进行了简要描述,并结合CCD输出噪声的特点,对相关双采样(Correlated Double Sampling)法进行了细致地分析。最后在建立CDS传输函数及噪声分析模型的基础上,利用最适合的相关双采样技术对CCD信号存在的复位噪声及其它低频噪声的抑制进行了相关测试。结果表明:对2δ法CDS电路,只要选择合适的采样时间,不仅能有效地消除KTC噪声,而且对低频噪声及其它白噪声也有不同程度的抑制。     

一种改进的广义旁瓣相消的波束形成算法

在分析传统广义旁瓣相消器(GSC)自适应波束形成的基础上,提出一种改进的广义旁瓣相消器的波束形成方法,即基于特征结构的GSC波束形成算法(ED-GSC),该算法在投影特征空间中引入了期望信号方向矢量,能在期望信号功率较大时保持自适应波束形成方法性能,又能在期望信号功率较小时(甚至为零)具有较好的波束保形能力,对噪声有很好的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明:ES-GSC算法在高、中、低的信噪比下都具有较好的波束形成性能,是一种性能优越的波束形成算法。     

基于MATLAB反馈型自适应噪声抵消系统仿真研究

对一种ANC(自适应噪声抵消)的主动降噪技术进行了讨论和研究。论述了基于LMS的ANC系统的基本原理,在此基础上设计了反馈式ANC系统。与前馈式ANC系统相比,反馈式ANC系统的消噪能力和收敛速度均优于前馈式ANC系统,通过MATLAB仿真,结果与理论分析是一致的。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.