铝合金薄壁中空结构件重负荷铣削切削振动研究

使用直径为20mm的商用高速钢和硬质合金刀具,在中低切削速度和大切宽条件下对高速列车车体用T5热处理6N01铝合金双壳薄壁W型结构件进行重负荷铣削试验,重点对铣削振动及其影响因素进行研究.结果表明:当铣刀铣削至结构件的筋板交叉处时振幅有突变增加,其值为铣削铝合金薄壁时的3～6倍;在中低速铣削范围内,重负荷铣削该结构件时易发生自激振动和强迫振动.研究同时表明,机床转速和每齿进给量是影响切削振动的显著因素,波刃刀具切削振动幅值显著大于非波刃,螺旋角较大的刀具和齿数较少的刀具其切削振动较小;在剧烈的切削振动下,高速钢刀具易发生刀尖崩刃,波刃刀具则易发生严重粘结.     

被动阻尼减振技术及数控加工应用

切削颤振导致工件加工表面质量恶化、切削效率降低以及刀具磨损加剧等系列危害.抑制颤振对航空制造业实现高质、高效加工有重要意义,尤其是在薄壁件加工时.作为工程领域振动抑制的一种重要方法,被动阻尼减振技术实施简单、效果明显、可靠性较高,在切削领域的应用正逐渐得到重视.     

刀具监控在数控机床及加工中的应用

针对数控机床使用高速电主轴在切削过程中出现异常情况导致的电主轴损坏问题,分析了电主轴损坏的原因以及刀具监控系统在电主轴保护和工艺优化方面的作用,详细论述了刀具监控系统应用原理、主轴保护过程、工艺优化分析和监控系统与及机床的集成。并在虚拟五轴机床上开展应用验证,通过设置功率阀值、刀具破损功率和刀具磨损功率,实现了切削实际功率和振动的监测。应用表明:采用刀具监控系统能降低刀具破损、磨损等原因造成电主轴的损坏,同时能对加工工艺进行分析和优化。     

超声椭圆振动精密切削

传统超声振动切削加工中刀具后刀面与工件已加工表面的高频摩擦使刀具承受交变拉压应力,导致刀具疲劳崩刃。超声椭圆振动切削技术使刀具以椭圆振动轨迹对工件进行切削,避免了刀具后刀面与已加工表面的摩擦,有效抑制了刀具的崩刃破损;同时,将刀具前刀面与切屑之间有害的摩擦力变为有利的切削力,增加了刀具的剪切角,降低了切削过程中的吃刀抗力,提高了加工精度。     

提高机器人结构刚度及关节精度的方法

传统工业机器人具有工作空间大、结构紧凑、灵活性好等优势,已由早期的物料搬运、点焊、喷涂等操作逐渐应用于制孔、铣削、磨削等高精度金属切削加工领域。然而,工业机器人相比于机床刚性较弱,金属切削过程中的切削载荷使机器人末端刀具偏离期望的加工轨迹,外部激振力极易引发机器人颤振,影响机器人加工精度;此外,关节减速器内部齿隙也会严重影响机器人精度。对采用机器人刚度优化、机器人加工误差补偿、机器人传动间隙补偿、机器人加工振动抑制等提高机器人精度方法的研究现状做了总结,提出了两种提高机器人精度的机器人结构改进设计,分别为基于双电机驱动的无间隙传动机器人结构和基于四边形机构的高刚性机械臂结构,并对新型机器人的结构特点进行了阐述。     

Ti(C,N)涂层刀切削磨损分析及应对措施

金属切削过程中,造成刀具磨损的主要原因是刀具和工件之间的接触和摩擦以及刀刃附近高温高压的极端恶劣的条件.切削区域任何一个单元接触条件的改变都会影响刀具的磨损,这些条件主要包括刀具材料、刀具涂层以及刀具几何规格,其他条件还有工件材料及其物理性能,刀具参数和合适的切削条件,冷却润滑条件,切削过程中机床振动较大或刀跳较严重时导致刀具出现波动的过载等.     

TC4钛合金纵弯超声振动铣削装置及其加工性能研究

TC4钛合金因其优异的综合机械性能在航空、航天工业中得到了广泛应用,但其高塑性和低导热系数引起的刀具–切屑黏附是制约其铣削加工性能提升的一个关键因素.针对TC4钛合金铣削加工性能提升的需求,提出了一种基于刀具纵弯复合超声振动辅助铣削的加工方式,通过控制刀具纵弯复合超声振动的幅值和相位实现可控的间歇式切削,降低刀具–切屑...     

超声波激振刀具镗孔机制及试验研究

介绍了超声波激振刀具镗孔的切削机制 ,研究了切削参数对表面粗糙度、圆度的影响规律 ,并考查了加工表面的冷作硬化程度。     

基于多源迁移学习的变位姿刀尖点模态参数预测

切削颤振会导致被加工工件表面质量变差、材料去除率降低以及刀具磨损增加等问题。刀尖点模态参数是构建稳定性叶瓣图、选取无颤振加工参数必不可少的输入。然而在加工过程中刀尖点模态参数随刀具位姿而变化且刀具更换频繁,经典锤击试验方法效率低、成本高,如何准确高效地预测变位姿下的刀尖模态参数成为切削加工中亟待解决的问题。本文结合迁移学习思想,提出一种基于多源迁移学习的变位姿刀尖点模态参数预测方法。当更换新刀具后,仅需通过锤击试验获取少量位姿下的刀尖点模态参数,再结合已有多把刀具的模态参数数据进行多源迁移得到新刀具的刀尖点模态参数预测模型。最后,在实际五轴机床上进行试验,试验表明所提方法是有效的。     

振动钻孔刀具的损伤特性

本文分析了动态角度变化、切削波形变化和一个振动周期内的切削过程对振动钻孔刀具损伤的影响;通过耐热钢20Cr11MoWV和高强度钢30CrMnSi的钻削试验,探讨了振动钻孔刀具损伤特性.     

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace, national defense, energy and precision physical experiments. However, the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools. In this paper, an elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) with active cutting edge shift (ACES) based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool. Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge, the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed. Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted. The evolutions of the surface roughness, surface topography, and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed. The reasonable parameters of ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined. It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography. The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge, so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed. A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter ∅240 mm, height 122 mm, and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method, and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2 μm and Ra less than 50 nm, respectively.     

旋转超声钻削碳纤维复合材料钻削力和扭矩的研究

针对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)加工过程中的问题,对金刚石套料钻旋转超声钻削CFRP-T700型复合材料展开了研究。研究发现,钻削力随主轴转速的增加具有减小的趋势,而扭矩则随着主轴转速的增加,呈现增大的趋势;与传统加工相比,旋转超声振动钻削可降低切削力及扭矩达56.6%和39.1%,有效抑制加工缺陷的产生。初步建立了切削力和扭矩之间的数学模型,并通过试验对切削力和扭矩之间的比例常数k加以验证。研究结果表明,旋转超声钻削CFRP在降低切削力和扭矩方面有较大优势。     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

切深对椭圆超声振动切削机理的影响

以椭圆超声振动切削为研究对象,通过理论分析,有限元仿真和切削实验,研究了切深变量对其切削过程中机理的影响。指出在微小的切深条件下,刀尖钝圆影响不可忽略,其切削过程表现出微细切削特性。一方面,基于微细切削理论,建立了正交椭圆超声振动切削运动学和力学模型,将切削区分为后刀面回弹区、刀尖犁切区、刀尖剪切区和前刀面摩擦区四个区域,并依次对四个区域内不同切深条件下各个切削分力进行计算分析。另一方面,对切削过程进行有限元仿真和切削实验。其结果表明:当切深小于最小切削厚度时,切削过程主要为刀具后刀面的回弹挤压与摩擦和刀尖钝圆的犁切作用,不产生切屑,切深抗力大于主切削力;当切深大于最小切削厚度并逐渐增大时,刀尖剪切和切屑与前刀面的挤压与摩擦作用逐渐凸显并成为主要切削方式,此时主切削力逐渐超过切深抗力并迅速增大。     

薄型中空电极振动电解切割TB6钛合金

TB6钛合金由于具有优越的性能,广泛地用于航空航天领域。然而从大余量的TB6钛合金锻铸件毛坯加工成复杂结构的零件,其加工效率低,刀具和机床成本高,造成了极大的浪费。为解决这一问题,提出了一种利用薄型中空电极进行快速大余量去除的电解加工(ECM)方法,即将零件与多余材料切割分离,有望较大程度提高加工效率,降低加工成本。为改善电解加工流场特性,提高加工精度,对电极施加振动,并对薄型中空电极的振动切割进行了建模分析和试验研究。试验结果表明,合适的振动幅值和频率(A=0.05mm,f=50Hz)可以使得各处电解液电导率趋于一致,从而提高加工的精度、稳定性和效率。复杂结构件的成功切割证明了薄型中空电极振动电解切割加工技术具有一定的适用性。     

超精密车削表面三维微观形貌仿真及特征分析

对在金刚石超精密车削加工中刀具与工件间相对振动对工件表面形貌的影响进行了仿真,并在理论上对工件表面的三维微观形貌的特征进行了分析,表明在不同的切削条件下工件表面形貌具有不同的特征。     

单激励超声椭圆振动车削薄壁筒实验研究

通过对普通夹心式超声椭圆振动换能器结构的研究,设计了一种能够在单一纵向激励的情况下产生椭圆振动的换能器结构,利用有限元分析工具对换能器的结构进行分析,并且利用光纤测振仪对单一纵向激励换能器进行了测量,验证了可以通过单向激励产生椭圆振动。利用这种结构研制了一套单激励超声椭圆振动车削系统,采用PCD刀具对LY12实心件和薄壁筒工件进行了精密切削实验,实验结果表明椭圆振动切削可以大幅度降低切削力,明显改善薄壁工件的形状精度,同时工件还具有较好的表面粗糙度。     

天然金刚石刀具单激励超声椭圆振动车削

设计并制造了一种单激励夹心式纵弯复合椭圆振动车削系统.在分析超声椭圆振动切削抑制刀具崩刃机理的基础上,利用该系统进行了天然金刚石刀具振动车削铝件的试验,证实了椭圆振动切削可以有效防止刀具崩刃.     

Chatter stability and precision during high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting of a thin-walled titanium cylinder

Titanium alloys are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industries due to their unique mechanical and physical properties. Specifically, thin-walled titanium (Ti) cylinders have received increasing attention for their applications as rocket engine casings, aircraft landing gear, and aero-engine hollow shaft due to their observed improvement in the thrust-to-weight ratio. However, the conventional cutting (CC) process is not appropriate for thin-walled Ti cylinders due to its low thermal conductivity, high strength, and low stiffness. Instead, high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting (HUVC) assisted processing has recently proved highly effective for Ti-alloy machining. In this study, HUVC technology is employed to perform external turning of a thin-walled Ti cylinder, which represents a new application of HUVC. First, the kinematics, tool path, and dynamic cutting thickness of HUVC are evaluated. Second, the phenomenon of mode-coupling chatter is analyzed to determine the effects and mechanism of HUVC by establishing a critical cutting thickness model. HUVC can increase the critical cutting thickness and effectively reduce the average cutting force, thus reducing the energy intake of the system. Finally, comparison experiments are conducted between HUVC and CC processes. The results indicate that the diameter error rate is 10% or less for HUVC and 51% for the CC method due to a 40% reduction in the cutting force. In addition, higher machining precision and better surface roughness are achieved during thin-walled Ti cylinder manufacturing using HUVC.     

轴向车铣薄壁回转体工件的动力学有限元分析

通过对轴向车铣薄壁回转体工件有限元模拟结果的分析,得出振幅随刀具转速的变化,验证了有限元方法进行薄壁回转体工件动力学分析的合理性.分析结果表明,车铣加工过程中应合理选择铣刀转速,使切削频率避开共振频率.