高负荷叶片弯曲对壁面流动的影响

测量了低展弦比高负荷涡轮直叶片和正、反弯叶片叶栅端壁和叶片表面静压及流道内损失沿流向的发展, 并对端壁和叶片吸力面上的流动进行了墨迹显示。实验结果表明:叶片正弯增大了叶栅进口段逆压梯度, 并在叶片吸力面前部形成反“C”型静压等值线, 加剧了叶片前缘的鞍点分离和吸力面分离线向叶栅中部的收敛。叶片反弯减小了叶栅进口段逆压梯度, 在吸力面进口形成垂直于端壁的静压等值线, 不仅削弱了鞍点分离, 而且造成吸力面上的自由涡层型分离, 避免了吸力面上、下分离线相交, 因此二次旋涡损失大为降低。      

采用弯叶片的不同折转角压气机叶栅流场气动性能

实验研究了叶片弯曲对不同叶型折转角环形扩压叶栅气动性能的影响,分析了叶栅出口总压损失和二次流速度矢量分布,并给出了壁面静压分布及壁面墨迹流动显示结果。研究结果表明,叶型折转角越大损失分布的对称性越差,根部损失增加明显;弯曲角度和叶型折转角的增大将使得正弯叶栅吸力面反“C”型静压分布加剧,60°叶型折转角叶栅中径处负荷随叶片弯曲角度变化的敏感性强,大弯角时气流易分离,导致总损失激增;综合来说,对比直叶栅,正弯15°叶栅在各种叶型折转角正弯叶栅中减小损失效果最好。     

不同掠型扩压叶栅壁面静压分布特性研究

实验研究了不同掠型叶片组成的平面扩压叶栅壁面静压分布。结果表明,前掠叶栅流道中横向压力梯度减弱,型面压力沿叶展呈反"C"型,有利于减弱角区低能流体堆积,但中径处损失将有所增加;弯掠叶片强化了上述趋势,其降低端部损失和延缓角区分离的能力更强,具有深入研究的必要。      

叶片弯曲对叶顶间隙流动影响的实验研究

详细测量了直叶栅与正、反弯叶栅叶顶间隙中分面以及叶栅前、后横截面内气动参数分布,并对壁面（包括上、下端壁与叶片表面）流场进行了墨迹显示。对比３ 套叶栅的实验结果发现：叶片正弯削弱了泄漏流与端壁流道内横向二次流,泄漏涡与上通道涡合并,二次涡分离由整体分离转变为局部分离,既减少了相对漏气量又降低了掺混损失;叶片反弯加强了泄漏涡与上通道涡的相互作用,虽然使相对漏气量减少,但却增大了掺混损失。     

弯叶片对大转角平面涡轮叶栅气动性能影响的实验研究

本文选择叶型折转角为113°的平面涡轮叶栅,开展了直叶栅、正,反弯曲叶栅的流场测量和流动显示研究,讨论了叶片弯曲对壁面流谱、静压分布以及流动损失的影响.结果表明：对于大折转角(113°)平面涡轮叶栅,叶片反弯(DHN)使得叶栅流场明显恶化,叶栅损失增加;叶片正弯(DHP)则在一定程度上减少流动损失,但效果没有普通小折转角的涡轮叶栅明显.     

采用弯-掠叶片的压气机叶栅变冲角性能研究

利用经过实验数据验证的CFD软件对采用不同掠型叶片的压气机叶栅±20°冲角范围内性能进行了数值研究.结果表明,在任一冲角下,与直叶栅比,前掠和弯掠叶栅中静压分布呈反"C"型规律,端部损失下降,中部损失增加,后掠叶栅则情况相反;随冲角增加,前掠和弯掠叶栅中低能流体在中部积聚增多,损失增加明显;算例中,尽管叶栅总损失有所增加,但弯掠叶栅变工况特性好,可最大限度控制附面层流体在端区积聚,避免角区分离,从而显著加大压气机稳定工作区间,对提高航空发动机总体性能意义较大.     

冲角变化对弯掠压气机叶栅壁面静压分布的影响

实验研究了冲角变化对不同掠型叶片组成的平面扩压叶栅壁面静压分布的影响。结果表明,变冲角时弯掠叶栅端部横向、径向及流向压力梯度分布改善,正冲角时端壁与吸力面附面层相互作用减弱,避免了低能流体在吸力面角区的积聚及分离,同时也使得中径附近损失有所增加,但其总损失没有明显增大;负冲角时弯掠叶栅中径附近的损失增加在总损失中占主导地位,气动性能下降。在较大正冲角时弯掠叶栅仍能保持角区流动的稳定,若增大中径处的设计冲角能够获得更好的气动性能。     

亚声速扩压叶栅中弯叶片积叠规律的研究

为了探索负荷径向非对称分布的环形扩压叶栅中弯曲叶片造型参数的选取规律,通过数值模拟的方式,对比研究了不同弯高和正弯角对两种不同分离形态的环形扩压叶栅气动性能和流道内旋涡结构的影响。研究结果表明,随着弯叶片正弯角的增大,尾缘附近的一对集中脱落涡增强并向叶展中部靠拢,随之造成了集中脱落涡和壁角涡之间区域的损失降低,同时叶展中部的总压损失增大。在集中脱落涡尚未形成的叶栅中,弯叶片则是主要作用于流道中部的尾缘脱落涡,但作用效果相对较弱。在一定的弯叶片弯高下,扩压叶栅存在最佳弯角,研究所采用的50%弯高的CDA叶栅在进口条件2下的最佳弯角约为25°,并且相同的弯叶片正弯角对叶片展向负荷较高的一端作用效果更显著。当弯叶片正弯角较大(或接近于最佳弯角)时,叶片展向负荷较高的一侧在弯叶片作用下损失峰值增加更为明显,因而在保持弯叶片的周向相对偏移一致的前提下,最佳弯高在叶展中部偏向于负荷较低的一侧。换言之,最佳弯高应偏向于扩压因子展向不均匀度更大的一侧。     

端弯联合弯叶片对叶栅旋涡结构和气动性能的影响

为了研究弯叶片弯角、端弯弯高和端弯弯角三个参数对扩压叶栅流道内的旋涡结构和气动性能所造成的影响大小和交互作用的主次顺序,以环形扩压叶栅为研究对象,通过正交试验设计的方法,对试验结果进行分析。结果表明,存在一个最佳弯叶片弯角以平衡集中脱落涡和壁角涡对叶栅出口总压损失分布的影响;弯叶片弯角的提高会导致壁角涡减弱并且涡核靠向端壁,集中脱落涡增强并且涡核靠向流道中部;旋涡结构的变化进而导致端部高损失区域损失减小并且靠向集中脱落涡涡核,流道中部损失增厚并且向中部收缩。端弯的弯高和弯角对角区的影响明显强于流道中部;壁角涡强度的提高导致端部损失的增加;集中脱落涡涡核向端壁移动,导致流道中部损失向端区扩散,但损失减小有限。     

弯掠叶片气动性能的实验研究

与直叶片相比较 ,对一种具有前掠和正弯积迭线的独特的压气机叶片进行了实验研究。在不同位置采用五孔探针测量了两种叶栅的气动参数并在叶片表面做了墨迹流动显示。结果表明弯掠叶栅端部损失降低而叶展中部损失增加 ,但相应的端部扩压因子有所减小。此外该叶片吸力面上形成了有助于防止低能流体在角区积聚的反C型压力分布。弯掠叶栅改善了端壁角区内的流动并显著降低了叶栅总损失     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.