对特定传感器故障敏感的最优奇偶向量检测与隔离方法

 提出了一种利用对特定传感器故障敏感的最优奇偶向量进行故障检测与隔离的方法。主要思想是设计一个性能指标函数，使得最优奇偶向量对被检测的传感器故障最敏感，而对其余传感器故障和未知输入不敏感。与常用的广义似然比方法相比，该方法明显地提高了故障的检测能力，此外，对故障的隔离效果也更好。     

余度传感器系统中传感器配置结构和奇偶向量的最优化

 本文研究了余度传感器系统传感器的配置和奇偶向量的选择问题,从输出和检测性能最优的准则出发,给出了配置结构和奇偶向量的求解途径,并将它同现有的一些方法进行了比较。     

卫星故障诊断的最优奇偶向量法

 提供一种卫星故障诊断方法以提高 GPS导航的完整性。该方法利用最优奇偶向量来检测和诊断卫星故障以提高卫星故障诊断的准确性。仿真结果显示,在故障幅值较小的情况下最优奇偶向量方法相比广义似然比方法可以提高故障的正确检测率和正确诊断率。该方法还可以缩短检测斜坡型故障的时间,从而提高了系统的可靠性。     

检测传感器故障的鲁棒观测器

介绍一种在系统参数变化情况下进行故障检测的观测器。对观测器采用特征值、特征向量进行联合配置的算法 ,并对估计误差设计奇偶空间 ,使各传感器的故障在奇偶空间中被解耦分离 ,因而可用一个观测器检测与分离多路故障传感器 ,实现了故障检测的鲁棒性     

THE ROBUST OBSERVER FOR FAULTDETECTION OF THE SENSOR

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基于模糊奇偶方程的非线性系统传感器故障诊断

 给出了一种非线性系统传感器的故障诊断方法。该方法将T-S 模糊模型、全解耦奇偶方程和参数估计相结合,同时对非线性系统的多个传感器的故障进行检测、隔离与识别。设计出用于产生残差的线性系统全解耦奇偶方程,并给出了全解耦奇偶向量的存在条件,全解耦奇偶方程产生的残差仅对一个传感器故障敏感,而对系统状态、扰动输入和其它传感器输出解耦。引入T-S 模型将全解耦奇偶方程推广到非线性系统中得到了模糊奇偶方程。传感器的故障模型表示为刻度因子和偏差的形式,根据残差信息应用卡尔曼估计方法可识别出故障模型的参数。最后给出了某型号飞机控制系统传感器的故障诊断仿真实例。     

In-Flight Parity Vector Compensation for FDI

The performance of a failure detection and isolation (FDI) algorithm applied to a redundant strapdown inertial measurement unit (IMU) is limited by sensor errors such as input axis misalignment, scale factor errors, and biases. A techique is presented for improving the performance of FDI algorithms applied to redundant strapdown IMUs. A Kalman filter provides estimates of those linear combinations of sensor errors that affect the parity vector. These estimates are used to form a compensated parity vector which does not include the effects of sensor errors. The compensated parity vector is then used in place of the uncompensated parity vector to make FDI decisions. Simulation results are presented in which the algorithm is tested in a realistic flight environment that includes vehicle maneuvers, the effects of turbulence, and sensor failures. The results show that the algorithm can significantly improve FDI performance, especially during vehicle maneuvers.     

改进的容错惯性导航系统

 用于余度捷联惯性测量单元(IMU)的故障检测及分离(FDI)方法的性能受到诸如输入轴不准,刻度因子误差以及偏倚这样的传感器误差的限制。本文采用分离偏倚估计方法以获得上述影响奇偶向量的传感器误差的线性组合的估计,然后将这些估计用于构成补偿的奇偶向量,该奇偶向量不包括传感器误差的影响。用经补偿的奇偶向量代替未经补偿的奇偶向量进行故障检测及分离判决以提高FDI的性能。仿真结果表明奇偶向量补偿算法可大大提高FDI的性能,特别是在飞行器做机动飞行时。     

Sensor/actuator fault diagnosis based on statistical analysis of innovation sequence and Robust Kalman Filtering

In this paper, an approach to detect and isolate the aircraft sensor/actuator faults affecting the mean of the Kalman filter innovation sequence is presented. The effects of the sensor and actuator faults in the innovation process of the channels are investigated, and a decision approach to isolate the sensor and actuator faults is proposed. When a Kalman filter is used, the decision statistics change regardless of whether the fault is in the sensors or in the actuators, whilst when a Robust Kalman Filter (RKF) is used, it is easy to distinguish the sensor and actuator faults. A novel feature of this diagnostic method is that the innovation sequence based fault isolation algorithm has been presented and hence, the sensor/actuator fault detection and isolation problem has been solved. The categories (or classes) of the likely faults are not demanded. The statistical characteristics of the system are not required to be known after the fault has occurred. In the simulations, the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft control system are considered, and the detection and isolation of pitch rate gyro faults and actuator faults affecting the mean of the innovation sequence are examined.     

基于低冗余度的传感器故障诊断研究

对于大型飞机来说,飞行控制系统各部件(包括传感器)多采用高余度的硬件配置来提高系统的任务可靠性,但对小型飞机来说,由于受重量、空间及费用等原因的影响,一些传感器不适合安装三余度或四余度传感器。对于二余度或单传感器来说,如何鉴别故障传感器或判断传感器是否发生故障较为困难。同样,传统的故障诊断与隔离方法并不能隔离三余度传感器系统中的多个故障。为了解决低冗余度传感器故障诊断问题,提出一种不依赖数学模型的奇偶方程方法与小波分析相结合的传感器故障诊断方法。     

临近空间无人飞行器多余度容错导航系统设计

临近空间无人飞行器导航系统的故障直接影响到飞行器的任务执行和飞行安全,因此必须能够长时间地保持稳定性和精确性,为达到此目的必须设计由惯性导航、卫星导航等多种导航传感器组成的多源多余度容错导航系统,提高系统的可靠性。针对临近空间飞行器制导控制对导航信息的需求,提出了一种标准的三余度导航系统架构,并设计了采用新型加权平均表决子算法,具备故障检测和隔离以及故障重构功能的容错重构算法,构建了适用于临近空间无人飞行器的多余度容错导航系统,通过实测试验数据仿真验证了容错导航系统的性能,展示了系统一次故障工作的故障容错能力。所研究内容也可被其他类型的无人飞行器借鉴和参考。     

均值检验方法及其在冗余惯性导航系统中的应用

采用了非线性滤波的方法对影响故障检测及分离（FDI）性能的传感器误差进行了补偿,同时提出了故障检测与分离的均值检验方法（MVT）,该方法可以对2个传感器同时出现故障的情况进行检测与隔离。5个陀螺冗余惯性导航系统仿真结果验证了本文算法的有效性。     

Autonomous fault detection and removal using GPS carrier phase

This paper is focused on the use of carrier phase measurements and parity space methodology to investigate the limits of high-integrity and high-continuity satellite-based navigation performance. In this regard, a new algorithm for receiver autonomous fault detection and removal is developed with the specific goal of attaining the high levels of integrity and continuity required for aircraft precision approach and landing applications. Fault detection and removal algorithm performance is demonstrated through analysis and simulation, and the results of tests using deliberately induced failures in raw night data are presented     

基于SPSO-SVR的融合航空发动机传感器故障诊断

针对航空发动机常见的传感器故障问题, 提出了一种利用改进的粒子群算法训练支持向量回归机, 并利用融合机制将其应用于传感器故障诊断.论述了用一簇支持向量回归机(SVR)预测器对传感器进行实时检测, 通过逻辑判断机制隔离故障传感器, 并且依据剩余的无故障传感器信息实现信号重构.以某型航空发动机传感器在其整个工作范围内受到的冲击、偏置和漂移故障为例, 验证了基于自协调粒子群优化支持向量回归机(SPSO-SVR)算法的融合诊断机制对传感器单一故障和多重故障具有较高的精度和计算效率.      

检测滤波器在FADEC系统传感器FDI中的应用研究

研究将检测滤波器应用于全权限航空发动机控制系统(FADEC)的传感器故障检测和隔离(FDI).完整设计了针对于某型FADEC系统传感器的检测滤波器系统, 然后利用非线性发动机模型进行了仿真。数字仿真结果表明, 检测滤波器是十分有效的。      

改进故障隔离的容错联邦滤波

为了解决重置模式下联邦滤波器中子系统故障对导航系统污染的问题,提出利用故障检测函数构建时变量测噪声的容错联邦滤波结构。通过将故障子滤波器等价为量测噪声趋于无穷大的正常系统,来取代传统的故障隔离方法;推导出了子滤波器对应的最优估计值,用以消除子滤波器估计次优性对故障检测的影响;采用动态信息分配系数,以减少故障信息对全局估计的影响。采用惯性/天文/景象/地形(INS/CNS/SMNS/TERCOM)的组合导航系统进行了仿真验证,结果表明该容错联邦滤波方法在子系统发生故障时的估计性能优于故障隔离方法。因此,所提方法具有提高故障子滤波器精度、保证无故障子滤波器鲁棒性以及全局估计精度的优势,具有较高的实用价值。     

Fault diagnosis and isolation of the component and sensor for aircraft engine

Aircraft engine component and sensor fault detection and isolation approach was proposed,which included fault type detection module and component-sensor simultaneous fault isolation module. The approach can not only distinguish among sensor fault, component fault and component-sensor simultaneous fault, but also isolate and locate sensor fault and the type of engine component fault when the engine component fault and the sensor faults occur simultaneously. The double-threshold mechanism has been proposed, in which the fault diagnostic threshold changed with the sensor type and the engine condition, and it greatly improved the accuracy and robustness of sensor fault diagnosis system. Simulation results show that the approach proposed can diagnose and isolate the sensor and engine component fault with improved accuracy. It effectively improves the fault diagnosis ability of aircraft engine.      

发动机故障诊断主因子模型故障相关性准则的研究

】主因子模型是发动机状态诊断（基于故障方程的故障诊断）理论的一个新进展。故障相关性准则的正确选取是主因子模型的核心问题。本文给出三种建立故障相关性准则的途径，即利用线性回归分析、时序分析和系统辨识理论中的定阶准则建立故障相关性准则，以及利用数理统计中的线性模型线性假设显著性检验理论和区间预测理论建立故障相关性准则。文中对所得到的１１个准则进行了比较。研究结果表明，利用线性模型线性假设显著性检验理论建立的两个准则（变量显著性准则ＶＳＣ和子集显著性准则ＳＳＣ）要比近代回归分析、系统辨识或时序分析中通常采用的选择最优变量子集的定阶准则具有更强的故障辨识能力和鉴别线性模型多重共线性的能力。     

航空发动机故障诊断算法性能分析及参数优化

基于航空发动机故障诊断测试平台,通过蒙特卡洛仿真得到涡扇发动机部件、传感器及执行机构典型故障数据,经过参数换算、趋势监测、异常检测等过程进行故障诊断,采用加权最小二乘法实现故障隔离.利用故障诊断测试平台中的评估指标准则对诊断算法性能做出定量评估,采用遗传算法对虚警率、漏报率和Kappa系数等关键参数进行优化.     

基于Kalman滤波和奇偶矢量法的优化RAIM算法

针对传统RAIM算法很难检测微小伪距偏差的问题,可以通过对多个历元的统计检验量进行归一化处理,增大统计检验量的非中心化参数,提高对微小故障的检测率.Kalman新息检测法可以对卫星的故障进行独立检测,具有运算量小、在少星情况时仍能进行故障检测和识别的优点,但是对微小伪距偏差不敏感.针对两种方法的优点提出了基于Kalman滤波和奇偶矢量法的综合RAIM算法.仿真结果表明,该方法不仅可以提高对微小伪距偏差的检测率,同时减少了对可见卫星数的要求,验证了该算法应用于接收机自主完好性检测的可行性和正确性.