基于AutoCAD由三维模型生成二维投影的方法

基于AutoCAD2002由三维模型生成二维投影,是计算机辅助设计和绘图的一种有效方法,通过实例介绍一种方法可以实现从三维到二维的转换。此方法利用图纸空间的浮动视口把三维模型对不同方向用Solprof命令生成三视图及轴测图的轮廓图,把生成的轮廓图剪切于一个新文档中进行编辑,进而方便地得到三维模型实体的三视图、剖视图及轴测图等二维投影。用这种方法绘图,所得的二维投影符合真正的投影关系,因此不易产生投影错误,这为生产实践和教学带来方便。     

用激光多卜勒风速仪研究畸变模拟器的三元速度场

作者用同点双测法 ,藉一台 5 5 X二维激光多卜勒风速仪 ( LDA)对多种畸变模拟器的图 1　同点双侧法试验布置图三元速度场进行了研究。试验布置见图 1。图 1 a为侧视图 ,1 b为上视图。当三束激光从侧面射入玻璃窗 ,可以测出轴向分速 Vx及切向分速 Vs。当激光束从进口沿轴向射入 ,则可测出径向分速Vr 及 Vs。畸变模拟器可绕轴转动 ,激光束交点藉位移机构可沿径向移动 ,再使用各种长度的直管 ,就可获得任意截面的三元速度场。前透镜焦距应选大些 ,以防影响模型的进口流场。图 2　速度矢量图二、典型结果与讨论　　图 2例示 90°扇形圆环畸…     

磁致伸缩材料作动器用于主动振动控制的实验研究

对采用磁致伸缩材料作动器进行主动振动控制的问题进行了实时实验研究。首先简介了磁致伸缩材料作动器的设计和特性分析及自适应滤波算法(LMS)的基本原理;然后论述了采用磁致伸缩材料作动器的单自由度主动振动控制实验的系统,从不同的控制物理量、不同算法、偏置磁场和系统噪声等方面分析了影响控制效果的因素,实验获得了30dB的减振效果。      

Are inkless fingerprint sensors suitable for mobile use?

This paper presents an evaluation of the main differences between fingerprints obtained from a low cost inkless sensor and from the classical ink-and-roll fingerprint images used in police applications. Our experiments reveal that although the image size and quality are quite different, it is possible to introduce the inkless fingerprint into the police database and to obtain a correct identification. This shows there is room for proposing a remote fingerprint identification from a police car, using the GSM mobile telephone network.     

Technological evaluation of two AFIS systems

This paper provides a technological evaluation of two automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) used in forensic applications. Both are installed and working in Spanish police premises. The first is a Printrak AFIS 2000 system with a database of more than 450,000 fingerprints, while the second is a NEC AFIS 21 SAID NT-LEXS Release 2.4.4 with a database of more than 15 million fingerprints. Our experiments reveal that, although both systems can manage inkless fingerprints, the latest one offers better experimental results.     

Multi-scale simulation model of air system based on cross-dimensional data transmission method

The Secondary Air System (SAS) plays an important role in the safe operation and performance of aeroengines. The traditional 1D-3D coupling method loses information when used for secondary air systems, which affects the calculation accuracy. In this paper, a Cross-dimensional Data Transmission method (CDT) from 3D to 1D is proposed by introducing flow field uniformity into the data transmission. First, a uniformity index was established to quantify the flow field parameter distribution characteristics, and a uniformity index prediction model based on the locally weighted regression method (Lowess) was established to quickly obtain the flow field information. Then, an information selection criterion in 3D to 1D data transmission was established based on the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the uniformity index and the accuracy of coupling calculation, and the calculation method was automatically determined according to the established criterion. Finally, a modified function was obtained by fitting the ratio of the 3D mass-average parameters to the analytical solution, which are then used to modify the selected parameters at the 1D-3D interface. Taking a typical disk cavity air system as an example, the results show that the calculation accuracy of the CDT method is greatly improved by a relative 53.88% compared with the traditional 1D-3D coupling method. Furthermore, the CDT method achieves a speedup of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude compared to the 3D calculation.     

基于非定常气动力辨识技术的气动弹性数值模拟

选择离散型输入输出差分模型,运用最小二乘方法进行非定常气动力建模,并将辨识得到的降阶模型用于气动弹性的数值模拟。1个马赫数下的颤振临界点的计算仅需调用一次非定常流场求解器。计算精度保持与非定常欧拉方程计算方法相当的同时计算效率提高了1~2个量级。计算了跨声速具有S型颤振边界的气动弹性标准算例－Isogaiwing和三维气动弹性标模算例AGARD445.6,辨识模型计算边界与非定常Euler方程计算结果吻合。证明非定常气动力辨识技术可以提供高效的高精度的气动弹性分析。     

An inverse strategy to determine constitutive parameters of tubular materials for hydroforming processes

This paper is to determine the flow stress curve of 5049-O aluminium alloy by a tube hydraulic bulging test with fixed end-conditions. During this test, several tubular specimens are bulged under different internal pressures before their bursting, and the corresponding bulging height and wall thickness at the pole are measured. An inverse strategy is developed to determine the constitutive parameters of tubular materials based on experimental data, which combines the finite element method with g...     

Identification of a 2D turbulent wind spectrum

Turbulent wind spectrum models usually involve nonrational terms. For such models the development of a Markovian time simulator relies on a rational approximation obtained by the way of an identification stage. This paper presents a general method to manage this identification stage, that provides us with a family of stable rational approximations which is proved to converge towards the true model as the dimension increases. We first give an exact but infinite dimensional state space representation of the spectrum. It is based on the use of a diffusive equation. For bi-dimensional (2D) signals it also uses decoupling by spatial Fourier transformation. Then the discretization of this exact model leads easily to stable finite dimensional approximations over a prescribed frequency range. This approach is applied to the identification of a theoretical 2D turbulent wind spectrum, and of a 1D turbulent wind spectrum estimated from in flight recorded data.     

一维钝体竖向拍振非线性涡激力识别

基于Scanlan经验非线性模型,推导一维钝体竖向涡激振动拍振响应.借鉴Wilkinson涡激力相关性函数,探讨节段模型拍振状态下气动参数、涡激力识别方法,分析相关性对涡激力识别的作用.以一大跨度桥梁主梁断面为例,识别气动参数及其非线性涡激力,结果表明在节段模型试验分析中考虑相关性作用后,可更准确地识别其非线性涡激力.     

基于激波风洞的超声速磁流体动力技术实验系统

开展磁流体(MHD)动力技术实验研究,实验系统必须满足两项基本的条件:一是超声速或高超声速气流;二是气流必须是导电流体.基于此,介绍了基于激波风洞的超声速磁流体动力技术实验系统的基本组成、设计思想和调试情况.设计了马赫数Ma=2的超声速喷管及实验段;采用氦气驱动氩气,在平衡接触面运行方式下得到高温气体,通过在低压段注入...     

基于自适应修正曼哈顿距离的室内定位方法

在室内WiFi环境下,针对常见指纹匹配算法所忽略的信号波动问题,提出了一种基于自适应修正曼哈顿距离和AP选择的指纹匹配算法,并结合加权K近邻方法实现定位。首先采用AP选择算法获取部分受干扰程度小和出现频率高的AP,在指纹匹配时仅使用该部分AP的接收信号强度进行计算;在分析WiFi信号传播衰减公式和信号波动的基础上,提出了将自适应修正曼哈顿距离作为指纹匹配的度量距离,使用该距离旨在平滑信号波动对指纹相似度计算的影响;最后采用加权K近邻方法估计测试点的坐标。实验结果表明,在加权K近邻方法的框架下,基于自适应修正曼哈顿距离的定位算法在定位精度上优于基于欧氏距离、曼哈顿距离、余弦距离和Sorensen距离的定位算法。     

High-precision RCS measurement of aircraft’s weak scattering source

The radar cross section(RCS) of weak scattering source on the surface of an aircraft is usually less than 40 d Bsm.How to accurately measure the RCS characteristics of weak scattering source is a technical challenge for the aircraft's RCS measurement.This paper proposes separating and extracting the two-dimensional(2D) reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source with the microwave imaging algorithm and spectral transform so as to enhance its measurement precision.Firstly,we performed the 2D microwave imaging of the target and then used the 2D gating function to separate and extract the reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source.Secondly,we carried out the spectral transform of the reflectivity distribution and eventually obtained the RCS of the weak scattering source through calibration.The prototype experimental results and their analysis show that the measurement method is effective.The experiments on an aircraft's low-scattering conformal antenna verify that the measurement method can eliminate the clutter on the surface of aircraft.The precision of measuring a 40 d Bsm target is 3–5 d B better than the existing RCS measurement methods.The measurement method can more accurately obtain the weak scattering source's RCS characteristics.     

A refined design method for precoolers with consideration of multi-parameter variations based on low-dimensional analysis

The precooler is a distinctive component of precooled air-breathing engines but constitutes a challenge to conventional thermal design methods. The latter are based upon assumptions that often reveal to be limited for precooler design. In this paper, a refined design method considering the variations of fluid thermophysical properties, flow area and thermal parameters distortion,was proposed to remediate their limitations. Firstly, the precooler was discretized into a fixed number of sub-microtu...     

固液混合发动机燃面退移规律辩识方法

为了以尽可能少的试验对固液混合发动机的燃面退移规律进行辨识，采用在一发试验中适当调节工作参数的方式，并结合瞬时燃面退移速率求解方法，总结出了一套固液混合发动机燃面退移规律辨识方法进行了试验验证，结果表明：采用二维药型的固液混合发动机，通过一发试验即可较准确地掌握其燃面退移规律，还可应用于其它同种类型的固液混合发动机内弹道性能预测。     

采用频域多参考点模态识别法进行工作状态下的模态识别

 针对工程实际情况,从实测响应间的互相关函数入手,推导出适用于工作状态下的频域多参考点模态识别法,然后采用一飞机模型对该方法进行了试验验证。     

翼伞弧面下反角、翼型和前缘切口对翼伞气动性能的影响

为了研究翼伞弧面下反角、翼型和前缘切口对翼伞气动性能的影响,对带气室的、展弦比为3的不同特征几何参数翼伞模型的流场进行了三维、定常数值模拟。运用有限体积法对三维坐标系下不可压雷诺时均Navier-Stokes (RANS)方程进行了直接求解,采用剪切应力输运(SST)k-ω两方程湍流模型对湍流进行模拟。数值模拟得出的原始翼伞的气动性能参数与试验数据在总趋势上符合很好,不同几何参数翼伞模型计算结果表明:翼伞弧面下反角越大,升力及诱导阻力越小,升阻比变化不大;前缘半径、厚度小的翼伞翼型,阻力更小,升阻比大;前缘切口对翼伞影响区域限于前缘附近,压力分布同干净翼类似,降低了其失速迎角,对升力影响不大,但明显增大阻力。该数值方法可为进一步研究更多不同几何参数的翼伞模型提供参考。     

基于准三维冰形算法的结冰预测技术及应用研究

机翼结冰是威胁民用飞机飞行安全的主要因素之一,准确预测机翼的结冰过程和特点,可为防除冰设计提供依据和支撑。提出了利用二维模拟三维的准三维冰形算法,该算法在保证结冰预测精度的同时,极大地降低了型号结冰计算成本;给出了顺气流和垂直于前缘两种典型民用飞机后掠翼机翼的二维剖面截取方法,并将采用该方法的计算结果与三维后掠机翼的结冰预测结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,相对于顺气流方式,垂直于前缘方式的准三维冰形算法与三维后掠机翼的结果更为接近。     

Fingerprints thinning algorithm

During the last years, the authors are designing a high resolution fingerprint identification system based on minutiae extraction. In this sense, a fingerprint thinning algorithm by means of morphological image processing operations is presented, to improve the minutiae map involved. The first step, as in every biometric system, is to obtain an image of the user's fingerprint. After this, a pre-processing algorithm is applied which enables feature extraction steps to obtain the location and type of all minutiae; i.e., the discontinuities in the ridges and valleys of the fingerprint.     

基于D-S证据理论的磨粒识别

基于D-S证据理论的信息融合方法应用于磨损颗粒的自动识别,编制了相应的计算机识别程序。在对磨粒图象的形态特征参数进行筛选和统计分析的基础上,确定了各参数的统计容许限和决策基元概率。通过对一组标准磨粒的模拟识别试验,显示该方法具有算法简单、运行可靠、识别正确率高以及识别速度快的优点。