Sajben扩压器复杂流动中湍流模型的性能评估

用8个常用的湍流模型对Sajben扩压器中跨声速流动进行了数值模拟,评估了Spalart-Allmaras, 标准k-ε, RNG (re-normalization group) k-ε,realizable k-ε,标准k-ω,SST(shear stress transport) k-ω,v2-f,Reynolds stress共8个湍流模型对激波/湍流边界层相互作用的模拟预测能力.通过与实验数据比较发现:SST k-ω模型和v2-f模型比其他模型模拟的更准确,其中SST k-ω模型比v2-f更能准确地预测壁面压力,然而对于分离点、再附点以及分离区长度v2-f比SST k-ω预测得更准确.      

湍流模型对湍流射流CFD模拟的影响

横流中的湍流射流涡旋结构复杂,湍流模型对其模拟结果影响很大。采用S-A,Realizable k-ε,k-ω和SST k-ω四种湍流模型对吹风比为0.5和1.5工况下的横流中射流进行了数值模拟研究。与实验值比较验证了数值模拟结果的可信性。分析了旋转张量和剪切张量对湍流生成的影响。发现四种湍流模型对下游速度分布的预测均较为准确,在小吹风比下S-A模型性能最好;在大吹风比下k-ω模型较为准确。     

不可压缩湍流的多尺度模型

基于可变时间间隔平均方法,提出了一种不可压缩湍流多尺度模型及平均流动方程.与传统的单尺度湍流模型不同,该模型在建立的过程中,保留了湍流的多尺度特性,结合平均流动方程,可以更好地预测湍流流场特征.通过模拟平面后台阶流动和不对称平板扩压器流动,并将预测结果与标准k-ε模型的预测结果对比,初步验证了其可信性及优越性.结果表明:计算所得的平面后台阶流动的流向再附长度与台阶边压力系数比比标准k-ε模型提高精度约20%;平板扩压器流动的回流区位置误差约为7%、倾斜壁面摩擦因数误差约为5%,而标准k-ε模型未能预测出分离现象.可以看出该模型适用于典型的分离流动,在湍流流场的预测中表现优异,具有一定的工程应用价值      

两种k-ω型湍流模型在无网格方法中的应用研究

基于在高度各向异性点云结构中取得良好结果的点云重构技术,采用移动最小二乘无网格法解耦计算了k-ω型湍流模型方程和雷诺平均N-S方程(RANS),实现了对湍流流动的数值模拟。通过对NACA0012翼型、RAE2822翼型的绕流以及后向台阶大分离流动的数值模拟,比较分析了k-ωSST(Shear Stress Transport)和k-ωTNT(Turbulent/Non-Turbulent)两种模型的湍流预测能力。结果表明:对弱逆压梯度情况下的湍流,两者具有相当的预测能力;而k-ωSST较k-ωTNT具有更好的激波捕捉能力。对于大分离流动,两种模型较实验数据均存在一定差异,但总体趋势吻合良好。     

使用GAO-YONG湍流方程组计算翼型分离流

采用SIMPLE方法求解GAO-YONG不可压湍流方程组, 对不同来流迎角下的NACA0012翼型绕流结构进行了数值模拟, 给出了翼型绕流分离流结构随迎角的变化特征和翼型在分离绕流中的气动力参数.与实验数据以及大涡模拟结果的比较表明, GAO-YONG不可压湍流方程组能够对翼型绕流的分离点、分离涡形态、表面压力分布、升阻特性做出较好的预测, 能够模拟翼型大攻角分离流动, 计算结果优于FLU-ENT软件中的k-ε、k-ω、k-ωsst模型的计算结果.      

五种湍流涡粘模型在二维方柱绕流数值模拟中的对比研究

为研究不同雷诺时均Navier-Stokes(RANS)模型在求解钝体绕流场的差异,采用五种两方程湍流涡粘模型计算了二维方柱的绕流场(雷诺数Re=22 000),得到了不同湍流模型在不同网格离散方案下的方柱气动力与流场特性。结合以往文献数据,通过对比不同湍流模型计算结果的差异,揭示了不同湍流模型的特点。研究结果表明:网格离散方案对方柱绕流数值模拟结果有重要影响;RNGk-ε湍流模型的计算效率最高,SSTk-ω湍流模型的计算效率最低;Standard k-ε湍流模型的计算结果准确程度整体弱于其余湍流模型;RNGk-ε湍流模型、Realizable k-ε湍流模型与Standard k-ω湍流模型的计算结果大致相当,较接近大涡模拟结果;SSTk-ω湍流模型的模拟结果优于其余湍流模型,其尾流区速度场与试验结果吻合较好;两方程湍流模型计算的二维方柱绕流结果与试验结果以及大涡模拟结果相比,存在不可忽略的差异。     

某涡轮导向叶片换热实验与计算

针对某涡轮导向叶片,实验测量了光滑叶片表面的压力系数和速比系数,并使用瞬态液晶测量技术获得了叶片全表面传热系数分布.分别使用shear stress transport（SST）,k-ω,k-ε和renormalization group（RNG）k-ε四种湍流模型模拟了相同结构尺寸的叶栅通道内的流动与换热,并与实验结果进行对比.结果表明:压力面压力系数沿弧长方向逐渐下降,吸力面上压力系数先快速下降达到最小值后缓慢上升（出现逆压梯度）.叶栅通道和叶片表面附近气流流动结构的复杂性导致叶片表面传热系数分布较为复杂.4种湍流模型对压力系数和速比系数的计算结果相互差别不大,计算数据也比较接近实验值.关于叶片表面传热系数,SST模型计算结果分布规律与实验接近,而其他3种湍流模型都没有能模拟出吸力面边界层分离对换热的影响.      

基于SST k-ω的超声速气膜冷却湍流模型温度修正

针对现有湍流模型无法准确预测非等温超声速气膜冷却行为的问题,在现有SST k-ω可压缩修正模型基础上,以总温梯度为变量,完成了湍流模型的温度修正,并首先通过非等温可压缩自由剪切流动实验数据初步验证了其修正效果,在此基础上对温度修正模型预测超声速气膜冷却传热的准确性进行了验证。结果表明,基于剪切层总温变化的湍流模型修正效果显著,可准确预测大温度梯度下的自由剪切流动轴向速度分布;修正模型计算得到超声速气膜冷却壁面热流分布与对应的实验结果吻合;当用于剪切层温度大梯度变化的超声速气膜冷却数值模拟时,温度修正后的SST k-ω模型与可压缩修正的k-ω模型、SST k-ω模型相比,具有显著优越性。     

亚临界圆柱绕流的DES方法比较

针对地面结冰试验设施喷雾系统尾迹湍流模拟需求,考察了3种脱体涡模拟(DES)方法对三维亚临界圆柱绕流预测的准确性,比较和分析了瞬时流动特征和流场统计量。研究发现:1)从瞬时流动特征来看,k-ω雷诺平均NavierStokes(RANS)控制的区域对剪切应力输运k-ωDES(SSTk-ωDES)求解的准确性有显著影响;2)从流动参数统计量的误差范围来看,回流区长度和流向最小速度的预测质量能在一定程度上反应圆柱绕流数值模拟的准确性;3)综合比较,SSTk-ωDES预测值与试验值和大涡模拟(LES)数据最为吻合,具有应用于地面结冰试验设施喷雾系统尾迹湍流计算的潜力。     

S弯扩压器中四种湍流模型的比较

采用Realizableκ-ε,S-A(Spalart-Allmaras),SST(Shear stress transport剪切应力输运),RSM(Reynolds stress equation model雷诺应力模型)四种湍流模型对S弯扩压器内的分离流动进行了模拟,分析了不同湍流模型对计算结果的影响.将不同轴向位置的表面压力系数、分离区的大小、马赫数等三个量的实验值与计算值进行了比较,结果表明:分离区湍流模型对表面压力分布影响较大,未分离区不同湍流模型模拟精度相当;S-A模型对分离区的模拟较保守,RSM模型对分离的模拟精度较高,SST与RSM模拟结果很接近;各湍流模型计算的高速区域均比实验值大.扩压器的平均总压恢复系数受湍流模型影响不大,和实验结果吻合较好.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.